星期一 说明现象类作文结构
一、什么是说明现象类作文
说明现象类作文一般是需要考生描述所给文字或图表中反映出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。
例（2006年6月新题型）
directions:for this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting thelr lecturers . you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in chinese:
1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师。
2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素。
3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题。
二、常见结构公式陈列
第一段 描述现象
1.nowadays/in recent years , 概述现象。
2.现象表现。
3.in addition/also , 进一步描述现象表现或变化。
或概述图表
1.from the chart / graph / table /picture , we clearly learn that总述现象、变化或问题。
2.图表中初期的数据或情况
3.however , 图表中数据或情况的变化。
第一段 描述现象
1.主题句：概括指出现象。
2.扩展句一：现象的具体表现或变化。
3.扩展句二：进一步说明现象的表现或变化。
或概述图表
1.主题句：概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或问题。
2.扩展句一：概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情况。
3.扩展句二：概述图表中数据或情况的变化。
第二段 说明原因
4.many different reasons contribute to 该现象。/ there are many different factors决定该现象。
5.among them ，第一点原因或因素play / plays a critical role .
6.moreover ,第二点原因或因素。
7.besides ,第三点原因或因素。
或说明影响
4.该现象has brought great in-fluence on 影响对象。
5.firstly ,第一点影响。
6.secondly ,第二点影响。
7.finally ,第三点影响。
第二段 说明原因
4.主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。
5.扩展句一：说明第一点原因。
6.扩展句二：说明第二点原因。
7.扩展句三：说明第三点原因。
或说明影响
4.主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。
5.扩展句一：说明第一点原因。
6.扩展句二：说明第二点原因。
7.扩展句三：说明第三点原因。
第三段 总结评述
8.in my opinion / as for me ,本人对现象的总结或评述。
9.具体作出评述。
10.进一步评述或提出建议。
11.作出总结。
第三段 总结评述
8.主题句：可能出现的现象的发展趋势或利弊评述，或是本人对现象的看法。
9.扩展句一：具体作出评述。
10.扩展句二：进一步评述或提出建议。
11.结尾句：总结全文（有时可略去）。
三、结构公式真题演示
例（2006年6月新题型）
directions:for this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting thelr lecturers . you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in chinese:
1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师。
2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素。
3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题。
参考范文
students selecting their lecturers
(1)nowadays , many universities entitle their students to choose freely teachers for courses .(2)this policy is welcomed by most students .(3)in addition , teachers have also paid much attention to it since it involves their career fate .
(4)there are many different factors deciding the students' choosing a teacher . (5)among them , a teacher's professlonal knowledge and ability plays a very important role .(6)moreover , quite a few students think teaching methods and skills are essential .(7)besides , a teacher's humor sense is also an important factor many students will consider .
(8)in my opinion , free choosing of teachers has its disadvantages as well as its advantages .(9)for another , it can provide a good chance for a teacher to prove his ability , and give students more initiative in leaming .(10)for another , however , since it is a free choice , few excellent teachers will become the focus of most students' choosing , which will lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously . (11)therefore , both students and teachers should take this matter into serious consideration .