1 semantics: semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning in language.
2 sense : sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. it is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized.
3 reference : reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
4 synonymy : synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. words that are close in meaning are called synonymy.
5 polysemy : polysemy refers to the fact that the same one word may have more than one meaning.a word having more than one meaning is called a polysemic word.
6 antonymy : antonymy refers to the oppositeness of meaning. words that are opposite in meaning are called antonyms.
7 homonymy : homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,i.e. different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.
8 hyponymy : hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.
9 componential analysis : componential analysis is a way to analyze wprd meaning. it was proposed by structural semanticists.
10 grammatical meaning : the grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality,i.e. its grammatical well-formedness. the grammaticality of asentence is governed by the grammatical rules of the language.
11 semantic meaning : the semantic meaning of a sentence is governed by rules called selectional restrictions.
12 predication : in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called predication. the predication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.