英语六级阅读部分高频语法
4-2：状语从句真题难句荟萃
时间状语从句
1.for hundreds of millions of years,turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or gps satellites and marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water's edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead.(09.6 passage 1)
分析：主干：...turtles have struggled...
①句首的for引导的时间状语与谓语的完成时态相符。to lay eggs...作目的状语。before引导时间状语从句，该从句是个there be句型。从时态的角度来说，从句的一般过去时与主句的现在完成时似乎有些冲突；这是典型的根据语义选择时态的例子。②before引导的there be句型中，主语是documentaries,gps satellites and marine biologists,volunteers等三个并列的名词短语，这三个名词都有有不定式作后置定语。句末lest引导的状语从句表示目的（以免……），该从句的谓语是become,disoriented和crawl towards...,由and并列连接。
译文：亿万年来，海龟挣扎着从大海爬到沙滩上产卵。很久之前，没有什么自然纪录片为它们庆祝，没有gps卫星导航系统和海洋生物学家追踪它们，也没有什么志愿者因为担心幼龟受到桅灯的干扰迷失了方向而爬到汽车旅馆的停车场，就用手把它们送回水边。
2.those would-be executives had,says etzioni,little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom--and their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.(06.12 passage 2)
分析：主干：those...executives had little interest in...and their professor was met(with...stares when...)
①本句是and连接两个分句构成的并列句。says etzioni在句中作插入语，前后都用逗号间隔开。②前一个分句用了had interest in...短语，in concepts...是介词短语修饰interest。后一个分句中，when引导时间状语从句，该从句中的不定式to see...作宾语补足语。
译文：etzioni说，这些未来的管理者对在董事会上培育伦理和道德的概念几乎没有什么兴趣，而当他督促他们用新的不同方法来看待商务时，他们却用困惑不解的眼光盯着他。
条件状语从句
3.so if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar,cancel that summer vacation to england and look to new england.(08.6 passage 1)
分析：主干：...cancel that summer vacation...and look to new england.
这是“条件句+祈使句”结构。条件句中，to avoid用作want的宾语；inflicted（遭受）by...是过去分词，作定语，修饰the pain;pathetic“没用的，可怜的”。理解本句还需要了解new england是美国国土。
译文：因此如果想避免这越来越令人悲伤的美元所带来的痛楚的话，请取消去英国的暑期度假计划而改去新英格兰吧。
4.in other words,if middle-class americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier,it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free of goods,services,and capital across borders.(07.12 passage 2)
分析：主干：...it will be...difficult to maintain...
①if引导条件状语从句，且该从句本身又含一个as引导的时间状语从句。②本句理解的难度是名词词组所表达的概念，不定式短语to maintain...(it是形式主语）作主语，political support后有for引导的介词短语修饰。
译文：换言之，如果美国中产阶级继续在经济困境中挣扎、而富豪们更加富裕的话，要想让中产阶级在政治上支持允许商品、服务及资本自由跨国流通的政策，将会是越来越困难的事。
原因状语从句
5.it's also a potential economic problem,since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates.(08.6 passage 1)
分析：主干：it's(also)a (potential economic)problem...
①since引导原因状语从句，从句的复合谓语是and并列连接的两个动词makes...和exerts。②第一个谓语动词用了“make+宾语+补语”句型；第二个谓语动词用的是exert pressure on(对……施加压力）结构。
译文：因为日益贬值的美元使得进口食品更加昂贵并给利率施加了上涨压力，它还是个潜在的经济问题。
6.it's an outrage that any american's life expectancy should be shortened simply because tha company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage.(07.12 passage 2)
分析：主干：it's an outrage that...
①本句是个复杂的复合句：首先，句首的it是引语部分的形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；其次，主语从句本身也是复合句，含有一个because引导的原因状语从句。②在这个状语从句中，they worked for是个定语从句，修饰主语the company;从句含两个并列的谓语：went(bankrupt)和ended...，两者用and并列连接。
译文：如果仅仅因为自己所在公司破产、不能继续支付医疗保健费用，就使得美国人寿命缩短，这简直令人发指。
结果状语从句
7.what's more,demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an exta 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.(08.12 passage 1)
分析：主干：...demand...is growing(so fast that...)
主句的主语demand后接了for和in两个介词短语作定语。so...that...句型引导结果状语从句。从句的主语是meeting it(the demand),是个动名词；谓语动词是require,宾语是个复杂的名词词组“额外的3亿吨粮食”。
译文：此外，发展中国家对动物产品的需求上升极快，要满足这些需求，需要在2050年之前每年增加3亿吨谷物粮食。
方式状语从句
8.and just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars,college students(or,more accurately,their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products.(09.6 passage 2)
分析：主干：...college students(or,...their parents)(often)show a willingness to...
①本句是主从复合句。句首as引导方式状语从句，“（正如）和……一样”，从句谓语用了spend..on句型，表示“在……上花……（钱）”。②主句的主语是college students,括号里的内容是插入成分，可以看做是对主语的进一步纠正、说明；willingness后的不定式to pay...为后置定语。
译文：正如两个汽车购买者可能会花同样的钱买差别很大的车子一样，大学生（或更准确地说是他们的父母）经常愿意付几乎同样的价钱买完全不同的产品。
让步状语从句
9.it turns ot ,according to griffin,that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land(as egg-laying females,as eggs and as hatchlings),we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean.(09.6 passage 1)
分析：主干：it turns out that...
①本句主干是it turns out that...句型，表示“结果是……”，that引导的是主语从句（it是形式主语）。②从句中，while引导的是让步状语从句，“尽管……”；they spend on land是定语从句，修饰the weeks;主句部分，they spend in the ocean也是定语从句，修饰the years。③这两个定语从句所修饰的名词词组，具有强烈对照的含义。
译文：griffin认为，尽管人类对海龟在陆地上几周（如产卵的母龟、龟卵和幼龟）的保护工作做得不错，但我们忽略了它们在海洋里度过的岁月。
10.the narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm.(09.6 passage 1)
分析：主干：the(narrow)strips(of beach)...are being squeezed...by...and by...
①本句用了现在进行时的被动语态。②主语the narrow strips of beach后面有一个which引导的定语从句修饰；动作squeeze的发出者由介词by引导，句中有两个动作发出者，分别用on one side和on the other修饰这两个介词词组，并用连词and连接。③句末as引导时间状语从句，相当于副词，修饰rising sea levels：随着海洋变暖而来的海平面上升。
译文：沿海发展和因海洋变暖而造成的海平面上升正在使海龟产卵的海岸越变越窄。