英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
section 1: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
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directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear. the passage only once.
a united nations conference has adopted measures to speed up global action to protect people and the environment _______ (1). the measures were adopted at a conference in geneva called to strengthen the basel convention, a u.n. treaty that laid down _______ (2) for the disposal and management of hazardous wastes.
the united nations estimates the world produces around _______ (3) tons of hazardous waste each year. the major achievement of the conference, which _______ (4), was the adoption of a strategic plan to deal with all this waste. /
over the next seven years, the plan aims to implement concrete measures to _______ (5) from hazardous stockpiles of _______ (6), used tools, toxic substances in ships, and so on.
the basel convention, which was _______ (7), outlawed the transfer of hazardous and toxic waste from developed to developing countries. since then, _______ (8) in these toxic substances has decreased. but the illegal trade in these substances _______ (9).
it is common knowledge that _______ (10) brings money. it is a business and there is interest in having _______ (11), not paying the proper cost of treatment, _______ (12). and if there is opportunity for disposing of such hazardous waste cheaply in someone else's backyard, _______ (13).
the conference also approved _______ (14) on the disposal and recycling of batteries, plastic bottles, _______ (15).
according to a u.n. environmental official, hazardous waste comes in many forms, all of them _______ (16). /
a lot of biomedical healthcare waste contains pathogens or organisms that may cause diseases to the people. for the _______ (17), a lot of ships are containing hazardous chemicals, such as oil and heavy metals, which, if they are allowed to be disposed of into the environment _______ (18), the environment will be damaged.
last year, an _______ (19) mobile phones were sold. one of the achievements of the conference was _______ (20) that they will help to ensure the safe disposal of mobile phones when their life ends.
part b: listening comprehension
directions: in this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. after each one, you will be asked some questions. the talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1. (a) nine. (b) fifteen.
(c) nineteen. (d) twenty.
2. (a) they mostly emphasize military drill.
(b) they use only physical exertions and discipline.
(c) they have several components.
(d) they charge fees from the campers.
3. (a) prepare young offenders for the military.
(b) change the way young offenders think.
(c) give young offenders a lot of exercise
(d) teach young offenders how to make a living.
4. (a) because they organize military training.
(b) because they give drug counseling.
(c) because they offer quick retribution.
(d) because they reduce vandalism.
5. (a) the police.
(b) local communities.
(c) judges.
(d) politicians. /
questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. (a) he is not concerned about the massive protests to be held in london.
(b) he will meet with british prime minister tony blain.
(c) he will talk to some anti-war protesters.
(d) he will stay at buckingham palace.
7. (a) the government has got involved in a political crisis.
(b) the nation's political situation is unstable.
(c) several key members of the cabinet threaten to resign.
(d) economic reforms are at risk.
8. (a) because the opposition adopted an ultra-nationalistic policy.
(b) because the congress was deeply divided on some major issues.
(c) because many voters thought that the election was a "giant step back".
(d) because voter tumout was below the minimum required by the law.
9. (a) iran has not complied with the relevant nuclear treaty.
(b) iran has been honest about its nuclear programs.
(c) iran is going to reach an agreement with three eu members.
(d) iran is planning to open all its nuclear facilities to checks by un inspectors.
10. (a) it rejected a call for national unity coalition.
(b) it resumed peace talks with tamil tiger rebels.
(c) it sacked the defence, interior and media ministers.
(d) it announced a major economic reform. /
questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
11. (a) because she was unusual and did things that most women didn't do.
(b) because she was president roosevelt's wife.
(c) because she was already popular when her husband became president in 1933.
(d) because she was sympathetic toward women and poor people.
12. (a) because she wanted to help her husband nm for president.
(b) because she worked in politics.
(c) because she wanted very much to become popular.
(d) because her husband became sick and couldn't walk.
13. (a) eleanor was unhappy all her life.
(b) eleanor thought marriage was the only important thing.
(c) eleanor was angry at her husband for a few years.
(d) eleanor's life was happy only because she did important work.
14. (a) teaching her to have an independent life.
(b) preparing political speeches for her.
(c) telling her to sleep more and eat healthy food.
(d) traveling together with her.
15. (a) because she wanted to make a stir in the media world.
(b) because she wanted to entertain the general reading public.
(c) because she thought most writers didn't really understand eleanor's life.
(d) because she thought eleanor roosevelt needed to he reevaluated.
questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (a) expenditure on computerizing classrooms had been increasing rapidly.
(b) the debate over computerizing classrooms had been suppressed.
(c) new software had been created to introduce 7-month-old babies to computers.
(d) computers had been introduced into american schools with little planning.
17. (a) debating skills.
(b) classroom teaching methods.
(c) spirit of independence.
(d) american mistakes.
18. (a) it is a waste of taxpayers' money.
(b) it checks children's mental development.
(c) it is academically not helpful.
(d) it affects many other courses in the school.
19. (a) 10 times. /
(b) 20 times.
(c) 25 times.
(d) 30 times.
20. (a) computer use varies from place to place.
(b) the difference between european and american education is quite small.
(c) artificial electronic stimulation will not help young kids.
(d) classroom computer usage promises a rosy future for children.
section 2: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: in this section you will read several passages. each one is followed by several questions about it. you are to choose one best answer, (a), (b), (c) or (d), to each question. answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
questions 1-5
for the teenagers who cast off their daily lives and head off for south america, africa and asia, it may offer the time of their young lives. but research published yesterday shows that the so-called "gap year" between school and university is not as beneficial as has been suggested. in five years the gap year has metamorphosed from a radical activity of a rebellious student generation into an obligation that must be fulfilled by ambitious future professionals. it has spawned in the process a lucrative commercial market providing tourist style trips.
prince william's gap year venture to chile in 2000 created institutional acceptability, and about 200,000 people a year between 18 and 25 now take 12 months out of study. "no longer were gap years for rebels and dropouts and people with nothing better to do; now they were for hopeful professionals and future kings," said kate simpson, from the school of geography at the university of newcastle, who based her research on projects in south america and talked to hundreds of students on their return. /
"a gap year has become a requirement for success. it is now part of your progression to employability, as necessary as your a-levels and as inevitable as your degree. as the gap year has been professionalised, so it has increasingly been marketed at future professionals, with an assumption that further education and successful employment are to follow."
ms simpson said that without explaining how values such as "broad horizons" and "character building" are supposed to be achieved by gap years, they have been promoted by people such as the foreign secretary, jack straw, and the university college admission service (ucas). mr. straw said: "our society can only benefit from travel which promotes character, confidence [and] decision-making skills." according to ucas: "the benefits of a well-structured year out are now widely recognised by universities and colleges and cannot fail to stand you in good stead in later life."
however, these statements did not always reflect the reality. many of the 50 organisations providing package trips for gap year students this year designed them to be acceptable to parents and future employers, and had little concern for the communities the students were volunteering to help. one example was in ecuador where students had been sent to "help the local community." the villages returned home from work to discover their houses had been painted by the volunteers without prior consultation.
"groups of 18-year-olds arrive somewhere with no skills and set about building a bridge or school often without proper consultation with the local community and what they might want or need. they get a level of experience and decision-making which they would not get at home, but also doing things in other people's hospitals and schools they would never be allowed at home." gap students had been involved in delivering babies, construction projects and teaching without prior training - something banned in britain. /
a typical provider advertised: "are you looking for a travel adventure with a purpose, one that gives you experience beyond tourism and provides practical help to local communities." its slogan was: "develop people. share cultures. build futures." for ms simpson, the industry "appears amateurish and outdated". the idea seemed to be that ancient, highly civilised cultures could benefit from the introduction of large numbers of unskilled 18-year-olds. "while such an approach may produce some valuable contributions, the risks are high. the gap year industry cannot rely on its good intentions to assure the quality of its work."
the projects are often used to the benefit of the visiting students, as opposed to the residents. in many projects, the students practice being adults and professionals using local people as guinea pigs. "projects did not have to be based on the exploitative and dehumanising relationships. i am sure that many students learn a great deal from their gap years, but they could gain so much more if they experiment with local people." the best projects were those residents know in advance in which the local people participate and ask for what they want. "if the students and locals work together to form friendships, then the true potential of the gap year could be realised," ms simpson added.
1. the word "metamorphosed" in the sentence "in five years the gap year has metamorphosed from a radical activity of a rebellious student generation into an obligation that must be fulfilled by ambitious future professionals." (para. 1) can best be replaced by _______.
(a) orientated (b) reversed (c) changed (d) downgraded
2. according to the passage, which of the following is not true about the "gap year"?
(a) it has been developed into a growing industry.
(b) it has been officially accepted by more universities.
(c) it has been linked with students' academic study and future employment.
(d) it has met strong protest from local communities outside britain.
3. the expression "guinea pigs" in the sentence "in many projects, the students practice being adults and professionals using local people as guinea pigs." (para. 8) can be paraphrased as _______.
(a) beasts and brutes
(b) subjects for experiments
(c) control groups in a study
(d) dirty animals such as pigs
4. it can be concluded from the passage that according to ms simpson, _______.
(a) gap year activity should show more concern for locals as well
(b) the activities of gap students are hated by most local people
(c) the gap year industry will undergo a greater development
(d) gap students have made great contribution to the local communities
5. which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
(a) broad horizons and character building: targets for university students
(b) mind the gap: why student year out may do more harm than good
(c) the booming gap year industry: good intentions provide no guarantee
(d) requirement for success: gap year equals a-levels and academic degree
questions 6-10
a black comedy by a first-time novelist with a past as colorful as his book has defied the bookies to win the ￡50,000 man booker prize, the most important honour in the british literary world. vernon god little by d b c pierre, the nom de plume of 42-year-old mexican- australian peter finlay, was the unanimous choice of the booker judges, chaired by john carey, who took less than an hour to decide. the novel tells the story of vernon gregory, a texan teenager who is put on trial accused of a massacre at his high school. /
at the awards ceremony at the british museum in london last night, professor carey described it as a "coruscating black comedy reflecting our alarm but also our fascination with modern america." accepting the prize, the novelist said: my mum is in the audience. i want to say she and the rest of my family planted the idea that i could do anything and i would just like to apologise for taking it literally." it beat a shortlist including brick lane, the first novel by monica ali which was the bookmakers' favourite and has been the biggest seller in the shops, and oryx and crake by margaret atwood, the only established author to make it to the final round of judging.
martyn goff, the director of the man booker prize, said he was "absolutely amazed" at the swiftness of the decision which was made after the second shortest debate in the prize's 35-year history. "four of them jumped as one, and the fifth [member of the jury] was not unhappy," he said. the judges were particularly convinced by the way the author was able to create such a strong sense of america. "there was a feeling that it could only have been written by an american whereas we all know it wasn't," he said.
d b c pierre' - the initials stand for dirty but clean—is a reformed drug addict and gambler who was bom into a wealthy family but lost virtually everything when the banks were nationalised in mexico in 1982. without his family money to fall back on, finlay has admitted selling his best friend's home and keeping the proceeds as well as working up hundreds of thousands of dollars of debts in a scheme to find gold in mexico. revealing how his life was often stranger than fiction, he said in a recent interview: "for nine years i was in a drug haze, on a rampage of cocaine, heroin, any shit i could get. i am not proud of what i have done and i now want to put it right."
a publishing deal: for se book was sealed just one hour before the first plane hit new york's world trade centre on 11 september, 2001. "ever since, i feel like there's some dark destiny swirling around the book," he said. his financial problems are likely to become a thing of the past. a filmmaker has bought an option to make a movie of the book and as well as the ￡50,000 prize cheque, the writer, who currently lives in ireland, is guaranteed a significant increase in sales. sales of last year's winner, yann martel's life of pi, have exceeded 1 million copies. martin higgs, literary editor of waterstone's, said: "the storyline for this book is one that you would as much see played out today on the six o'clock news as read in a novel and has for this reason struck a chord with book lovers." /
finlay was second favourite to win, behind monica ali, 35, who created a flurry of interest even before her debut novel was published when she was named one of granta's best young bristish novelists. the other shortlisted books were the good doctor, by damon galgut, astonishing splashes of colour by clare morrall, and notes on a scandal by the former independent on sunday journalist zoe heller, 38.
6. the novelist peter finlay said that, when accepting the prize, he "would just like to apologise for taking it literally." (para.2) the word "it" refers to the idea of _______.
(a) selling his friend’s home and using up the money
(b) publishing the novel vernon god little
(c) owing huge amounts of debts to others
(d) doing whatever he liked
7. we can learn from the shortlisted books of this year's man booker prize that _______.
(a) most of them are from established authors
(b) some of them are from first-time novelists
(c) all of them are biggest sellers in the shops
(d) half of them were written by former journalists
8. according to the passage, the director of the man booker prize was "absolutely amazed" because _______.
(a) the debate over the prize winner was so hot and fierce
(b) the plot of vernon god little was so fascinating
(c) the booker judges were almost unanimous in their decision
(d) the fifth member of the jury refused to change his mind
9. the author mentions in the passage the sales of last year's winner yann martel's life of pi to imply that _______.
(a) the success of vernon god little will bring the author a lot of money
(b) peter finlay will become as rich as a world famous movie star
(c) the sales of vernon god little will exceed that of life of pi
(d) the booker prize winning novels will become world classics
10. which of the following cannot be concluded from the passage about the novelist peter finlay?
(a) he had once been a drug addict and gambler.
(b) he almost lost everything because of the nationalization of banks in mexico.
(c) he was quite worded before the publication of his first novel.
(d) he knew his bestselling book would win the national literary prize.
questions 11-15
american companies are giving their people a good talking to. for qualified talkers, that can make for a career opportunity. the same workaday challenges that are the bane of the modem corporation - issues such as struggling sales forces, spotty leadership, intense global competition, and flagging morale - are a boon for thousands of professional speakers nationwide. using their gift of gab, they impart knowledge, hope, motivation, big-picture thinking and, occasionally, a few laughs to audiences at conventions, company powwows, trade shows, and association meetings.
eric wahl is one such beneficiary of corporate america's hand-wringing. for the past three years, the san diego-based lecturer and artist has toted paints and an easel around the country for a presentation titled "the art of vision." at each stop, he literally draws parallels between the creativity that drives great artists and that which fuels the world's most successful entrepreneurs, underscoring his most memorable points and examples by painting quick portraits of visionaries such as einstein or lincoln.
mr. wahl's "think outside the box" message and high-energy delivery have brought him a steady stream of lucrative appearances. he says that by year's end, he'll have logged 100 speaking appearances at his going rate of between $6,500 and $9,500 apiece. wahl's success story, by his own admission, is something of an aberration. still in his late 20s, he hasn't published a best-selling management book. he isn't a household name or a comer-office veteran with a trove of great war stories. and he hasn't rebounded from personal tragedy to lead a last-place team to a world championship.
wahl, who majored in art and business at the university of san diego, took a job at speak inc., a san diego company that books speaking talent for corporate clients. what wahl does have, says rich gibbons, the firm's president, are the three elements a successful speaker needs in today's marketplace: relevance, uniqueness, and, most of all, passion. "an audience can tell when a speaker is truly committed, versus someone who's doing something by rote and reciting professional platitudes," mr. gibbons says.
it's virtually impossible to pinpoint the exact number of speakers working the lecture circuit in the united states today, and it's equally difficult to generalize about the fees those speakers command. while the national speakers association includes roughly 3,500 speaking professionals, the nsa's membership doesn't include most of the celebrities, high-profile pundits, athletes, authors, ceos, politicians and ex-politicians who often make the scene as keynote speakers at major social and business functions.
and while more than 60 percent of respondents who participated in a recent nsa member survey reported earning from $2,000 to $5,000 for a major engagement, it costs a great deal more to bag a big name, even for only a short while. charles moose, the former montgomery county, md., police chief who headed last fall's washington, d.c., sniper manhunt, now asks up to $30,000 per appearance. frank abagnale, the con man who was the subject of last year's steven spielberg hit "catch me if you can," is in the same range. after-dinner addresses from the likes of former president clinton or former new york city mayor giuliani have been reported to fetch $100,000 or more.
john truran, director of marketing for keppler associates, which represents mr. moose, says the former chief's defection to the greener pastures of the lecture circuit was a logical byproduct of the case's drama and moose's instant-hero status. "this is a celebrity culture. moose was the lead guy in the investigation: he's african-american. which makes him a great diversity speaker; and he was a memorable figure in the media," truran says. it's still possible for people who lack moose's track record to make it big in public speaking, but those whose reputation doesn't precede them have to be able to wow prospective clients with a dynamic demonstration tape that does the talking for them.
of course, putting that video together demands that the speaker get caught during a terrific performance at the podium, and therein lies the catch-22, says mark sanborn, nsa's president and a speaker who addresses corporate audiences on topics such as leadership, team-building, and customer service. a speaker can't be heard until he or she is hired, mr. sanborn notes, but "you can't get hired without first being heard." by far the most popular misconception about public speaking is that it's easy. well, if i'm doing my job right, it should look easy. "the cost of entry in this business is whatever kinko's charges for a business card, but it's much harder than it looks to make a living at it."
11. the author cites the example of eric wahl to show _______.
(a) how fast the career opportunity is growing for qualified talkers
(b) what kind of challenges american companies are facing
(c) how much a talker can benefit from corporate america's dilemma
(d) what skills are essential for a successful public speaker
12. the word "bane" in the expression "same workaday challenges that are the bane of the modem corporation" (para.1) can be paraphrased as _______.
(a) cause of trouble
(b) structural improvement
(c) result of competition
(d) impact of globalization
13. which of the following does not support the statement that "wahl's success story ...is something of an aberration." (para.3)?
(a) he has not yet published a best-selling management book.
(b) he is not an experienced office manager.
(c) he has had no direct experience in leading a world championship.
(d) he is interested in nothing but art and business at the university.
14. which of the following cannot be concluded from truran's comment (para.7)?
(a) charles moose is an exception of celebrity culture.
(b) moose's african-american background is a special advantage.
(c) the lecture circuit is a growing profitable new career.
(d) moose's quit of police chief is only natural as he became an instant-hero.
15. sanborn uses "the catch-22" (para.8) to describe the predicament in _______.
(a) dealing with topics such as leadership, team-building and customer service
(b) preparing dynamic demonstration tape
(c) acquiring techniques to address experienced corporate audiences
(d) meeting the requirement for speaking experience before being hired
questions 16-20
bob barnes never dreamed that the long arm of the music industry would reach into his personal computer. sure, the bus operator had used napster to grab music files off the internet. and when that file-swapping service was put out of business, he switched to its most popular successor, kazaa. but he was careful not to leave a trace, transferring all his downloaded songs to separate discs. a visiting teenage grandson wasn't so careful, however, and last week barnes, 50, was slapped with a subpoena from the recording industry association of america (riaa). it alleged that he had posted online--for the world to steal digital copies of songs by savage garden, marvin gaye and the eagles. "this is like shock and awe," says barnes. "blitz them until they submit."
barnes may be a pirate, but he has plenty of company. an estimated 60 million americans, more than the number of bush voters in 2000, are using file-sharing networks on the internet. until last week it seemed like a safely anonymous pursuit. but then riaa started subpoenaing colleges and internet-service providers (isps) for the names and addresses of more than 950 computer owners--some of whom, like barnes, were trafficking in stolen music without knowing it. a lot of music downloaders don't realize that they are also distributors. on kazaa, for example, the tunes you store in the designated download folder are automatically broadcast back to other users. unless you turn off sharing or move the music to a different place on your hard drive, anybody can reach into your computer and take a copy (as long as you are online and running kazaa.)
how many songs do you have to have in that folder to catch the eye of the music police? a thousand? a dozen? just one? riaa, which is trying to put the fear of litigation into as many music pirates as it can, is playing coy. it has declined to say whom it is targeting or how many more subpoenas it plans to issue. so far, though, most of the file sharers it has gone after were dealing in hundreds of tracks, not just a few. "we're focused on the supply side," riaa president cary sherman says. "if you can get at the 10% of people who are offering 90% of the files, that makes a significant dent." until recently, getting even that 10% was impossible. users were hidden behind the long strings of numbers that represent internet addresses. only network administrators knew who had been assigned which internet address, and they were reluctant to share. all that changed in february, when a federal judge ordered verizon to turn over to riaa the name of an alleged music pirate. that opened the floodgates. last week the federal district courthouse had to hire extra clerks just to deal with music-industry litigation.
"this is turning into a subpoena mill," says sarah deutsch, associate general counsel for verizon, after receiving more than 200 requests for identities. "we're not just going to roll over and allow this kind of process." not every isp feels the same. comcast, the cable-tv company that sells high-speed internet access on the side, has announced its intention to cooperate with riaa. so has chicago's loyola university. the massachusetts institute of technology and boston university, by contrast, have gone to court to protect students' identities. the cat-and-mouse game between computer programmers and the music industry is heating up. the next generation of file-sharing software, programmers promise, will provide anonymity that not even isps will be able to crack. new online services with names like earth station 5 and w.a.s.t.e. claim to have done that already, but none are quite ready for prime time.
happily, there's another alternative: paying for your music, using one of several legal downloading services. the most popular, apple's 99￠-a-song itunes music store. has racked up 5 million downloads in just two months and is scheduled to launch a windows version in december. it was joined last week by buymusic.com, which offers some of the same songs for 79￠ apiece. neither has anything like kazaa's selection just yet—but both are guaranteed subpoena free.
16. the author introduces bob barnes at the beginning of the passage _______.
(a) to show how careful he was when downloading music
(b) to serve as the background of his life story
(c) to provide readers with an example of music pirates
(d) to warn the readers not to follow suit
17. the expression "he has plenty of company" (para.2) can best be paraphrased as _______.
(a) he has won large numbers of supporters
(b) he has had a lot of followers
(c) he has downloaded numerous songs
(d) he has established a big company
18. which of the following is implied in the question "how many songs do you have to have in that folder to catch the eye of the music police?" (para.3)
(a) it is important to give a definite figure of songs for music piracy.
(b) riaa has not yet decided whether to announce the figure.
(c) riaa only plans to threaten music pirates to stop their action.
(d) the figure for determining music piracy will be announced, sooner or later.
19. which of the following best explains the metaphor "that opened the floodgates." (para.3)?
(a) more americans are following bob barnes to download music.
(b) more clerks are hired to deal with music industry litigation.
(c) more companies are supporting the action of riaa to stop music piracy.
(d) more names of music pirates were offered to riaa under federal decision.
20. the decision from federal judges is not supported by _______.
(a) the massachusetts institute of technology
(b) recording industry association of america
(c) the cable-tv company compacts
(d) loyola university of chicago/
英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
section 1: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
【点击下载音频mp3】
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear. the passage only once.
a united nations conference has adopted measures to speed up global action to protect people and the environment _______ (1). the measures were adopted at a conference in geneva called to strengthen the basel convention, a u.n. treaty that laid down _______ (2) for the disposal and management of hazardous wastes.
the united nations estimates the world produces around _______ (3) tons of hazardous waste each year. the major achievement of the conference, which _______ (4), was the adoption of a strategic plan to deal with all this waste. /
over the next seven years, the plan aims to implement concrete measures to _______ (5) from hazardous stockpiles of _______ (6), used tools, toxic substances in ships, and so on.
the basel convention, which was _______ (7), outlawed the transfer of hazardous and toxic waste from developed to developing countries. since then, _______ (8) in these toxic substances has decreased. but the illegal trade in these substances _______ (9).
it is common knowledge that _______ (10) brings money. it is a business and there is interest in having _______ (11), not paying the proper cost of treatment, _______ (12). and if there is opportunity for disposing of such hazardous waste cheaply in someone else's backyard, _______ (13).
the conference also approved _______ (14) on the disposal and recycling of batteries, plastic bottles, _______ (15).
according to a u.n. environmental official, hazardous waste comes in many forms, all of them _______ (16). /
a lot of biomedical healthcare waste contains pathogens or organisms that may cause diseases to the people. for the _______ (17), a lot of ships are containing hazardous chemicals, such as oil and heavy metals, which, if they are allowed to be disposed of into the environment _______ (18), the environment will be damaged.
last year, an _______ (19) mobile phones were sold. one of the achievements of the conference was _______ (20) that they will help to ensure the safe disposal of mobile phones when their life ends.
part b: listening comprehension
directions: in this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. after each one, you will be asked some questions. the talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1. (a) nine. (b) fifteen.
(c) nineteen. (d) twenty.
2. (a) they mostly emphasize military drill.
(b) they use only physical exertions and discipline.
(c) they have several components.
(d) they charge fees from the campers.
3. (a) prepare young offenders for the military.
(b) change the way young offenders think.
(c) give young offenders a lot of exercise
(d) teach young offenders how to make a living.
4. (a) because they organize military training.
(b) because they give drug counseling.
(c) because they offer quick retribution.
(d) because they reduce vandalism.
5. (a) the police.
(b) local communities.
(c) judges.
(d) politicians. /
questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. (a) he is not concerned about the massive protests to be held in london.
(b) he will meet with british prime minister tony blain.
(c) he will talk to some anti-war protesters.
(d) he will stay at buckingham palace.
7. (a) the government has got involved in a political crisis.
(b) the nation's political situation is unstable.
(c) several key members of the cabinet threaten to resign.
(d) economic reforms are at risk.
8. (a) because the opposition adopted an ultra-nationalistic policy.
(b) because the congress was deeply divided on some major issues.
(c) because many voters thought that the election was a "giant step back".
(d) because voter tumout was below the minimum required by the law.
9. (a) iran has not complied with the relevant nuclear treaty.
(b) iran has been honest about its nuclear programs.
(c) iran is going to reach an agreement with three eu members.
(d) iran is planning to open all its nuclear facilities to checks by un inspectors.
10. (a) it rejected a call for national unity coalition.
(b) it resumed peace talks with tamil tiger rebels.
(c) it sacked the defence, interior and media ministers.
(d) it announced a major economic reform. /
questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
11. (a) because she was unusual and did things that most women didn't do.
(b) because she was president roosevelt's wife.
(c) because she was already popular when her husband became president in 1933.
(d) because she was sympathetic toward women and poor people.
12. (a) because she wanted to help her husband nm for president.
(b) because she worked in politics.
(c) because she wanted very much to become popular.
(d) because her husband became sick and couldn't walk.
13. (a) eleanor was unhappy all her life.
(b) eleanor thought marriage was the only important thing.
(c) eleanor was angry at her husband for a few years.
(d) eleanor's life was happy only because she did important work.
14. (a) teaching her to have an independent life.
(b) preparing political speeches for her.
(c) telling her to sleep more and eat healthy food.
(d) traveling together with her.
15. (a) because she wanted to make a stir in the media world.
(b) because she wanted to entertain the general reading public.
(c) because she thought most writers didn't really understand eleanor's life.
(d) because she thought eleanor roosevelt needed to he reevaluated.
questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (a) expenditure on computerizing classrooms had been increasing rapidly.
(b) the debate over computerizing classrooms had been suppressed.
(c) new software had been created to introduce 7-month-old babies to computers.
(d) computers had been introduced into american schools with little planning.
17. (a) debating skills.
(b) classroom teaching methods.
(c) spirit of independence.
(d) american mistakes.
18. (a) it is a waste of taxpayers' money.
(b) it checks children's mental development.
(c) it is academically not helpful.
(d) it affects many other courses in the school.
19. (a) 10 times. /
(b) 20 times.
(c) 25 times.
(d) 30 times.
20. (a) computer use varies from place to place.
(b) the difference between european and american education is quite small.
(c) artificial electronic stimulation will not help young kids.
(d) classroom computer usage promises a rosy future for children.
section 3: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: translate of the following passage into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
at a time when the public is being assaulted with unsolicited e-mail ads, califomia is about to launch the toughest counterattack in the nation. a law that goes into effect on jan. 1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishes for as much as $1 million.
those potent weapons for deflecting pitches that offer everything from bigger body parts to lower mortgage rates have attracted the ire of the u.s. chamber of commerce and mass marketers. fearing the law will curtail advertising on the internet, they are pushing for a far weaker national solution that would undercut the tough tactics in california and other states that are going the same route.
but such self-interest is hardly enlightened. the growing flood of messages not only annoys pc users, it also slows the transmission of wanted e-mail and forces businesses to spend billions to combat spam. /
in fact, a survey released oct. 22 suggests the proliferation of pitches could hurt the very e-commerce these business groups say they want to preserve. the survey of computer users, funded by the pew charitable trusts, a non-profit group that studies public issues, found 25% use e-mail less because of spam. and 75% were reluctant to give out e-mail addresses, even to online retailers.
section 4: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: note-taking and gap-filling
directions: in this part of the test you will hear a short talk. you will hear the talk only once. while listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate answer booklet. you will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk /
it is important to consider the effects of products or _______ (1) on future generations. the products we choose must be safe for both _______ (2) and the environment. we should be careful about the meaning of some terms used on product _______ (3). for example, some biodegradable products may take hundreds of years to _______ (4), and the phrase environmentally safe on a package may refer to the _______ (5) rather than the _______ (6).
the environmental issues the world faces now include the _______ (7) use of nuclear power; development which brings jobs but may also _______ (8) affect the environment; some _______ (9) methods that may destroy cropland and use harmful _______ (10); the rapid growth in world _______ (11); _______ (12) at risk; clean _______ (13) supply that is threatened by industrial waste and _______ (14) sewage; some resources _______ (15) at an alarming rate; and earth's _______ (16) also at risk.
we can help protect the environment by getting _______ (17). because the environmental problems in our _______ (18) affect our _______ (19) and way of life, it's up to us to take action against local _______ (20). /
part b: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 5 english sentences. you will hear the sentences only once. after you have heard each sentence, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
(1)_________________________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________________________
(3)_________________________________________________________
(4)_________________________________________________________
(5)_________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. passage translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 english passages. you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening. /
(1)_________________________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________________________
section 5: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: read the following passages and then answer in complete sentences the questions which follow each passage. use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1-3 /
when you next buy a tub of potato salad, the container it comes in may be made from another vegetable -- corn. a new line of corn-based plastics, called polylactides or pla, has begun to land on supermarket shelves. its strongest selling points are that it fully degrades in 47 days, doesn't emit toxic fumes when incinerated, and requires 20 to 50 percent less fossil fuel to manufacture than regular plastics.
in may, 11 wild oats markets on the west coast became the first grocery stores in north america to switch from conventional plastics to the new corn-based product, with plans to roll them out nationally into all 90 stores later this year. as part of the roll-out, wild oats has installed in-store bins where customers can return their empty containers. "we then take them to an industrial composting facility and they turn the containers into compost, which we then sell in our stores to people who buy it for their gardens," says sonja tuitele, communications director of wild oats. a european retailer has also been selling the new plastic products. iper, a 21-store chain in italy, has been using the packaging for a year and has expanded its use from deli departments to dairy and bakery areas. /
the new plastic has a few quirks, however. the biodegradable materials won't break down in regular landfills; they have to be taken to special industrial sites and treated like compost. nor will they decompose in home compost bins: temperatures there don't reach the required 284 degrees f. yet the containers will melt if filled with hot food, or placed in the dishwasher or microwave. cargill, an international agriculture corporation, and dow chemical, have a joint venture making one line of pla. within 10 years, says cargill spokesman michael o'brian, the company expects to be making 1 billion pounds of corn-derived plastii:s each year. that would mean 10 percent of the nation's annual corn supply would be converted into plastics and fiber.
pla can also be used as an altemative for molded foam products, electronic packaging, and cups. for instance, the coca-cola company used 500,000 cups made from corn at the 2002 olympic winter games in salt lake city. and instead of creating a huge trash problem, the used cups were composted and turned into dirt.
what separates biodegradable plastics from their more long-lived cousins are polymers. plastics based on natural plant polymers, derived from wheat or corn starches, have molecules that are easily broken down by microbes; traditional plastics have polymer molecules too large and too tightly bonded together to be broken apart by decomposer organisms.
most biodegradable plastics currently on the market are between two and 10 times more expensive than traditional plastics. yet plastics constitute 9 percent of the 156 million tons of trash americans generate each year, and many consumers would be willing to pay the extra costs for a replacement product that biodegrades. according to a recent survey from market research firm roperasw, 51 percent of respondents would pay a premium of up to 10 percent for environmentally safer versions of plastic packaging.
1. what are the major differences between corn-based plastics and regular plastics?
2. the new plastic also has some unusual features. what are they?
3. introduce briefly the major uses of com-based plastics and the significance of this invention.
questions 4-6 /
trends in psychotherapy have shifted dramatically in the past two decades. most patients (and medical plans) have taken a pass on the long-term commitment to freudian analysis, turning instead to shorter approaches. one therapy that has taken over--especially for depression--is a method called cognitive behavioral therapy.
cbt is based on the idea that all moods--and their disorders--originate in thoughts. the therapy aims to adjust attitudes by recognizing and refuting negative thoughts as they occur. for instance, some people react to a mistake or mishap by generalizing to "i'm a failure." a cbt therapist would help the patient get to a more accurate assessment of the event, like "what a bad day." the effectiveness of this hugely popular treatment has been touted in a number of academic studies and general-interest books. proponents say that it often works faster and can be more effective than traditional psychotherapy—or even antidepressants.
except they may be wrong. gordon parker, head of the school of psychiatry at the university of new south wales in sydney, australia, and two researchers went over the results of every available effectiveness study that's: been done on cbt. taken together, parker argues in a recent issue of the american journal of psychiatry, the results really don't support the claims. their conclusion: "cbt has been oversold," says parker. "...as far as we can tell, it doesn't have any superiority over any other psychotherapy."
cbt has snowballed in popularity not because the scientific evidence is compelling, parker says, but because "it is immensely appealing [and sounds] so terribly logical." parker, who is somewhat disappointed in his own findings, has recommended the therapy to many of his patients. now, he speculates that any positive outcomes might have come not from cbt itself but simply from spending time with an empathetic therapist.
the review did contain one caveat: "there may be a subgroup of people who do very well with cbt." indeed, part of the difficulty with evaluation is that studies tend to be done on heterogeneous groups, instead of subgroups of people with specific symptoms, he says. so it's not clear who is really benefiting. /
taking issue. not surprisingly, many fans disagree with parker's conclusion. andrew butler, research coordinator for the beck institute for cognitive therapy and research in bala cynwyd, pa., is critical of the methodology used in parker's review. (the institute is named after aaron beck, the psychiatrist who came up with cbt in the 1960s.) butler says that while some research flaws do exist, "numerous studies have shown that clients who overcome their depression using cognitive therapy are twice as likely to remain depression free a year later as clients who got better using antidepressant medication." others argue that, while the studies are imperfect, there is enough solid empirical evidence to justify cbt's reputation. jacqueline persons, director of the san francisco bay area center for cognitive therapy, says that the bottom line is that cbt does work: "and that is true even though we do not know as much as we would like to about why or how it works."
psychiatrist david bums is the most well-known popularizer of cbt. his book feeling good: the new mood therapy has more than 4 million copies in print. he says: "i'm no less in love with the cognitive model than i was 30 years ago." but even bums agrees that the studies are "underwhelming" and that "there's a huge need to improve how we do research." along with faulty methodology, he says, there are several human variables that make valid testing difficult. for example, most studies have no way to control for a patient's motivation. exercises and other "homework" are a big part of the therapeutic process in cbt. some patients do the work, and some don't bother, and that could account in part for the mixed outcomes.
nor do the studies take into account an individual therapist's skills and manner. as a consequence, it's hard to tell if a patient's success or failure is due to the therapeutic technique or the therapist. "we have seen many therapists with big reputations who have poor empathy and get terrible results, and we've seen therapists who seem rather inept get incredible results," says bums. despite the fact, he adds, that "all therapists fancy themselves, empathetic and warm." the cbt debate is guaranteed to continue as the studies keep coming. one published last week in the journal of the american medical association showed that young, low-income latin and african-american women on cbt did almost as well as they did on antidepressants. /
4. what is cbt? what is the basic idea behind this therapy?
5. what is the view of gordon parker over cbt? what is andrew butler's reaction to parker's review?
6. what can be learned from david bums' book over the issue?
questions 7-10
alabama chief justice roy moore has long displayed a reverence or obsession, depending on your point of view--for the ten commandments. the scripture :has been a good calling card for moore, gaining him notoriety far beyond the realm of circuit-court judges after he first decorated his courtroom in 1995 with a hand-carved rosewood plaque bearing god's laws. he prevailed over civil libertarians who sued for its removal, and rode his fame even further in 2000, when he was elected chief justice of alabama's supreme court on the slogan "roy moore: still the ten commandments judge." but while he earned folk-hero status among evangelicals and conservatives, last week he finally pushed the legal establishment too far when he ignored a federal court order to remove his largest monument to the commandments, a 5,280-1b. granite carving known as roy's rock. moore and some helpers had installed the sculpture in the rotunda of the state's judicial building during off-hours one night in 2001.
in a stunning show of defiance by a jurist, moore disregarded the urging of all eight of his fellow supreme court justices and alabama's attorney general to comply with the federal ruling that the religious artifact is inappropriate in a court of law. instead moore declared, to the amens of supporters gathered on the building's portico, "i will never, never deny the god upon whom our laws and country depends", the hundreds of protesters had flocked to moore's monument last week as if to a revival, carrying bibles, wooden crosses and placards with phrases like keep the commandments. dump the feds. but within 24 hours of moore's speech, his judicial colleagues suspended him from the bench and ordered him to face trial before the alabama court of the judiciary, which can remove judges for ethical violations.
the legal case, brought by several civil-liberties groups, is virtually open and shut. moore's lawyers had argued that u.s. law is founded on the ten commandments, which are displayed, more subtly and often surrounded by secular legal symbols, in other government buildings around the country. but federal district judge myron thompson said in his ruling that roy's rock is "nothing less than an obtrusive year-round religious display ... the only way to miss the religious or nonsecular appearance of the monument would be to walk through the alabama state judicial building with one's eyes closed." a federal appeals court agreed, and the u.s. supreme court declined to issue a stay in the case. moore has said he plans to file an appeal with the supreme court by late september, but legal experts don't expect the court to take it. "[moore] does not have any laws of man to stand on," says university of alabama law professor bryan k. fair. "he's claiming to stand on the laws of god. apparently he has some difficulty recognizing the separate spheres of his own creed and the laws of the people of alabama."
moore's supporters have compared him to martin luther king, to daniel, and even to moses. the son of a construction worker, moore, 56, grew up in northeast alabama and worshipped at a baptist church, not "an overbearing church where they shout and dance around," says his brother jerry, "just a nice little country church." moore graduated from west point, served in vietnam in the military police and earned his law degree at the university of alabama. after losing a hard-fought election for circuit judge in 1982, moore turned from law to more exotic battles, training as a kickboxer and wrangling cattle in australia. /
it was at this stage in his life that moore carved his plaque of the ten commandments and, after being appointed as a circuit judge, hung it in his courtroom and started making headlines. the first lawsuit seeking to remove it was ultimately dismissed on a technicality. his victories in the court of public opinion, however, have been more decisive. he won his chief-justice post with 54% of the vote, and in a july poll of alabama residents, 77% said they approve of his stone monument. his popularity has led to speculation that moore is angling for higher office, although his staff denies that. in the meantime, however, his current job depends largely on whether he decides to obey the commandments of his legal colleagues.
7. who is roy moore? why is he called the "ten commandments judge"?
8. give a brief introduction to the argument around roy's rock.
9. illustrate the public attitude towards roy moore and moore's monument.
10. what can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? ("in the meantime, however, his current job depends largely on whether he decides to obey the commandments of his legal colleagues.") /
section 6: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into english and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学 派。这就是有名的诸子百家。
从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操 和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。/
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sectlon1: listenlng test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation/
1. from hazardous wastes 2. environmental standards3. 150 million4. concluded friday5. minimize risks6. obsolete pesticides7. approved in 19958. the legal trade9. is thriving10. waste management and waste traffic11. a lucrative business12. the proper cost of recycling13. the temptation is there14. series of guidelines 15. biomedical and healthcare wastes16. potentially dangerous17. dismantling of ships18. without the proper containment and control19. estimated 300 million20. a pledge from major manufacturers
section 3: translation test
鉴于公众不断收到垃圾电子邮件，加利福尼亚决定开展美国历来最为严厉的打击行动。1月1日，加州通过一条法律，使得计算机用户有权拒收垃圾邮件，并对邮件发送者提出诉讼， 要求最高达一百万美元的赔偿。
垃圾邮件内容五花八门，既包括健身美体广告，也包括优惠的按揭贷款广告。加州的打击行动力度十足，但这也使得美国商会和占据庞大市场份额的公司感到不安。他们认为这样 的法律会阻碍在线广告的发展，所以就提出保守得多的措施，力图减弱加州和其他采取类似法律的各州的影响。
但这种做法只考虑个人利益，自然难以获得支持。潮水般涌来的垃圾邮件不仅令电脑用户大为光火，而且也大大影响了正常邮件的传递速度。结果，商家还要花费大笔金钱打击垃圾邮件。 /
事实上，10 月22日一项调查表明，垃圾邮件的泛滥使得商家苦心经营的电子商务严重受损。据专门研究公共事务的非营利组织丕优慈善基金会(pew charitable trusts)调查显示，有25 ％的人因为垃圾邮件的缘故减少了电子邮件的使用，而75％的人则不愿把自己的邮件地址告诉别人，甚至不愿意告诉在线零售商。
section 4：listening test
part a: note-taking and gap-filling /
1. technology2. human3. labels4. decompose5. packaging6. contents7. unrestricted8. negatively9. farming10. chemicals11. population12. oceans13. water14. untreated15. disappearing16. atmosphere17. involved18. community19. health20. polluters
part b: listening and translation
i. sentence translation
1. i’d like to spend a few minutes of your time looking back over this year. i’m going to divide my review into three areas: firstly, finance; secondly, personnel; and finally technology. /
2. the domestic consumer market has been very competitive and will continue to be so. our result in this market has been rather disappointing, just 1% up compared with last year.
3. there are only 8 official public holidays a year, none of them celebrates anything to do with state or nation, though the first monday in may is the british holiday in honor of working people.
4. on the financial front, the result has been very pleasing. turnover has increased by 14%. costs have dropped by 3%. and profits are up by 16%.
5. our policy of personnel development through training and promotion opportunities has been a great success. the training department has expanded considerably and moved into new areas such as quality assurance and sales training.
ii. passage translations /
1. in advertising, the most common direct medium is the mail. the advantage of advertising by mail is that the ad goes directly in the potential customers’ hands. however, many people don’t bother to read these ads. in fact, we call them “junk mail” and often throw them away without even opening the envelop. another direct medium is billboards, these are the huge signs that you see whenever you drive down the streets. billboards are useful because they are colorful and easy to see, and the message is permanent. however, the message must be short enough for drivers to read as they are passing by.
2. nearly all british people in full time jobs have at least four weeks’ holiday a year, often in two or three separate periods. the normal working week is 35 to 40 hours, monday to friday. people who have to work in shift with unsocial hours are paid extra for the inconvenience. more overtime is worked at extra pay than the most other western european countries. but there is relatively little “moonlighting”, that is independent work for pay in leisure hours. another way of saying this is that the “black economy” involving work paid privately in cash and not officially recorded or taxed is relatively small.
section 5: reading test /
1. compared with regular plastics, corn-based plastics, with vegetable as its main ingredient, fully degrades in 47 days, doesn’t emit toxic fumes when incinerated, and requires less fossil fuel to manufacture. with these features, it can be a good choice in a society that is increasingly environment-conscious.
2. the biodegradable materials of the new plastic won’t break down in regular landfills; they have to be taken to special industrial sites and treated like compost; they won’t decompose in home compost bins because the temperature there is not high enough; when filled with hot food, or placed in the dishwasher or microwave, the containers will melt.
3. apart from being used as conventional containers or packaging, corn-based plastics can also serve as an alternative for molded foam products, electronic packaging, and cups. featuring biodegradability, low emission of toxic fumes, and less consumption of fossil fuel for manufacturing, it is environmentally safer.
4. cbt refers to cognitive behavioral therapy, a booming psychotherapy in the last two decades. cbt is based on the idea that all moods and their disorders originate in thoughts, so the aim is to adjust attitudes by recognizing and refuting negative thoughts as they occur. /
5. based on his research, gordon parker challenges the claim that cbt is more effective than traditional psychotherapy. he believes that the effectiveness of cbt is over-estimated and the positive outcomes of cbt cannot be simply attributed to the therapy itself, though it might benefit some certain subgroups.
andrew butler disagrees with parker’s conclusion and is critical of the methodology involved. he admits the defects of cbt, but argues that the effectiveness of cbt compared with other medication is well supported by many studies.
6 the cbt studies are not impressive and have a lot to improve. some methodologies used are not proper, and several human variables can make valid testing difficult, e.g., a patient’s motivation, an individual therapist’s skills and manner, and so on.
7. as the chief justice of alabama, roy moore is a controversial figure for his overt devotion to the ten commandments. he literally decorated his courtroom with a plaque bearing god’s laws, installed a granite carving of the commandments, and he was a staunch advocate that the commandments be observed, which brought him the name “ten commandments judge”. /
8. roy’s rock aroused strong opposition and order of removal from the federal court and judiciary world, and threat of removal from his post for failure to obey, since religious artifact is supposed to be inappropriate in a court of law, and roy’s rock apparently challenges that principle.
roy moore declared that he would never give up, and his supporters voiced their support for moore and protest against the ruling for removal of roy’s rock.
9. with his humble background from an ordinary family and rich experiences in different aspects, roy moore is highly respected and deemed legendary among his supporters. the majority of alabama residents approve of his stone monument.
10. if roy moore still insists on his roy’s rock and refuse to remove it according to the federal ruling, he might be dismissed from his post as the chief justice of alabama, as his attitude can be regarded as violation against the ethics of judges. /
section 6: translation test
the traditional chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. more than 2,000 years ago there emerged in china confucianism represented by confucius and mencius, taoism, represented by lao zi and zhuang zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools." /
from confucius to dr. sun yat-sen, the traditional chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. for example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country;" and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. all these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.
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