2012名师精选四级词汇与语法特训(114)

1.eggs were on sale, and the shoppers ____the bargain.

a. snatched up b. snapped up

c. smashed up d. summoned up 

2.he soon made a ____ for himself on the stage.

a. popularity b. fame c. reputation d. respect 

3.violence in the local prison has ____ two lives.

a. removed b. taken c. cost d. slaughtered 

4.the unpleasant taste ____ in his mouth for hours.

a. lingered b. prolonged c. rested d. vanished 

5.his ____ book will deal with industrial relations.

a. eventual b. actual

c. forthcoming d. prompt 

6.i just managed to ____ a quick breath before i was sucked under the water by the passing boat.

a. gain b. possess c. grab d. snatch 

7.the waterskier ____ over the water.

a. skimmed b. floated c. drifted d. swam 

8.have you seen my son’s latest ____to his stamp collection?

a. accumulation b. acquisition

c. exhibit d. edition 

9.the noise was so ____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.

a. dim b. gentle c. faint d. definite 

10.a ____change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.

a. severe b. violent c. drastic d. strict 

答案与解析：

1.b。

鸡蛋廉价出售，顾客都来抢购便宜货。此题为与up搭配的词组辨析题，根据句意来判断。snapped up抢购；迅速抓住(机会)：句中的“on sale”暗示了“抢购”这一含义:mr. hayes told bob that he would take him skiing, and bob snapped up the offer.海斯先生告诉鲍勃说要带他去滑雪，鲍勃连忙接受他的提议。a. snatched up一把抓住或抓起：he snatched up his gun and fired.他突然拿起枪来射击。c. smashed up撞毁，击毁：smash up all the old furniture捣毁了所有的旧家具。d. summoned up鼓起(勇气)；奋起：summon up the courage to speak鼓起勇气来讲话。

2.c。

不久，他在舞台上为自己赢得了声誉。此题为近义词辨析题，尤其要区分b、c两项。

reputation名誉；名声(就能力和素质而言)：have a reputation for laziness懒出了名。常用的搭配有：establish, build up, make a reputation (for oneself)确立，逐渐建立，赢得声誉。句中soon和for himself暗示了应该使用reputation。a. popularity名气，流行(受许多人爱戴和喜欢)(with/among)。形容词为popular，意为受欢迎的：her popularity with teenagers is just surprising.她受青年欢迎的程度真令人惊讶。b. fame名声(已经被许多人知道并被人们谈起)，形容词为famous，此词通常含有褒义。常用结构：come/rise to fame出名；win/achieve/earn fame成名：he achieved fame as an educator.他获得教育家的美名。d. respect尊敬。本句中，a、b、c都意为名声、名气，但c.reputation强调自身的能力和素质，可好的出名，也可坏的出名，a. popularity强调被别人喜欢，受欢迎。b. fame(常有褒义)好的出名，强调一种状态。

3.c。

当地监狱的暴力事件使两人丧命。此题主要考搭配，题干中主语是“sth.”，宾语是“lives”，能做谓语的只有一项。cost花费(时间、劳力等)，付出代价，牺牲(性命等)(不可用被动语态)：careless driving will cost your life.粗心驾驶可能会使你丧命。本题中cost正是这一含义。a. removed排除，消除：remove stains from clothes除去衣服上的污渍。b.taken需要，花费(某人的时间、精力、钱来干某事)：it will take a lot of courage to tell the truth.说真话需要很大的勇气。d. slaughter屠杀，与violence和two lives搭配不当。

4.a。

这种讨厌的味道他在口里残存了好几个小时。此题为搭配辨析题，题干中“taste”为关键词。lingered留恋不走；(习惯等)很难除掉：the custom still lingers in some villages.有些村庄里还残留着这种习俗。本句中unpleasant和for hours暗示了这种过程。b. prolonged延长；拖延: prolong a visit延长访问(的时间)；主要把某事的原定时间延续。c. rested放置；搁；(把某东西靠放在某一位置)：the ball rests at the edge of the table.球停留在桌边上。d. vanished消失，后跟介词from。表达方式应为：the unpleasant smell vanished from his mouth hours ago.

5.c。

他即将出版的那本书讨论了工业关系问题。此题为形容词辨析题，根据句意来判断。

forthcoming即将出现的；即将出版的。a.eventual最终的；最后的(指某事整个环节中的最后一环，只能作定语)：the eventual outcome最终结果。b. actual实际的；真实的(与事实一致的，只能作定语)：an actual fact真实的事实：his actual words他的原话。d. prompt敏捷的；及时的；迅速的：a prompt decision迅速的决定；a prompt reply立即答复。

6.d。

在被过往的船只卷进水之前，我快速地吸了一口气。此题为搭配辨析题，根据句意来判断。b、c不与“breath”搭配使用。

snatched(抓住机会)迅速获得：snatch a few hours’rest趁空休息几小时。本题中managed和before从句暗示这种含义。a. gain获得(通过努力慢慢获得)。b. possess拥有(品质、资源、财产等)。c. grab赶紧，匆忙地做(吃饭或睡，主要是因为忙)：i will grab a sandwich before i go.走前我要赶紧吃份三明治。

7.a。

滑水者在水面上滑行。此题为近义词辨析题，a、b、c、d均是表示水中运动的词，根据题干中“waterskier”来判断。skim掠过，滑过，漂过(水面等)：skim (over) the water掠过水面。b. float(使)漂浮(空中或水面)：float a sunken ship把沉船浮起。c. drift漂流；漂移(在空中或水面慢慢移动)：the wind drifted the boat toward the shore.风将小船吹向岸边。d. swam游，和句中的waterskier(滑水者)意义相斥。

8.b。

你看了我儿子最近收集的邮票吗?此题为名词辨析题，a、b为容易混淆项。根据句意来判断acquisition增添的物或人：the girl’s new acquisitions are two skirts, a hat and a pair of shoes.这女孩新近得到的东西是两条裙子，一顶帽子和一双鞋子。句中latest(最近的)暗示了是增添的邮票。a. accumulation积累，累积(慢慢聚积)：the accumulation of money, knowledge and information钱，知识和信息的积累。c. exhibit展品：don’t touch the exhibits.勿动展品。d. edition(书)版；版本：a new edition of his book is out now. 他的书现在出了新版本。

9.c。

声音很微弱，只有听觉特别好的人才听到了。此题为近义词辨析题，a、b、c为近义词，d为陪衬项。faint微弱的；微小的(人的五官较难辨认清楚的，如声音、颜色、气味、光线等)：a faint sound/colour/smell微弱的声音/暗淡的颜色/轻微的气味。a. dim昏暗的；模糊的(光线不足或距离太远所致，与视力有关)：the dim light of a candle昏暗的烛光。b. gentle软柔的(和缓，不粗鲁)：a gentle voice轻柔的声音。d. definite明确的；肯定的(说的，看到的或陈述的东西)：a definite answer明确的答复。

10.c。

要改善关系需要彻底改变政策。此题为形容词辨析题，b、c容易混淆，要注意区别。

drastic猛烈的；彻底的(常常是突然，强有力，并造成强烈的反响，一般只作定语)：drastic measures果断的措施：drastic changes剧烈的变化。a. severe严峻，艰难的(不友好)：severe competition激烈的竞争(双方不留情面)。b. violent猛烈的，剧烈的(含有暴力和难以克制的意思)：a violent quarrel激烈的争吵；a violent protest强烈的抗议。d. strict严厉的；严格的(必须服从的)：you had strict instructions not to tell anybody.你有严格的指示不准告诉任何人。