passage 18
i have been teaching for longer than i care to say, and always offer a course for entering freshmen. and i've discovered something quite elemental: all young people have knowledge-thirsty minds that can be awakened and encouraged to examine the world they inhabit in.(1)____
so why do we hear so many professors describe their pupils so hostile to learning?(2)____ i'll stipulate the obvious: colleges want good students. because by that, they generally mean highly sats and gpas.(3)____(4)____ sadly, this expectation continues at college where, as harvard's harvey mansfield states, professors believe "that what they’re doing the research on is exactly what students need to know.(5)____
how best to get more students into college and get them thinking? a start would be to abandon the constrictions of academic fields. i know of a class that a professor invites the students to ponder human nature.(6)____ they cites alexander hamilton, who wrote that human beings are "ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious."(7)____ and then thomas jefferson, who held that "morality, compassion, and generosity are innate elements in the human constitution." this is a discussion worth of a college course, in which every one of us can bring information and insights to the analysis.(8)____ this can also happen in the sciences. thus there's a geology course that starts the professor saying, "after this semester, you'll never look at a rock in the same way again."(9)____ of course, the students are expecting to put in a lot of hard work. but teachers like that make them willing to do it.(10)____
本章大意
本文讨论的是大学教育的目标。在作者看来，所有青年人都渴望学习知识。那么，为什么会听到那么多的教授抱怨自己的学生不爱学习，甚至对学习持有敌对态度呢？答案显而易见：大学只偏爱那些考试得高分的“好学生”，而教授们也认为“他们正在做的研究就是学生们真正需要知道的”，大学的课堂是以研究教授们感兴趣的课题为中心而不是以激发学生的思维为中心。因此，只有解除学术的制约才能让更多的人进人大学学习并引导他们去思考。
答案详解
1．inin词汇错误。inhabit是及物动词。表示“居住于“，所以应去掉介词血。
2．soas词汇错误。describe...as...是固定短语，用来形容或说（某人或某事物）有某种性质，此处要表达的意思是“很多教授说自己的学生不爱学习”，所以应该用so替换成as。
3．becausebut语篇错误。上文提到大学需要好学生，此处说好学生指考试得分高的，这两者间不是因果关系，所以because不对。由by that和generally可知，所谓好学生这个概念是有局限的，此处解释好学生只指考试得分高的，与上文有转折关系，故应用but。
4．highlyhigh语法错误。这里要修饰的词是sats翔gpas。它们是名词性的词，所以应该选用形容词high来修饰。
5．thethe词汇错误。do research是固定短语，表示“摘研究，进行调查”，而且这里并不特指某一项研究，只强调这一动作，所以去掉定冠词the。
6．thatwhere语法错误。引导词所指代的先行词a class在定语从句中作地点状语，所以引导词应该用关系副词where。
7．theyhe/she语篇错误。从上下文来看，cites的主语应该是教授，而不是学生。此处是对教授的教学方法的描述，意为“教授引用一些名人名言来启发学生思考人类的本性”，所以应该选用人称代词he或she。
8．worthworthy词汇错误。worth放在名词后面作后置定语时，通常用worth doing的结构，如：this is a question worth discussing。而worthy作后置定语时，用“worthy of+名词”的结构。此处的结构为“of+名词”，所以应该用worthy，而不是worth。
9．starts∧with词汇错误。start with表示“以……作为开始”，此短语放置在此处符合逻辑，表示一个“以教授发言开始的”地质课程，而其后紧接着就是教授的话。
10. expectingexpected语法错误。根据上下文，此处主语students与expect之间应该是被动关系，表示”被期望”，整句的意思是“当然。学生也被寄予期望投入许多努力”。