（五）动词虚拟语气
i． 要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
１、 虚拟语气的构成
条件从句的谓语动词
主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反
动词过去式 （be要用were）
should
+动词原形
would
与过去事实相反
had +过去分词
should
+have+过去分词
would
与将来事实相反
１、动词过去时
２、should +动词原形
３、were to +动词原形
should
＋动词原形
would
注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
had you (if you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
２、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
（１） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：it is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如： it is strange that he (should) have done that.
it is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
it is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２） 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
i suggest that we (should) go swimming.
（３） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
his suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
（４） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
we received order that the work be done at once.
（５） 在it is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：it's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
ii． 例题
例１ we had hoped that he ____ longer.
a stays b have stayed c stayed d would stay
解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例２ "mary wants to see you today".
"i would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
a comes b came c should come d will come
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。
例３ had she been older, she ____ it better.
a had done b might have done c might do d would do
解析：had she been older = if she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。