writing
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composi- tion on changes in farming in the u.s. your composition should be based on the information given in the table below and should be no less than 120 words. remember to write clearly. you should quote as few figures as possible.
farm population number of farms average farm size
(million) (million) (acre)
1940s 32 6.3 170
1950s 24.5 5.6 230
1960s 17 4 300
1970s 9.5 2.9 360
1980s 6 2.5 450
write your composition in three paragraph s to
(1) compare the information contained in the table;
(2) give possible reasons;
(3) present your point of view.
changes in farming in the u. s.
listening comprehension
1. a) take her to the airport.
b) take the report to a typist.
c) repair the typewriter.
d) type for a few minutes.
2. a) the man will probably go to canada for his vacation.
b) the man will probably stay home for his vacation.
c) the man will probably not go to canada for his vacation.
d) the man will probably wait until summer to go to mexico.
3. a) 9:10. b) 9.20. c) 8:40. d) 9:30.
4. a) stay home and do her own exercise.
b) rest and take care of herself.
c) catch up with her reading.
d) take a walk with her friends.
5. a) at school.
b) at the office.
c) at home.
d) at the telephone.
6. a) in a restaurant.
b) in a museum.
c) at a concert.
d) at a flower shop.
7. a) traveling a lot.
b) getting a lot of exercise.
c) working too hard.
d) waiting for the train.
8. a) ＄300. b) ＄112. c) ＄150. d) ＄200.
9. a) doctor and patient.
b) boss and employee.
c) father and daughter.
d) teacher and student.
10. a) something happened to her car.
b) the highway was too crowded.
c) she did some shopping on her way to the office.
d) she got up too late to catch the bus.
vocabulary and structure
21. she was an _______ writer because she persuaded many people to see
the truth of her ideas.
a) influential b) unlimited
c) accurate d) enthusiastic
22. it took the soldier a long time to _______ the death of his comrade.
a) get round b) get over
c) get across d) get through
23. _______, we are determined to learn it well.
a) no matter how english is difficult
b) however difficult english is
c) no matter english may be difficult or not
d) however english is difficult
24. _______ my great disappointment, i discovered that the watch was
broken.
a) to b) for c) on d) with
25. our work in this sphere cannot quite _______ with the situation.
a) keep up b) keep step
c) catch step d) follow pace
26. the boy was _______ by the noise of the explosion.
a) afraid b) nervous
c) frightened d) fearful
27. so little ______ about physics that the lecture was completely
beyond me.
a) i knew b) did i know
c) i had known d) had i known
28. _______ fairly recently _______ solved, at least partially.
a) until/that this problem was
b) it was until/that this problem was
c) not until/was this problem
d) it was not until/when t his problem was
29. it took some explaining for the professor to _______ his point to the
students.
a) make out b) make off
c) get across d) get out
30."what did professor downhill do next?"
"he _______ our names on a piece of paper."
a) had all of us written b) had us all write
c) had us all to write d) had all us writing
31. give me your telephone number _______ i need your help.
a) unless b) so that c) in case d) whether
32. we couldn't cut the string because the ______ of the knife was
not sharp enough.
a) edge b) side c) border d) front
33. he offered to ______ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for
her to carry.
a) help b) show c) borrow d) lend
34. "you missed a golden opportunity."
"yes, i _______ that job when it was offered."
a) must take b) should have taken
c) ought to take d) might have taken
35. allen placed too much _______ on sports and paid little attention on
his studies.
a) concern b) interest
c) hobby d) emphasis
36. if you have mosquito problem, remember that they reproduce in water.
be sure to _______ these spots in and around your home.
a) release b) occupy c) eliminate d) investigate
37. certainly i'll come, but i am afraid i shall be _______.
a) a few minutes late b) a few minutes later
c) late for a few minutes d) later for a few minutes
38. the new student is having trouble _______ his english pronunciation
correct.
a) getting b) to get
c) for getting d) in how to get
39. bill refused to go home at this _______ stage of his experiment.
a) superior b) superficial
c) cautious d) critical
40. i was outside the office of the company _______.
a) before it long opened b) long before it opened
c) before it opened long d) opened long before it
41. hardly had he finished his speech ______ the audience started
cheering.
a) and b) as c) than d) when
42. the emphasis has beenplaced on the reform _______ on the puni shment
of the criminals.
a) less than b) than
c) rather than d) more than
43. "could i borrow that newspaper for a few minutes?""_______."
a) by any means b) by all means
c) no, you couldn't d) yes, you could borrow
44. millions of dollars in the city bank is said _______ during the
black-out yesterday.
a) to be stolen b) stolen
c) to have been stolen d) having been stolen
45. his answer was so confused that i could hardly make any _______
of it at all.
a) explanation b) meaning
c) sense d) interpretation
46. we would contact your nearest relative _______ any accident occurring.
a) in the event of b) in the place of
c) in spite of d) on account of
47. i don't think jane is pretty, ____________?
a) is she b) isn't she
c) do i d) don't i
48. the tourist group was taken out to see a film _______ on location
in the desert.
a) being shot b) while being shot
c) being now shot d) that being shot
49. he was _______ asleep when the alarm went off.
a) sound b) completely
c) profoundly d) deep
50. i'll contact you the moment i _______ the document.
a) obtain b) will obtain
c) have obtained d) will have obtained
cloze
men have travelled ever since they __51__ on the earth. in primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but __52__ new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbours, or to find more __53__ climates. they travelled on foot. their __54__ were long, tiring, and often dangerous. they
protected themselves with simple __55__ such as wooden sticks, or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, __56__ all, by keeping together. being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered __57__ ways of
travelling. they __58__ on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out(挖空) tree __59__ and,
by using bits of wood __60__ paddles, were able to travel across water. later they travelled, not from
necessity, but __61__ the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, which is still the main
__62__ why we travel today. travelling, of course, has nowbecome a__63__ organized business. there are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of__64__ provide us __65__ comforts and security. this sounds wonderful. __66__ there are difficulties. if you want to go abroad, you __67__ a passport and a visa, tickets, luggage and a hundred and one __68__ things. if you lose
any of them, your journey may be __69__.
scientists have now invented machines that can explore outer space. __70__, people will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes.
51. a) were first appeared b) had first appeard c) first appeared d) had first been appeard
52. a) for visiting b) for exploring c) to explore d) to visit
53. a) convenient b) warm c) favourable d) humid
54. a) journeys b) roads c) destinations d) ways
55. a) ways b) tools c) methods d) weapons
56. a) at b) above c) for d) in
57. a) different b) recovered c) more difficult d) easier
58. a) drove b) rode c) ran d) moved
59. a) logs b) trunks c) branches d) wood
60. a) of b) for c) as d) like61. a) with b) from c) for d) to
62. a) reason b) purposer c) cause d) goal63. a) mostly b) high c) highly d) greatly
64. a) which b) these c) that d) those
65. a) with b) for c) in d) under66.a) besides b) then c) furthermore d) but
67. a) outside b) abroad c) travelling d) driving68. a) important b) other c) many d) difficult
69. a) injured b) damaged c) hurt d) ruined70. a) outside b) out c) outer d) universe
reading comprehension
questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:
the pig was the last animal to be fully domesticated by the farmer.unlike the cow and the sheep, it is not a grass-eater. its ancient home was the forest, where it searched for different kinds of food, such as nuts, roots and dead animals, and found in the bushes protection for its almost hairless body from extremes of sun and cold. for many centuries the farmer allowed it to continue there, leaving his pigs to look after themselves most of the time. as the woodlands began to shrink, the pig slowly began to be kept on the farm itself. but it did not finally come into a shed, where it was fed on waste food from the farm and the house, until the eighteenth century.
the pig, then, became a farm animal in the age of agricultural improve- ment in britain in the eighteenth century, but it was given little attention by special animal breeders, for the major farmers of the time preferred to develop the larger kinds of animal. there were, however, various less well- known farmers interested in pigs and they based their improvements on new types of pig from overseas. these were the chinese pig, and its various relatives, including the neapolitan pig, which were descended from chinese pigs that had found their way to the mediterranean in ancient times. these were very different from the thin and leggy british woodland pigs. they were wider and squarer, with shorter legs and flatter faces, and they matured earlier and produced more delicate meat. by the end of the eighteenth cen- tury these overseas pigs had influenced the colour, shape and characteristics of the native british pig a great deal.
in the early nineteenth century, pig-farmers worked at improving all sorts and conditions of pig. many of the special pigs they developed are now forgotten, but by the end of the century they had established most of the kinds we know in britain today.
71. in their original wild state pigs _______.
a) ate the same food as other animals
b) did not like other animals
c) lived among trees
d) did not go near cows or sheep
72. why were pigs not fully domesticated in britain until the eighteenth
century?
a) they could find food for themselves well enough in woodlands.
b) there was no suitable food for them on most farms.
c) it was difficult to develop improved types of pig.
d) they did not grow well when kept indoors.
73. the passage tells us that in the age of agricultural improvement in
britain in the eighteenth century _______.
a) very fat pigs were developed
b) british types of pig were replaced with overseas ones
c) pigs received less attention than other animals
d) important breeders concentrated on pigs
74. how did chinese and neapolitan pigs differ from native british pigs?
a) they were taller. b) they had shorter noses.
c) they had stronger legs. d) they were weightier.
75. the passage mainly discusses _______.
a) pigs in england
b) the history of pigs as domestic animals in england
c) how the pigs were fed in england
d) how to establish new kinds of pigs in england
questions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage:
for years, the tobacco institute has tried unsuccessfully to refute (反驳) the charge by health experts that cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health. now the institute has taken a new track. in an advertising campaign last fall, the industry trade association ignored health questions and stressed that not smoking could be dangerous to local economy."tobacco means ＄1,193,000,000 to virginia," trumpeted one ad. "virginia tobacco helps pave virginia roads, build virginia parks and support virginia social programs. tobacco means 90,000 virginia jobs." the message was repeated with the appropriate dollar figures in six other tobacco states.
the statistics (统计) are based on a study by the university of pennsyl- vania's wharton school, which calculates that, overall, the u.s. tobacco industry generates ＄30 billion in wages and earnings, ＄15.5 billion in capital investment and ＄22 billion in tax revenue (收入) each year."if you look at the economic contribution tobacco makes to america," says edward horrigan, jr., chairman of r.j. reymolds tobacco co., "there's no reason for us to be ashamed of the business we are in."
the american cancer society disagrees. while virginia is collecting its ＄1.2 billion in tobacco revenue this year, the society said, 2,900 of its citizens will be victims of lung cancer. thousands more, the society could add, will be victims of other diseases strongly associated with smoking. and the u.s. surgeon general estimates the direct dollar costs of treating smoking-related illnesses nationally at more than ＄13 billion a year -- not to mention another ＄25 billion in lost wages and productivity.
86. on what ground did the tobacco institute dispute with health experts in the past?
a) the tobacco institute i nsisted that not smoking will harm local economy.
b) the tobacco institute argued that much of the government's revenue comes from tobacco tax.
c) the tobacco institute argued that cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health.
d) the tobacco institute insisted that cigarette smoking can't be dangerous to your health.
87. "tobacco means ＄1,193,000,000 to virginia"(in paragraph 1).
this statement means _______.
a) virginia will produce ＄1,193,000,000 tobacco
b) tobacco is worth ＄1,193,000,000 in virgina
c) virginia will collect ＄1,193,000,000 in tobacco revenue
d) there is a heavy tax on tobacco in virginia
88. which organization pays attention to the health warning?
a) the industry trade association.
b) r.j. reynolds tobacco co.
c) the american cancer society.
d) the tobacco institute.
89. the u.s. government's annual tobacco revenue is _______.
a) ＄1.2 billion b) ＄30 billion
c) ＄1,193,000,000 d) ＄22 billion
90. why does edward horrigan, jr. say,"there's no reason for us to be ashamed of the business we are in"?
a) because he thinks that not smoking will affect the american economy.
b) because he thinks that tobacco is not harmful to people's health.
c) because he thinks that there is not enough evidence to prove the harmful effect of smoking.
d) because he thinks that tobacco will contribute to the health of the american people.