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40. great as newton was， many of his ideas _c_ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
a are to challenge b may be challenged c have been challenged d are challenging
as表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以放在引导词之前构成部分倒装。
41. please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _d_ the new carpet.
a crash b pollute c spot d stain
pollute vt. 污染; spot n. 地点，场所，斑点，污点;v. 使…上有斑点、污点。
spotted dog 斑点狗。 stain v. 弄脏，玷污，染色。
59. the tomato juice left brown _a_ on the front of my jacket.
a spot b point c track d trace
42. i'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _b_ all the time.
a to get worse b to be getting worse c to have got worse d getting worse
all the time 始终，一直。
43. convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _d_ in grocery stores.
a ready b approachable c probable d available
convenience foods 方便食品; instant coffee/noodle 速容咖啡/速食面。
ready adj. 准备好的; approachable adj. 可接近的，平易近人的，亲切的。
probable adj. 可能的; available adj. 可获得的，可利用的，可支配的。
44. when i caught him _a_ i stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
a cheating b cheat c to cheat d to be cheating
45. it is important that enough money _a_ to fund the project.
a be collected b must be collected c was collected d can be collected
46. some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _c_ so much noise.
a resist b sustain c tolerate d undergo
tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍; undergo vt. 经历，遭受。