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专业四级考试词汇语法详解五(1)

  test five

  be 不定式结构

  表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如:

  there's to be an investigation.

  i am to have tea with betty this afternoon.

  这一结构常见于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如:

  the queen is to visit japan next year.

  二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:

  you are to stand here. do you understand?

  tell her she's not to be back late.

  一般现在时也可表达将来时间,常见于条件状语和时间状语从句。例如:

  if she comes, i'll tell her all about it.

  wait here till the meeting is over.

  it won't be long before the rain stops.

  近义词辨析

  begin, commence, initiate, launch, start

  这组词均含有“开始”的意思。

  begin

  在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。

  the band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。

  commence

  比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.

  the officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。

  initiate

  指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。

  the government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。

  launch

  指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。

  the company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。

  start

  与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin.

  they started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。