even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. however, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
these findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. if neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. moreover, as wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity ( 多样性 ). for instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的 ) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
36. which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
a) two contrasting views are presented.
b) an argument is examined and possible solutions given.
c) research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
d) a detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
37. according to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents______.
a) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
b) could not develop long-standing relationships
c) tended to be associated with bad behavior
d) usually had more friends
38. one of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_____.
a) disrupt people's natural relations
b) make them worry about crime
c) cause them not to show concern for one another
d) cause them to be suspicious of each other
39. it can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is,______.
a) the better its quality of life
b) the more similar its interests
c) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
d) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
40. what is the passage mainly about?
a) similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-towndwellers.
b) advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
c) the positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
d) the strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
part iii vocabulary (20 minutes)
directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four
choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. the lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. her plot
against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________.
a) impulse c) inspiration
b) insanity d) disposition
42. the prime minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.
a) laymen c) directors
b) servants d) attendants
43. there is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
a) prestige c) priority
b) superiority d) publicity
44. all the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.
a) feast c) festival
b) congratulations d) recreation
45. the price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.
a) payments c) funds
b) charges d) prices
46. the manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.
a) assurance c) sanction
b) assumption d) insurance
47. although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.
a) temperament c) scrutiny
b) contamination d) symmetry
48. we are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
a) context c) pretext
b) contest d) texture
49. while a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.
a) a distinction c) an identification
b) a breakthrough d) an interpretation
50. doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they hould tell their patients the truth or not.
a) puzzle c) dilemma
b) perplexity d) bewilderment
51. to ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.
a) commend c) propagate
b) memorize d) commemorate
52. his successful negotiations with the americans helped him to _________ his position in he government.
a) contrive c) heave
b) consolidate d) intensify
53. please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.
a) distracted c) irritated
b) disregarded d) intervened
54. once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible.
a) rectify c) refrain
b) reclaim d) reckon
55. he wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph.
a) summon c) pose
b) highlight d) marshal
56. the club will ________ new members the first week in september.
a) enroll c) absorb
b) subscribe d) register
57. if you don't ________ the children properly, mr. chiver, they'll just run riot.
a) mobilize c) manipulate
b) warrant d) supervise
58. already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.
a) foreseeing c) fabricating
b) speculating d) contemplating
59. we should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
a) dedicate c) ascribe
b) cater d) cling
60. just because i'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing
me any respect.
a) redundant c) versatile
b) trivial d) subordinate
61. many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.
a) sceptical c) spacious
b) stationary d) specific
62. depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork..
a) total c) terrific
b) increased d) cumulative
63. a human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.
a) eccentric c) sensible
b) acute d) sensitive
64. it is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.
a) abrupt c) adverse
b) absurd d) addictive
65. shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.
a) feasible c) apt
b) appropriate d) fitting
66. we'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly________.
a) rigorous c) private
b) confidential d) mysterious
67. the members of parliament were ________ that the government had not consulted them.
a) impatient c) crude
b) tolerant d) indignant
68. some american colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______ , and still others
are supported by religious organizations.
a) ensured c) authorized
b) attributed d) endowed
69. the prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way.
a) intervened c) provoked
b) incurred d) poked
70. many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other _______.
a) drawbacks c) bruises
b) handicaps d) blunders
试卷二
part iv error correction (15 minutes)
directions: this part consists of a short passage. in this passage, there are altogether 10 mis-
takes, one in each numbered line. you may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided if you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. if you add a word, put an insertion mark ( ∧ ) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
example:
television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. many 1. time/times/period
of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school 2. /
subject are valid for∧ study of television. 3. the
sporting activities are essentially modified forms of
hunting behavior. viewing biologically, the modern s1.________
footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting
pack. his killing weapon has turned into a harmless football
and his prey into a goal-mouth. if his aim is inaccurate and he s2.________
scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. s3._________
to understand how this transformation has taken place we
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. they spent over a s4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. their very survival s5.________
depended on success in the hunting-field. under this pressure
their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically s6.________
changed. they became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,
throwers and prey-killers. they co-operate as skillful male-group s7.________
attackers.
then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely s8.________
long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.
their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life,
were put to a new use-that of penning ( 把 …… 关在圈中 ), s9.________
controlling and domesticating their prey. the food was there on
the farms, awaiting their needs. the risks and uncertainties of farming
were no longer essential for survival. s10.________
part v writing (30 minutes)
directions:for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
a letter to the unitversity president about the canteen service on campus
you should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
january 12th, 2002
dear mr. president