英语六级阅读部分高频语法
6-2:同位成分和插入语真题难句荟萃
1.a 2008 study by two harvard economists nlotes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduates earrned-decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. (09.6 passage 2)
分析:主干::a 2008 study... notes that(the “labor-market premium to skill”...decreased... bul has come back...)
①句子主语study有一个by引导的介词短语作后置修饰语,引出该研究的主持者:that引导的从句作notes的宾语。②宾语从句的主语是用引号标示的“在劳动力市场付给技术的高价”,破折号中的插人成分对这个术语加以解释。该插入成分的核心词是the amount,后面的内容是两个定语从句,第一个从句college students earned省略了关系词,而第二个从句则出现了关系词that;后一个定语从句that's greater than...使用了比较句型,than后接一个名词从句表示比较对象“中学毕业生的收入”。③宾语从句的谓语是两个并列的动词decreased和has come back,用but连接。
译文:两位哈佛大学经济学家2008年所做的研究指出,“劳动力市场付给技术的溢价”——即大学毕业生收入比高中毕业生收入多出的数量——在20世纪的绝大部分时间都是下降的,但从80年代以来出现了报复性反弹。
2.telles fears that mexican_americans may he fated to follow in the footsteps of american blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement.(08.12 passage 2)
分析:主干:telles fears (that mexican-americans may be fated to follow...)-(that large parts... may become mired in…)
①破折号前后两个that引导的从句都是fears的宾语,后者是对前者的解释说明,语义相同,可以把它们看做是同位成分。②前一个that从句中,be fated to表示“注定要”,follow in one's footsteps“步某人后尘,继承某人的事业”。③后一个that从句中,the community应该还是指mexican-americans;最后in的宾语是个带复杂修饰语的名词词组,underachievement是种委婉语,意思是“失败”。
译文:大部分的美国黑人都深陷无望的贫困,一生浑浑噩噩,特勒斯担心,墨西哥裔美国人也可能会步其后尘。