shang dynasty
shang dynasty endured roughly from 1700 to 1027 b.c. the shang dynasty （also called the yin dynasty in its later stages） is believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last xia ruler. its civilization was based on agriculture， augmented by hunting and animal husbandry. two important events of the period were the development of a writing system， as revealed in archaic chinese inscriptions found on tortoise shells and flat cattle bones， and the use of bronze metallurgy. a number of ceremonial bronze vessels with inscriptions date from the shang period； the workmanship on the bronzes attests to a high level of civilization.
商朝
商朝大约历经了大约从公元前1700年到公元前1027年这一段时期。人们认为商朝 （王朝的晚期被称为"殷" ）是由推翻夏朝最后一个统制者的起义领袖建立的。商代的文明是建立在农业生产、狩猎和畜牧业发展的基础之上。这一时期，有两个重大的事件。一是文字的出现，发现了刻在龟壳和扁平的牛骨上的篆刻文字；另外就是青铜器的冶炼技术的应用。一批有篆刻图案和文字的用于祭祀仪式的青铜器可以追溯到商朝。从青铜器的工艺水平反映了的极高的文明程度。