456.sheer (a.)完全的
It’s true that farmers there will suffer as protective trade barriers fall. But a deeper source of their discontent is sheer, longstanding poverty.
的确，一旦废掉保护性的贸易壁垒，那里农民的日子将会难过，但农民心中更多的不满，来自长久以来未曾改善的赤贫处境。
457.simmering (a.)(争吵 暴力)即将爆发的
A major pact was signed by the two leaders(of China and Russia)and the Presidents of Kazakhstan，Kyrgyastan and Tajikistan to quell long simmering disputes along Russia’s southern border.
中俄领导和哈萨克斯坦,吉尔吉斯斯坦与塔吉克斯坦三共和国总统签署了一项重要协定，以解决俄罗斯南疆长久以来一直不甚平静的边界争端.
458.simplistic (a.)过分单纯化的
His lack of leadership allowed the reform forces to fragment and be swamped by such simplistic nationalists as Vladimir Zhirinovsky.
由于他领导无方，导致改革阵营分崩离析，并被日里诺夫斯基这种总把事情看得太简单的民族主义分子搞得晕头转向。
注：fragment(v.)分裂，破碎；.to be swamped by.--(麻烦 物件等)大量涌至，应付.不来的
459.simultaneously (adv.)同时地
A couple of mathematical models…suggested that HIV would have a hard time simultaneously undergoing the minimum three mutations necessary to resist combination therapy.
根据几组数学模型，艾滋病毒要同时发生最少三种突变才能对抗混合治疗法，但要发生这样的突变并不容易。
460.snap (a.)仓促的，突然的
Snap decision making…is a survival skill if you are a hunter.
当机立断是猎人的一项求生技能。
461.speculative (a.)投机的，热衷于投机买卖的
American investors pour speculative money into Mexico then snatch it back when times grow hard and Mexico needs it most.
美国投资者抱着投机的心态投资墨西哥，然而一旦形势变坏，墨西哥急需资金时，却突然撤回。
注：snatch (v.)攫取，抢走
462.sporadic ( a.)零星的，时有时无的
反continuous
Once inside Grozny，Zarakhovich was struck by the large number of armed citizens，many of whom were making sporadic checks of entering cars.
一进格罗兹尼市，札拉克维奇就被大批的武装市民给吓了一跳，其中许多市民正在有一搭无一搭地拦检进城车辆。
463.sprawling(a.)蔓延的，广大的
Chen and Zhang have both said they can not imagine shooting films outside their sprawling homeland.
陈凯歌与张艺谋都说无法想象不在自己幅员辽阔的祖国拍片。
464.stationary (a.)静止的，固定的
Agriculture boasts its kudzu, the miracle vine promoted as a soil protector in the American Southeast and now despised as an unstoppable weed，able，as Tenner reports to overwhelm almost any stationary object.
“葛”素有”魔藤”之称，在美国东南部曾被奉为土壤保护者而大率推广，现却被贬为除不掉的杂草；农业人士夸，他们所引进的葛，依照特纳的说法，几乎可以爬满所有静止的物体。
465.stringent (a.)严格的..
同rigorous
The House approved and sent to the Senate for its expected approval a stringent ban on gifts from lobbyists.
众议院通过了一项针对游说者的赠礼所制定的严格禁令，并已送往参院审认，可望也会通过。