英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
section 1: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear. the passage only once.
today i'm going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to _________(1) and in considering this problem i will look at ________(2): the historical background to the problem, the economic involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and ________(3) to a potential problem.
in considering the historical background we should ___________(4) of the 1970s due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. many countries have looked for ____________(5) to make them independent of other countries' _____________(6). examples of alternative energy sources include such things as solar power. the ____________(7), and also the production of biogas. biogas is methane which is produced from _____________(8). /
a particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the ___________(9) to alcohol. this is interesting because in many developing countries there is a ____________(10) and at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the ____________(11) the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.
research is going on ___________(12), for example, from sugar and there are two main economic reasons for this. first of all, the world price of sugar _________(13) or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms __________(14). this has caused a problem for those economics which are ____________(15) their sugar production, as it gives them an alternative possibility for ______________(16). and secondly sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol, therefore, it is __________(17) to make fuel by distilling alcohol from it. /
in addition to sugar there are _______(18) that can be used to make alcohol, for example, ____________(19) such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as __________(20).
part b: listening comprehension
directions: in this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. after each one, you will be asked some questions. the talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. /
1. (a) blue. (b) green.
(c) red. (d) yellow.
2. (a) "swimming". (b) "wills's woodbines".
(c) a petrol company badge. (d) "tidy".
3. (a) in the early 1900s. (b) in the early 1950s.
(c) around 1945. (d) after 1955.
4. (a) "smoked by millions". (b) "bought by millions."
(c) "love for humankind". (d) "i've been to disneyland."
5. (a) two (b) three
(c) four (d) five
questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. /
6. (a) 25% (b) 35%
(c) 45% (d) 75%
7. (a) inadequate pay.
(b) short-staffing at air-traffic control centers.
(c) certain government welfare policies.
(d) the company pension scheme proposals.
8. (a) there was a substantial increase in the number of employment.
(b) just over 12,000 people were still unemployed last month.
(c) the unemployment situation has got a little better.
(d) there is no real reduction in unemployment.
9. (a) more than fourteen-million-pound worth ofjewellery.
(b) over forty-million-pound worth ofjewellery.
(c) over one-quarter million pound of cash.
(d) a very large but unspecified amount of money.
10. (a) a woman and a child. (b) three men.
(c) three men and a woman. (d) three men, a woman and a child.
questions 11 to 15 are based on the following intervies.
11. (a) a south african businessman.
(b) a british diamond supplier.
(c) an american writer and journalist.
(d) a chief executive officer of de beers corporation.
12. (a) because they are difficult to mine.
(b) because they are rare.
(c) because they are sort of marriage license.
(d) because they are controlled by a monopoly. /
13. (a) an advertising agency for diamonds (b) a south african diamond company.
(c) a belgian diamond cutter. (d) a japanese diamond designer.
14. (a) russia. (b) japan.
(c) israel. (d) belgium.
15. (a) diamonds are a good investment.
(b) diamonds are expensive because there is a monopoly.
(c) diamonds are an international symbol of marriage.
(d) diamonds are rare and therefore precious.
questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (a) the dangers of computer use to health.
(b) the dangers and benefits of computer use.
(c) computer use and personal privacy.
(d) computer use and national or industrial security.
17. (a) less than 25%. (b) about 35%.
(c) more than 45%. (d) around 55%.
18. (a) usa. (b) uk.
(c) australia. (d) denmark.
19. (a) disturbance to vision. (b) increased stress.
(c) abnormality in pregnancy. (d) skin disease.
20. (a) because they stay longer hours in front of the terminal screen than do professional users.
(b) because they use computers in places without safeguards against potential risks.
(c) because they usually use computers of an inferior quality.
(d) because they use computers only for interest or pleasure./
section 2: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: in this section you will read several passages. each one is followed by several questions about it. you are to choose one best answer, (a), (b), (c) or (d), to each question. answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1~5
british aerospace is planning to set up its own university because it cannot recruit the skilled graduates it needs from existing institutions. /
bae has a team drafting a range of options for the university, which would award its own degrees. work on the scheme is expected to start in the next few months.
sir richard evans, chief executive of british aerospace, has already launched a recruiting drive for engineers on the continent because of a shortage of high-calibre domestic candidates. advertising campaigns in france, germany and other european countries will seek to attract students expecting to graduate in the summer. /
other engineering employers are expe3cted to follow suit. the move to take on overseas graduates comes after bae left one in five of its graduate places unfilled last year, blaming shortcomings in the education system.
if the scheme is approved, bae will either build a full university or incorporate sites at its main research and manufacturing centres at farnborough, surrey, and warton, lancashire. the company would have to convince the education authorities that the university had sufficient teaching capacity and autonomy for it to be allowed to award degrees. bae said it was setting up its own education system and recruiting staff abroad because "there is a shortage of engineering graduates, both in terms of quantity and quality".
the engineering employers' federation said that skill shortages were an urgent problem. rolls-royce, another large engineering employer, said there was a general skill shortage, although it had filled its graduate quota. rolls will soon recruit internationally to reflect its expanding international operations.
engineering's failure to attract students has been attributed to poor pay and long-term prospects, given the decline in british manufacturing. bae would not reveal how much it pays graduates, but lucas variety, a large engineering employer, paid a starting salary of ￡14,200 last year. that compares with an average graduate starting salary of ￡15,300, according to income data services.
british universities have found it increasingly difficult to recruit well-qualified undergraduates. even oxford and cambridge fail to meet their quotas in many engineering subjects.
alan smithers, whose centre for education and employment research, at brunel university, produced a report on the supply of science and engineering graduates early this year, said that the discipline had been over expanded. "there is now a lack of quality to withstand competition in an increasingly international sphere. companies go where they can find the best candidates."
engineering does not enjoy the high status in britain that it occupies in other parts of the world. courses in other parts of europe and the far east command among the highest entry requirements of all degree subjects and take five years, rather than the norm of three in britain. /
1. british aerospace is recruiting engineers on the continent ______.
(a) as the pay for them can be much lower
(b) as there are not enough well-qualified candidates at home
(c) to compete with france, germany and other european countries
(d) to set up a university of its own.
2. in the passage, the expression "to follow suit" in the sentence "other engineering employers are expected to follow suit" (para. 4) can best be paraphrased as _______.
(a) tojoin bae in its recruiting scheme (b) to take the unanimous action
(c) to recruit graduates overseas (d) to establish universities
3. which of the following is not the reason that engineering courses fail to attract british students?
(a) the decline of british manufacturing industry.
(b) the recruitment of engineers abroad.
(c) the lower pay for engineering graduates.
(d) the long and slow process of success and promotion after graduation.
4. "oxford" and "cambridge" are mentioned in the passage to show that _______.
(a) they are the world famous universities.
(b) they are not cooperating with british aerospace
(c) they are reforming the engineering education
(d) they can not fulfil their recruitment quotas in engineering
5. which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(a) there should be further cooperation between british aerospace and higher institutions
(b) shortage of engineers leads bae to plan its own university
(c) british higher education has recently been reevaluated
(d) british engineering education is severely criticized for its lack of quality
question 6~10 /
in an unprecedented trans-european strike, renault workers yesterday staged simultaneous stoppages in france, belgium and spain to protest against the car maker's decision to close its factory at vilvoorde in belgium and cut 6,000 jobs.
despite union fury and a storm of criticism from french politicians and the european commission, louis schweitzer, the renault chairman, insisted that the closure of the belgian factory in july with the loss of 3,100 jobs was traumatic but necessary. "it's a brutal, hard and painful decision," mr.schweitzer said. "if we do nothing, the company will be."
up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shift in paris and other parts of france, while belgian demonstrators from the threatened vilvoorde plant massed outside the french embassy in brussels and threw a car chassis across police barricades. belgian renault dealers across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.
the renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764 jobs in france, where stoppages began overnight at the renault factory in le mans, and continued yesterday at plants in cleon, sandouville and douai. /
about 90 per cent of workers at four renault plants in spain downed tools for one hour and employees at factories operated in belgium by general motors, volkswagen, ford, opel and volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity with their renault counterparts. /
workers at renault plants in portugal, however, did not respond to the strike call.
union leaders last night hailed the so-called "eurostrike" as proof of cross-border workers' unity in the face of glaring gaps in european social legislation. /
mr. schweitzer suggested that a new use might be found for the vilvoorde factory and that some workers may be transferred to other plants, but he showed no sign of backing off from the radical restructuring plan.
critics claim that he is callously taking advantage of different labour costs across europe, and on thursday karl van miert, the european commissioner, announced he was blocking spanish investment subsides for renault on the grounds that it was "absurd" to close the profitable belgian plant.
the spanish government yesterday decided to suspend its request for approval of an 8 million subsidy it had planned to provide for a renault investment in valladolid.
the management of the newly-privatised french automaker claims that the vilvoorde plant was singled out because it has the highest production costs.
while president chirac of france has expressed "shock" at the abrupt way the closure was announced, as mr. schweitzer pointed out "the french government has not said that the decision should be altered, corrected or that it was not good for the company".
6. the belgians demonstrated outside the french embassy in brussels ______.
(a) to protest against french president chirac's speech
(b) to support french workers' strike at renault plants
(c) to protest against the closure of the vilvoorde factory by the french car maker
(d) to voice their solidarity with all renault workers
7. it can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(a) about 6,000 jobs will be cut from the renault factory at vilvoorde in belgium
(b) one third of workers in the vilvoorde factory will lose their jobs
(c) about 6,000 workers will be laid off from renault factories in belgium and france
(d) the strikes at renault plants in belgium and france will lead to a dismissal of about 6,000 workers
8. according to the passage, the workers at factories operated in belgium by general motors, volkswagen, ford, opel and volvo staged strikes _____.
(a) to protest against the closure of their plants
(b) to demand higher wages
(c) to demand more subsidies from their governments
(d) to support workers in renault plants
9. the expression "was singled out" (para. 11) can be replaced by which of the following?
(a) was closed down (b) was chosen
(c) was reconstructed (d) was separated
10.which of the following is not true according to the passage?
(a) renault workers in several european countries staged strike against the closure of the vilvoorde factory.
(b) the french government planned to take action to change the decision of the renault board.
(c) the decision to close the renault factory in vilvoorde met strong criticism from different circles.
(d) the labour costs of automobile industry vary greatly from country to country, even in europe.
question 11~15
the australian art world swooned when they saw the work of "aboriginal" painter eddie burrup, whose haunting canvases depicted aboriginal "dreamtime" legends.
the only trouble is, eddie burrup does not exist. he is a figment of the imagination of an 82-year-old white woman whose hoax has embarrassed the cognoscenti and infuriated the nation's indigenous artists. not since brisbane literary award winner, helen demidenko, admitted she fooled the publishing world in 1995 by assuming a false identity, have australia's artistic elite been so humbled.
the elderly painter who so successfully pulled the wool over everyone's eyes, is in fact elizabeth durack, a pastoralist, author and amateur anthropologist who lives in the remote kimberley region of western australia. under burrup's fictitious name, she produced a range of critically acclaimed work, including paintings, photographs and even an autobiography. everyone assumed burrup was recluse living a hermit's existence in the outback.
"his" creations were so impressive that they even featured in a touring aboriginal art show. this month some of the works were due to be entered for the highly respected sulman prize, to be announced on march 21. but after yesterday's revelation "burrup's" work will almost certainly be withdrawn.
durack, of irish descent, is a member of one of the country's most famous pioneering families. she is a well-know painter in her own right and confessed to her deception in an arts magazine, but refused to explain her motivation. "it's my last creative phase," was all she would say.
however, art historian robert smith, a close family friend, defended her actions. "she has created a character,just a playwright or a poet or a novelist will create a character," he said. "she hasn't appropriated any motifs or themes, or forms of aboriginal art at all," he insisted.
members of the aboriginal art community were less forgiving, claiming she had stolen indigenous culture. "it's the last thing left that you could possibly take away other than our lives or shoot us all." john mundine, an aboriginal art curator, said. doreen mellor, senior curator at flinders art museum in adelaide, said: "as an aboriginal person i feel really offended."
ironically, the durack family probably has a deeper knowledge of aboriginal affairs than many other white settlers, having lived among australia's indigenous people in kimberley for nearly 180 years. in the last century the duracks had a reputation as the only family of pastoralists who did not shoot aborigines.
11.according to the passage. eddie burrup _______.
(a) is an 82-year-old female painter
(b) has long fascinated the australian art world
(c) has lived in western australia for many years
(d) is an imaginary male aboriginal painter
12.according to the passage, the australian artistic circles ______.
(a) highly appreciate the work of eddie burrup
(b) do not cosider durack to be an artist
(c) felt cheated by the trick of elizabeth durack
(d) acknowledged durack's contribution to the aboriginal art
13. it can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(a) durack imitated paintings from other aboriginal artists
(b) durack lacked confidence in her own painting skills
(c) durack knew much about aboriginal culture
(d) durack devoted all her life to the creation of eddie burrup
14. the word "appropriated" in the sentence "she hasn't appropriated any motifs or themes, or forms of aboriginal art at all," (para. 6) can be replaced by which of the following?
(a) made proper use of (b) used as her own invention
(c) imitated and copied (d) studied and designed
15.which of the following can not be inferred from the passage?
(a) many white men killed or injured the native people in australia in the last century.
(b) the durack family have been hostile to australia's natives.
(c) the aboriginal artists criticised durack's deceptive behaviour.
(d) some people felt sympathetic with durack after the revelation of her deception.
question 16~20
the medical world was thrown into confusion yesterday when a judge ruled that food and hydration could be withdrawn from a 29-year-old woman, even though doing so would not strictly follow rules laid down by the royal college of physicians.
the woman, known as miss d, was suffering a "living death" and the time had come for "merciful relief," said sir stephen brown, president of the high court family division.
the case breaks new ground because in previous cases where doctors have applied to turn off life-support machines of seriously brain-damaged patients, the victims have been in a "persistent vegetative state"(pvs).
miss d was not considered by experts to be in a pvs because she could track movement with her eyes and responded to cold water being poured into her ears.
james munby qc, who was appointed to represent the woman's interests, told sir stephen that the reason the royal college had been anxious to identify what he had called a "bright line" over which the boundaries should not be pushed was because there was always a danger of going down a "slippery slope". but the judge, in his ruling said that all the consultants, doctors, medical team and family were agreed that miss d had no awareness of her surroundings or herself, and all the evidence was that there was "no possibility of any meaningful life whatsoever". sir stephen said that he did not feel he was altering the boundaries of who could be allowed to die. "i am driven to the conclusion... that it is in this patient's best interest to withdraw the artificial feeding and hydration which is keeping her body alive."
but the judgement was condemned by the anti-euthanasia group. alert, which said the "barbaric practice" of cutting off life support systemsb to braindamaged patients should be banned. dr.peggy norris, chairwoman of alert, said: "withholding food and fluids from a person capable of experiencing thirst had been used as a form of torture."
the british medical association took the vies, however, that the judgement did not extend the categories of patients from whom nutrition and hydration can be withdrawn. "it is an acknowledgment that it would be ethically acceptable to consider withdrawal of nutrition and hydration from and individual who has permanently lost his or her sentience and awareness," a spokesman said.
miss d was at university when she was seriously injured in a road accident in 1989. she recovered enough to walk round in familiar surroundings, but in 1995 was found unconscious in her bed, probably having had an epileptic fit. she has never subsequently recovered consciousness.
this week her feeding tube had become dislodged, and a small operation would have been needed to replace it. consequently the hospital trust caring for her had applied to the court for a declaration that it was lawful to "discontinue all life sustaining treatment." its request was upheld.
a spokesman for the royal college of physicians said the decision had caused confusion. "we set up a working group to produce guidelines, in order to help doctors in a difficult situation. but they are only guidelines and thejudge is not obliged to follow them. thejudgement does not change them, but it seems to be leading to some uncertainty among doctors."
16. the case which concerns miss d is mainly about ______.
(a) whether she was in a "persistent vegetative state"
(b) if she should be given further medical treatment
(c) which method to be used to recover her consciousness
(d) whether the withdrawal of food and fluids from her isjustifiable
17. in the passage, the expression "breaks new ground" (para. 3) can be paraphrased as which of the following?
(a) makes new discoveries (b) provides further opportunities
(c) brings new problems (d) makes breakthroughs
18.what is the major issue of the argument according to the passage?
(a) the redefinition of "persistent vegetative state."
(b) the stoppage of life sustaining treatment to non pvs patients.
(c) the ethical issues in treating pvs patients.
(d) the distinctions between pvs and non pvs patients.
19. it can be concluded that the author of the passage ______.
(a) gives his personal opinion about the issue in question
(b) reaches a comprehensive conclusion in the end
(c) provides a detailed introduction on the issue of euthanasia
(d) offers an objective report on different views towards the issue
20. according to the spokesman for the royal college of physicians, thejudgement has ______.
(a) set a precedent for future cases
(b) strictly followed the guidelines set up by the royal college of physicians
(c) brought about certain confusion in the medical profession
(d) led to strong opposition in the medical world/
英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
section 1: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear. the passage only once.
today i'm going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to _________(1) and in considering this problem i will look at ________(2): the historical background to the problem, the economic involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and ________(3) to a potential problem.
in considering the historical background we should ___________(4) of the 1970s due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. many countries have looked for ____________(5) to make them independent of other countries' _____________(6). examples of alternative energy sources include such things as solar power. the ____________(7), and also the production of biogas. biogas is methane which is produced from _____________(8). /
a particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the ___________(9) to alcohol. this is interesting because in many developing countries there is a ____________(10) and at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the ____________(11) the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.
research is going on ___________(12), for example, from sugar and there are two main economic reasons for this. first of all, the world price of sugar _________(13) or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms __________(14). this has caused a problem for those economics which are ____________(15) their sugar production, as it gives them an alternative possibility for ______________(16). and secondly sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol, therefore, it is __________(17) to make fuel by distilling alcohol from it. /
in addition to sugar there are _______(18) that can be used to make alcohol, for example, ____________(19) such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as __________(20).
part b: listening comprehension
directions: in this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. after each one, you will be asked some questions. the talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. /
1. (a) blue. (b) green.
(c) red. (d) yellow.
2. (a) "swimming". (b) "wills's woodbines".
(c) a petrol company badge. (d) "tidy".
3. (a) in the early 1900s. (b) in the early 1950s.
(c) around 1945. (d) after 1955.
4. (a) "smoked by millions". (b) "bought by millions."
(c) "love for humankind". (d) "i've been to disneyland."
5. (a) two (b) three
(c) four (d) five
questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. /
6. (a) 25% (b) 35%
(c) 45% (d) 75%
7. (a) inadequate pay.
(b) short-staffing at air-traffic control centers.
(c) certain government welfare policies.
(d) the company pension scheme proposals.
8. (a) there was a substantial increase in the number of employment.
(b) just over 12,000 people were still unemployed last month.
(c) the unemployment situation has got a little better.
(d) there is no real reduction in unemployment.
9. (a) more than fourteen-million-pound worth ofjewellery.
(b) over forty-million-pound worth ofjewellery.
(c) over one-quarter million pound of cash.
(d) a very large but unspecified amount of money.
10. (a) a woman and a child. (b) three men.
(c) three men and a woman. (d) three men, a woman and a child.
questions 11 to 15 are based on the following intervies.
11. (a) a south african businessman.
(b) a british diamond supplier.
(c) an american writer and journalist.
(d) a chief executive officer of de beers corporation.
12. (a) because they are difficult to mine.
(b) because they are rare.
(c) because they are sort of marriage license.
(d) because they are controlled by a monopoly. /
13. (a) an advertising agency for diamonds (b) a south african diamond company.
(c) a belgian diamond cutter. (d) a japanese diamond designer.
14. (a) russia. (b) japan.
(c) israel. (d) belgium.
15. (a) diamonds are a good investment.
(b) diamonds are expensive because there is a monopoly.
(c) diamonds are an international symbol of marriage.
(d) diamonds are rare and therefore precious.
questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (a) the dangers of computer use to health.
(b) the dangers and benefits of computer use.
(c) computer use and personal privacy.
(d) computer use and national or industrial security.
17. (a) less than 25%. (b) about 35%.
(c) more than 45%. (d) around 55%.
18. (a) usa. (b) uk.
(c) australia. (d) denmark.
19. (a) disturbance to vision. (b) increased stress.
(c) abnormality in pregnancy. (d) skin disease.
20. (a) because they stay longer hours in front of the terminal screen than do professional users.
(b) because they use computers in places without safeguards against potential risks.
(c) because they usually use computers of an inferior quality.
(d) because they use computers only for interest or pleasure./
section 3: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
a commonplace criticism of american culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar." we scramble to "keep up with the joneses." the love affair between americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. the classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most americans. as a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. these are now familiar complaints. indeed, in some respects americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.
section 4: listening test (30 minutes)
part a: note-taking and gap-filling /
directions: in this part of the test you will hear a short talk. you will hear the talk only once. while listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate answer booklet. you are required to write one word or figure only in each blank. you will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk.
i want to discuss problems of ___________(1) and three possible policies which could stop ________(2) urbanization in developing countries.
certain urban problems are ____________(3) to both developed and developing countries, for example, poor housing, __________(4), traffic congestion and pollution. but there are problems which are __________(5) to developing countries and this is due to the need of these countries to provide a basic infrastructure necessary for ____________(6). the provision of this infrastructure is the urbanization process itself. /
there are five main _____________(7) of this uncontrolled urbanization: firstly, people __________(8) from the country to the city because they see the city as a more __________(9) place to live. secondly, rural areas thus become less ______________(10) and this causes a decrease in the production of food. thirdly, there is a high urban population growth rate. fourthly, there is a dramatic __________(11) on the supply of social services, especially those services related to education and ___________(12), and finally uncontrolled urbanization leads to an ___________(13) of labour supply in the cities.
there are three policies which could __________(14) this kind of uncontrolled urbanization in ____________(15) countries. firstly, to promote a more equal _________(16) distribution. in this way farmers would be more __________(17) to stay on the land. secondly, to improve the supply of social services in the __________(18) areas, particularly in the field of health and education. and thirdly, to give _________(19) assistance to agriculture, especially to the small _________(20).
part b: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
directions: in this part of the test, your will hear 5 english sentences. you will hear the sentences only once. after you have heard each sentence, translate is into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
(1)___________________________________________________________________________
(2)___________________________________________________________________________
(3)___________________________________________________________________________
(4)___________________________________________________________________________
(5)___________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. passage translation /
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 english passages. you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening.
(1)___________________________________________________________________________
(2)___________________________________________________________________________
section 5: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: read the following passages and then answer in complete sentences the questions which follow each passage. use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
questions 1~4 /
a judge condemned european union laws against corporal punishment and the rise in single-parent families as he sent two young arsonists to a secure unit yesterday.
sentencing the boys, aged ten and 13, to two and a half years, judge rodwell qc said in luton crown court that the abolition of corporal punishment in schools had left teachers unable to discipline unruly youngsters, leading to an increase in delinquency.
the boys, who cannot be named for legal reasons, set fire to a neighbour's house as they roamed the streets of a council estate after being expelled from school.
judge rodwell said: "with the best intention in the world corporal punishment has been abolished and indeed that is a requirement of the eu".
"but this has resulted in an extremely unsatisfactory situation. nobody wants children to be flogged but it is no longer possible for a teacher to deal with even a minor incident by a cuff round the ear or a smack on the hand, which is swift and something the child entirely understands and stops minor incidents escalating.
"if the child does not respond to being told not to bring gin into school or beat his mates up the teacher has to go through discipline procedures. if the correct procedures are followed a great deal of verbiage comes out which may satisfy the intelligent niceties of educationists but has no impact on a great number of children. suspension is hardly a sanction." /
the judge expressed concern over single-parent families, and said that children needed two parents. the boys had both come from broken homes. he said:"both children come from homes where a father for a lot of the time was not present. it is often said that in single-parent homes children can be given as much love as they need but that is not the entire answer." /
during their trial last month the court was told that the two boys were among a gang of children who harassed the smith family on the downside estate, dunstable, bedfordshire.
one day, the boys put paper through the letter box and tried to set light to it, but failed. then a woman neighbour, described by the judge as "the neighbour from hell". lent them a lighter so they kicked the door in and started a fire a on a hall table.
the blaze left the house uninhabitable, causing ￡4,000 damage to the building and destroying virtually everything the family owned. the boys denied arson.
1. why were the two boys sent to a secure unit?
2. what is corporal punishment referred to in this passage? cite examples of corporal punishment from the passage.
3. what are the advantages of corporal punishment, according to judge rodwell?
4. explain in your own words the statement "suspension is hardly a sanction" (para. 6)?
question 5~7
five train companies will have to ask for more cash from the next government to run services, according to a report out yesterday.
the study, conducted by a former transport analyst with city accountants coopers and lybrand for save our railways, the pressure group, claimed that many private operators bid so aggressively for train services they will be unable to meet the ambitious targets they have set themselves. /
another four franchises are likely to run into financial difficulties, making losses even if they manage to increase revenues by 16 per cent over seven years.
the loss-making franchises--cardiff railways, west anglia and great northern and south wales and west, thameslink and thames trains--are likely to require more than ￡500m in extra subsidy in order to keep trains running. /
"there has been concern in the rail industry for some time about the way that some of the later franchises were let to bidders who were taking a gamble," said keith bill, national secretary of save our railways.
the city's initial concerns about rail privatisation have meant that many early bids were "given away". south west trains, which introduced an emergency timetable after cutting driver numbers, is predicted to make nearly ￡480m if it grows at 3 per cent a year.
also likely to make bumper profits are great western, which runs express intercity services from london to the west country and could make ￡462m, and french-based company cgea, in line for more than ￡600m from its two commuter services. campaigners point out that opraf, the government body which let out franchises, realised that some would make money and others would run into difficulties.
train companies said that the growth forecasts were too low. "in two years we have increased our takings by 50 per cent," said a spokesman for thames trains. "so we expect to grow for faster than this report estimates."
the analysis should jolt labour's rail policy into life. the speed sell-off of british rail has caught the party off-guard and forced its transport team into a series of embarrassing u-turns--which has culminated in a decision not to take any bankrupt train service into public hands. /
"we will consider all the options and as a last resort we will offer a bankrupt train srvice to private bidders in order to secure the best deal for the taxpayer," said a sopkeswoman for andrew smith, the shadow secretary of state of transport.
senior railway managers point out that this would mean that the labour party would be forced into paying more subsidy.
5. why are some train companies likely to make losses even if they manage to increase revenue?
6. what does the sentence "many early bids were `given away'" (para. 6) mean?
7. according to the passage, what are the impacts of the speed privatisation of british rail on the labour party? /
question 8~10
the message in london's singles flat market is clear if you can find anything you like then buy now, dixie nichols writes.
london is seeing "a vibrant and wealthy singles flat market" according to david salvi of the clerkenwell agents hurford, salvi and carr. the middle market flat agents douglas & gordon and chestertons both say prices in the sector are up 20 per cent on a year ago, both say this sector has improved by 20 per cent in the past 12 months, and both have a backlog of buyers. /
melissa carter, of douglas & gordon's battersea office, says: "what was a good offer two months ago looks about right now. the deals are holding and valuers (who had been acting as a brake) are now prepared to follow."
buyers in the singles market come wielding big deposits (up to a third of the price is not unusual), and frequently leapfrog the studio and one-bed flats starting in at two beds. often the second bed is let to a friend to take the sting out of the mortgage. /
although agents complain of there not being enough stock, there is a steady influx from the commercial block conversions. the new wave of developments is hitting the market now.
the market is hungry and snaps up anything well priced. the ziggurat building in clerkenwell, north london, sold all 34 units in its first phase within an hour of opening its doors, but the price was exceptional-- ￡140 a sq ft when most schemes hover at ￡200 to ￡250.
the developers' headline price may not have shot up in the past year but the amount of space you get for your money has been shaved, when sapcote's beauchamp building in hatton garden, central london, was introduced last september the shell sizes of 1,200 to 1,400 sq ft were said to be far too small. when launched in january the market was impressed by their size.
london flat agents have no problem in forecasting a 10 per cent rise over the next 12 months despite election wobbles. it may be better than that: simon agace of winkworth, says: "the top of the flat market has already followed the house market's summer spring and the middle range will follow."
8. what is implied in the message "if you can find anything you like then buy now."?
9. why do buyers often choose the two-bed flats?
10. what does the example of "sapcote's beauchamp building in hatton gardon, central london" tell us?
section 6: listening test (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into english and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵
贯市区，泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。
距市区七公里的太湖梅梁景区是太湖风景之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处”。
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sectlon1: listenlng test (30 minutes)
part a: spot dictation/
1. produce fuel 2. four main areas3. a possible solution4. look at the oil crisis5. alternative energy sources 6. fossil fuels7. harnessing of wind and waves8. human and animal waste9. conversion of plant material10. a large agriculture sector11. possiblility of using12. in the production of alcohol13. has fallen dramatically14. in the last decade15. dependent on16. using their sugar17. relatively economical18. other starchy plants19. in tropical countries20. corn and sugar beet
part b: listening comprehension
1-5 b d c a b6-10 d b c a b11-15 c d b a b16-20 a b b d b
part b: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
1. 纽约市的主要部分是个岛，你只能通过隧道或桥才能接近它。
2. 在中心城区泊车收费十分高昂，因此大多数人 驱车进城要犹豫再三。
3. 我是伦敦总公司来的销售代表，我想与你详细讨论一下销售合 。
4. 中国是世界上第三大国，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，有4000 多年不间断的历史。
5. 由于政府采取的新措施，在过去5 年内，该国的旅游业年平均增长率为10％。
Ⅱ. passage translation
1. 终生教育的想法是可行的，因为我们决不会因年纪太大而不能继续学习。当然，这里会有某些限制，但不是年龄上的限制。例如，有人年过60 还想学踢足球。他这样做 是愚蠢的，但这仅仅因为是他的身体太老了，而不是智力的退化。
2. 现在，很难知道该去哪儿投资。不断变化的利率、银行收费以及各种不的投资账户，让人感到十分困惑。所以当您知道，在北方银行有友好、专业水准的服务，保证使您如何处置自己的钱财作出正确的决策，岂非一件大好事？我们可以在诸如保险、抵押和退休金等一系列项目上向您提供咨询。请随时光临北方银行各分行。我们将高兴地见到您！
section 5：reading test
1. because they set fire to a neighbour's house, causing 4000 pound and damage destroying everything the family owned.
2. the corporal punishment mentioned in this passage refers to beating of children/pupils youngsters as a form of punishment when they behave badly. the examples cited in the passage are flogging/whipping, cuffing round/slapping the ear and smacking on the hand.
3. according to judge rodwell, minor forms of corporal punisnment are“swift”and direct, which can easily lead children to understand their misdemeanour/bad behavior and stop“minor incidents escalating”.
4. here,“suspension is hardly a sanction”means“ordering the pupil to leave school for a short period is not an effective punishment.”it can not stop the minor incidents/ offence and is of no educational/ disciplinary significance to children. as a result, it has almost no impact on many children.
5. because these train companies put up very high bidding price and profit target in order to win the bids. therefore, even the 16 percent increase of revenue over seven years will not be enough to cover the bidding cost and profit target they promised.
6. in the earlier bidding of these franchises, the bidding conditions were more favourable to the bidders. the train services were either“free of charge”or sold at a very low price.
7. it has caught the party off-hand and forced its transport team into embarrassing u-turns./ they would/will make big changes in their rail policy and would have to pay more subsidy to some train services.
8. as the price of singles flat is on the rise, it is time for prospective buyers to make quick decisions when they find both the price and the flat are acceptable.
9. buyers often choose two-bed flats so that the other bed can be let to a friend. in this way, they can use the rent collected to pay the mortgage and to lower their own burden.
10. this example shows the effects of rising price of singles flat. when the price was still quite low, people felt the shell sizes of 1200 to 1400 sq ft were quite small. with the rising price, they felt such sizes were acceptable (otherwise they would have to pay much more for their “ideal”sizes)
section 6:translation test
like a bright pearl set on the taihu lake and situated in the center of the beautiful and fertile changjiang delta in southern jiangsu province, wuxi is one of china's major tourist cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque scenery. cutting through the city is the beijing-hangzhou grand canal, an ancient project equal in fame to the great wall. a trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the customs and life styles of the local people.
seven kilometers from downtown wuxi is a popular scenic area known as meiliang. there, the taihu lake is at its best: the vast expanse of blue waters is dotted by fishing boats against an enchanting background of mist-shrouded hills. of the scenic spots in the area, the huge rock named yuantouzhu resembles a turtle's head. the rock commands a distant view of the boundless taihu lake. it is lauded by guo moruo, a renowned chinese poet, as the“best spot of the taihu lake”.
听力测试题录音文字稿:
section 1: listening test
part a: spot dictation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear the passage only once. now let's begin part a with spot dictation.
today i'm going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to produce fuel and in considering this problem i will look at four main areas: the historical background to the problem, the economies involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and a possible solution to a potential problem.
in considering the historical background we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. many countries' have looked for alternative energy sources to make them independent of other countries fossil fuels. examples of alternative energy sources include such things as solar power, the harnessing of wind and waves, and also the production of biogas. biogas is methane which is produced from human and animal waste.
a particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the coversion of plant material to alcohol. this is interesting because in many developing countries there is a large agricultural sector and at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the possibility of using the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries. /
research is going on in the production of alcohol, for example, from sugar and there are two main economic reasons for this. first of all, the world price of sugar has fallen dramatically or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade. this has caused a problem for those economies which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives them an alternative possibility for using their sugar. and secondly sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol, therefore, it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling alcohol from it. /
in addition to sugar there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol, for example in tropical countries such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as corn and sugar beet.
part b: listening comprehension
directions: in this part of the test, there will be some short talks and conversations. after each one, you will be asked some questions. the talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. now let's begin part b with listening comprehension. /
questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation
f: er…roughly, mr. andrew simpson, when did you begin collecting badges?
m: at my primary school, i think. the teachers used to give out badges to pupils who were particularly good at certain things. so i got a little blue badge with the word “swimming ”on it, and then another one i remember—it was green—which had the word“tidy”on it! ha!
f: and have you still got those badges in your collection?
m: no… well, i've got the swimming badge, but i think i was so untidy that i must have lost the tidy badge years ago!
f: and you started collecting badges, then, from that, the age of about nine?
m: er, yeah, i guess so… eight or nine or so. that's right. in those days—we're talking about the early fifties—there weren't so many cars around as there are today. so filling stations didn't have so many customers. so the petrol companies used to give out badges. i suppose they thought that kids whose parents had a car would keep asking them to go to a particular filling station so that they could get another free badge. my dad bought our first car in 1954. i think it was—a black ford popular—and every time i went out with him in it i used to ask him to go to a different petrol station so that i could add more to my growing badge collection. actually, he was a very shy man, my father, and i'm sure he didn't like asking for free things…
f: so petrol company badges were the first ones in your collection, weren they?
m: after “swimming”and “tidy”, yeah…but soon all sorts of companies started making badges to advertise their products, even cigarette companies. i've got one in my collection for wills's woodbines—they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days—and on the badge, at the bottom, it says,“smoked by millions”—no health warnings in those days…
f: how did you start collecting foreign badges?
m: i started traveling! actually, i have to say that as a teenager i rather lost interest in badges and in fact i threw away a lot… or, er lost quite a lot… ones which would be rather valuable today. but when i left university i got a job in austria and whenever i had aholiday, i used to take cheap trips to countries in eastern europe. badges are very popular there and i soon started collecting again. i've got some really beautiful badges from czechoslovakia and the soviet union, and some lovely ones from yugoslavia, too.
f: do people in eastern europe wear badges or do they just collect them?
m: oh, they wear themjust like we do. /
f: why do you think people do wear badges?
m: well, i think there are probably three main reasons. i think some people wear them to show that they belong to something. you know, like a group or a club or an association of some sort… like the rotary club or a trade union. and then i think people wear badges for they have something to say to the world. to tell people what they think—political or religious badges—which show what kind of person the wearer is, what he or she believes in, what they want to communicate… or badges which say things like, er,“please don't smoke near me”or“i'm a vegetarian”. i think that sort of badge is very popular these days.
f: you said you thought there were three main reasons why people wear badges…
m: oh, yes. well, the third reason, i think, is to show everyone else where you ve been… you know, badges which say things like “i've been to disneyland”. a lot of people put stickers like that on their cars, too. there are other reason, of course but i think they re the main ones.
question no.1. what colour was the“tidy”badge?
question no.2. which badge does andrew simpson think he has lost?
question no.3. when do you think andrew simpson was born?/
question no.4. what is the slogan on the wills's woodbines badge?
question no.5. how many main reasons are given by andrew simpson for people to wear badges?
question 6 to 10 are based on the following news
it's 12 noon and here are this lunch-time s main stories.
the work-to-rule by air-traffic controllers is now affecting the majority of britain's airports. some 75% of all flights leaving heathrow airport this morning were delayed, and it was a similar story at gatwick, manchester, glasgow and edinburgh. passengers bound for european destinations were the worst hit. a british airways spokesman claimed that they were managing to clear a backlog of breakfast-time flights by mid-morning, but such large-scale delays were causing havoc with schedules for later flights because aircraft were in the wrong place at the wrong time. the spokesman praised passengers for the great patience they have shown so far. the outlook for those traveling today or tomorrow, at least, is not very cheerful, at the advised times. the controllers, who began their action at midnight last night, are protesting against what they claim to be inadequate and potentially dangerous manning levels at the country's main air-traffic control centers.
latest government figures show a slight improvement in the unemployment situation. the number of registered unemployed fell by just over 12,000 last month; the first drip there has been in the total, this year.
the opposition, however, claims that when the number of students who left the register to return to colleges and universities is taken into account, there was a substantial increase in the number of long-term unemployed. mr. eric watkins, the shadow employment spokesman, said that today's figures present a totally unrealistic picture of the unemployment situation.“there is no real decrease in unemployment, nor in the suffering and misery of thousands of families in this country”, said mr. watkins. he called on the government to take positive steps, in next month's budget, towards revitalizing the depressed.
police in north london are looking for a gang of armed robbers who got away with over $14 million-worth of jewllery in a raid on a hampsstead jeweller's this morning. staff who arrived to open the shop at 8:30 were held at gun-point by the gang, who proceeded to empty display cabinets and the safe. they made their escape in a white jaguar car which was later found abandoned in nearby finchley. /
three men died and woman and child were seriously injured in an accident which happened on the a 11 near norwich. their car was in a head-on collision with an articulated lorry. the lorry driver escaped with minor injuries and was released from hospital in norwich after treatment for cuts and bruises. police are appealing for witnesses to the accident, which happened at about 7:30 this morning.
question no.6. about what percentage of all flights leaving heathrow airport this morning were delayed?
question no.7. what are air-traffic controllers protesting against?
question no.8. according to the government, how is the unemployment situation now?
question no.9. according to the news, what was stolen by a gang of armed raiders in north london?
question no.10. who died in the accident which happened near norwich?
question 11 to 15 are based on the following interview
i=interviewer, e=edward epstein /
i: like me, you've probably always believed that diamonds—those gorgeous, brilliant, shining—jewels—are precious because they re both beautiful and rare. it's the demand for rare gems that makes them expensive. well, the author of the death of the diamond is an american writer and journalist, edward j. epstein and, when i met him in his apartment in new york earlier this year, he soon put me right on a few things.
e: diamonds are not rare at all. they're one of the most common minerals in the crust of the earth. in fact, if you think about it, there are more diamonds in america, or england, than any other commodity, than families with children. there are more diamonds than dishwashers or other appliances. almost every family, a least in america, has a diamond.
i: if that's so, why is it that diamonds should be so expensive?
e: well, diamonds are expensive because there's monopoly that has tried to fix the price of diamonds and they charge a rent for getting married. it's a marriage rent. because you think it's symbolic and important for the marriage, you're willing to buy a little pebble, that you wouldn't buy in store if you weren't getting married, and pay $1000. it's sort of a private marriage license.
i: edward epstein's book is an expose of that monopoly. the corporation in question is de beers; the south african company that exercises extraordinary control over the world's diamonds are found in many places in the world; there have recently been big finds in australia, for example. but, de beer's main suppliers outside south africa are, surprisingly, the russians and, as is better known, black african states, such as zaire, angola and tanzania. de beer's policy for dealing with these unlikely allies is very simple.
e: de beers makes an offer to buy up all the diamonds in the world at a set price.and, because it controls the means of cutting, the means of distribution, the means of credit and financing for diamonds, most african countries find it worthwhile to sell to de beers. de beers then puts it all in a central stockpile and then redistributes it to the diamond cutters in belgium, in england and israel, and other places.
i: it seems quite extraordinary to think that black african nations, which are, presumably, pledged to the downfall of south africa should have this constant arrangement with a south africorporation.
e: well, it's one of the many ironies of the diamond business (is) that south africa is, in a sense, dependent on black africa, especially zaire, not to compete with it. but i have a feeling that this relationship goes deeper than merely diamonds; that south africa is an important economic force in all of southern africa.
question no.11. who is edward epstein? /
question no.12. according to edward epstein, why are diamonds so expensive?
question no.13. what is de beer's corporation?
question no.14. which country is one of de beer s main suppliers outside south africa?
question no 15. which of the following best expresses the main idea of the interview?
questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk
there is no doubt that the computer has enlarged man's working capacity as well as his intellectual capacity enormously. er… but it brings with it dangers to match the benefits. now by this, i mean danger to physical and mental well-being of the people who wiork at computer terminals, not the dangers to personal privacy or national or industrial security. /
there's one very alarming set of statistics which come from a survey done in the uk on 800 pregnant women, who happened to use computer terminals for a major part of their working day. about 35% of the subjects there had some severe abnormality during the pregnancy, enough to make a termination necessary. now these figures compare significantly with a control group of pregnant women of the same age but who did not work with computer terminals. the incidence of severe abnormalities in their case was only 16%. this survey confirms similar investigations carried out in denmark, canada, australia and the usa. now, no one yet has a clear idea about the exact connection between working with computer terminals and the problems with pregnancy, but the figures at least suggest that there's well a cause for alarm.
in more general terms, increased stress and disturbances to vision have been noted in workers exposed for long periods to the video screen, and in many countries trade unions of workers involved with computers have laid down their own guidelines to protect members health. erm… for instance, rest periods, or a change of activity from time to time are recommended, and the termial should be placed so that there's a source of natural light, and something else to look at, emm, no blank walls behind the terminal, in other words, so that the operator has a chance to rest his eyes from time to time.
ironically, it seems that it's not only those who work with computers who are at risk. er… there's perhaps more danger for people who use computers for interest or pleasure in their own homes. now, it's obviously not possible to impose in the privacy of people's homes the sort of sateguards that can be applied in the working environment. most people get so fascinated by what they are doing that they stay in front of the screen for hours on end; some are real fanatics!
question no.16. what is the talk mainly about? /
question no.17. during the survey mentioned in the talk, what percentage of the women were found to suffer severe abnormality in pregnancy?
question no.18. in which country was this survey conducted?
question no.19. which of the following is not mentioned in the talk as a risk to health?
question no.20. according to the talk, why are amateur computer users in greater danger than professional ones.
section 4：litening test
part a: note-taking and gap-filling
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a short talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate answer booklet. you are required to write one word or figure only in each blank. you will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk. now listen to the talk carefully.
today i want to discuss problems of urbanization and in particular i want to talk about those problems which are peculiar to developing economies and to discuss three possible policies which could be used to control or to stem uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries. /
certain urban problems of course are common to both developed and developing countries, for example, problems of poor housing, unemployment and those problems connected with traffic, for example, congestion, pollution and so on. however there are problems which are very peculiar to developing economies and this is due to the fact the developing countries need to create a basic infrastructure which is necessary for industrialization and consequently for economic growth. in fact it is the provision of this infrastructure which constitutes the urbanization process itself and this infrastructure or the provision of this infrastructure may have undesired effects on the economy as a whole. now it's these consequences on these effects which um i'd like to deal with next.
i'm going to talk about five main consequences of this uncontrolled urbanization.
in the first instance there's the problem of the migration of people from the country to the city. of course people living in the country see the city as a more desirable place to live, whether they are living in developing or developed countries. but the problem is much more serious in a developing country because there are in fact often more people who wish to migrate to the city. now the fact of people migrating to the city causes a certain depopulation of rural areas. this is a second consequence if you like, and the result of this is a decrease in the production of food and in the supply of food to the country as a whole. this can in turn also lead to a rise in prices because of the law of supply and demand. /
as a result of people moving to the city you get a high urban population growth rate. now this is due not only to the fact of more adults moving to the city but can also be due to traditions of these people from the country because often people from rural areas have a tradition of large families and so on and so the population of the cities increases with these numerous children of the large families.
this leads to a fourth consequence which is a dramatic pressure on the supply of social services in urban areas, in particular services related to health and education. in relation a health services we can see that there are endemic diseases which could be made worse by overcrowding people coming from the country to the city, and in the stresses on services in education, with more children there's need for more schools schools and more teachers and so on.
a fifth area which is affected by uncontrolled urbanization is that of the labour supply, and often uncontrolled urbanization leads to an excess of labour supply in the cities. this can lead to, in turn, an informal kind of labour activities of, if you like, what might be called lowproductivity activities. for example people selling things in the streets or you often find for instance in large urban areas in developing countries children watching cars and so on and asking for tips from their owners when they come back. this is really a sort of undesirable type of labour. /
so those are in fact the main consequences of uncontrolled urbanization. now i'd like to talk more on the three possible policies which could be developed to stem this kind of uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.
the first one would be to promote a more equal land distribution. in this way farmers would be more motivated to stay on the land. they would be able to work more land, and thus be able to feed their families more adequately. often the reasons why farmers wish to go to the city is that they cannot grow enough food to both feed their families and earn a living. so a more equal land distribution is one such policy to stem this kind of move to the city. /
a second policy would be to improve the supply of social services in the rural areas particularly in the field of health and education. country people often move to the coity because they feel that these services are better in the city areas and if they could compare the services and feel that there was perhaps not much difference between the two, it would be another reson for not moving.
a third possible policy would be to give financial assistance to agriculture especially to the small landowners.
part b: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation /
directions: in this part or test, you will hear 5 english sentences. you will hear the sentences only once. after you have heard each sentence, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
sentence no.1. the main part of new york city is an island and you have to approach it either by tunnel or bridge.
sentence no.2. parking in downtown areas is so dreadfully expensive, so most people think twice about bringing their cars into the city.
sentence no.3. i'm a sales representative from our head office in london and i'd like to discuss the sales contract in detail with you.
sentence no.4. china is the third largest country in the world, next only to russia and canada, with an uninterrupted history going back over four thousand years.
sentence no.5. as a result of these new measures taken by the government, this country's tourist industry has seen an average 10 percent annual growth rate over the past five years.
Ⅱ. passage translation
direction: in this part of the test, you will hear two english passages. you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening. now let's begin passage translation with the first passage. /
passage 1:
the idea of permanent education is practical because we re never really too old to go on learning. of course, there are certain limits, but they aren't age limits. for example, let's say a man past sixty tries to learn how to play football. it's foolish for him to do that, but only because his body is too old, not his mind!
passage 2: /
these days, it's difficult to know where to invest. it's all very confusing with changing interest rates, bank charges and different types ofinvestment account. so isn't it nice to know that at the northern bank there is friendly, professional help available to make sure you make the right decisions about how to handle your money? we can also advise you on a whole range of matters such as insurance, mortgages and pensions. pop into your northern bank branch. we'll be pleased to see you!
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