英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考
section 1: listening test (40 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the correspo nding spa ce in you answer booklet. remember you will hear the passage only once.
many people nowadays are concerned about violence on television. most of them fear that it stimulates (1) to violent or aggressive acts. however, in my lecture today, i d like to show you, from our (2), that the consequences of experiencing television s symbolic world of violence can be much (3).
we have found that television dramatically demonstrates not only the (4) in our society, but also the risks involved in breaking society's rules.violence-filled programs on television show us who (5) what, and against whom. these programs teach the role of victim, and help us to accept violence as (6) which we must learn to live with or (7).
we have found that people who watch a lot of television see the real world as more (8) than those who watch very little. heavy tv viewers are (9) of strangers on the street and more fearful of the world. their fear may well bring increasing demands for (10), and election of law-and-order politicians. when we asked viewers to (11) their own chances of being involved in some type of violence during any given week, they provide (12) that television can induce fear and alertness: the heavy viewers were (13) percent more likely than the light viewers to pick such fearful estimates as 50-50 or one in 10, (14) a more plausible one in 100. /
we have found that violence on prime-time (15) cultivates exaggerated assumptions about the (16) in the real world.fear is a universal emotion, and naturally, easy to (17). the exaggerated sense of risk and insecurity my lead to increasing demands for protection, and to (18) for the use of force by established authority. therefore, instead of stimulating individual (19) and threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of (20).
part b: listening comprehension
Ⅰ. statements
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short statements.these statements will be spoken only once, and you will not find them written on the paper;so you must listen carefully.when you hear's statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
1. (a) i was the last to know about the mba program.
(b) i learned a great deal from the mba program.
(c) i misunderstood only the most difficult part of the program. /
(d) i dropped out of the program because it was difficult.
2. (a) our fall schedule will be discussed next monday and tuesday.
(b) the vice president has more meetings than her assistants do.
(c) the vice president and her assistants are not available on monday and tuesday.
(d) the vice president and her assistants usually have full schedules two days a week.
3. (a) few people did shopping at the supermarket because of the holiday break.
(b) most people did not like shopping during the holiday break.
(c) the general manager was surprised that people paid little attention to his supermarkets.
(d) the general manager did not expect to see so many customers at his supermarkets.
4. (a) i don t think he has the qualifications for such a post.
(b) i am not sure if he has enough money to pay his college tuition. /
(c) he is not qualified to teach in the advanced computing program.
(d) he takes courses in computing because he needs more qualifications.
5. (a) nothing can stop jack from buying that projector.
(b) the projector is so old that it becomes useless.
(c) repairing the projector is quite easy for jack.
(d) jack has checked and found nothing in the projector.
6. (a) jenny and i do not get along because of our differences of opinion.
(b) jenny and i usually get up early most of the mornings.
(c) jenny and i can generally have a harmonious relationship.
(d) jenny and i do not get along because we make no effort to do so.
7. (a) typing the memorandum is sometimes unnecessary.
(b) you will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time.
(c) the first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory. /
(d) the first draft of the memorandum is better than the second. one.
8. (a) the study of inflation has interested both economists and government officials.
(b) the rate of inflation is higher than they expected.
(c) economists can not slow down the inflation rate.
(d) government officials and economists do not agree on the inflation rate.
9. (a) our company will arrange an exhibit for the science and technology week.
(b) our company has been upset by the city authorities' final decision.
(c) we are displeased with the arrangement of the science and technology week.
(d) we have dissuaded the city authorities from setting up the week s display.
10. (a) scientists have found a cure for the common cold in the past century.
(b) scientific discoveries were often misunderstood by the common people.
(c) scientists have yet to discover effective ways to conquer the cold virus.
(d) scientist have been unable to explain the cold climate in the past century.
Ⅱ. talks and conversations
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. after each of these,you will hear a few question.listen carefully,because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions only once.when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
questions 11~14
11. (a) she received an emergency call the previous day.
(b) she has never been to the city before.
(c) she was invited to attend a wedding ceremony.
(d) she d like to spend the weekend there.
12. (a) in a minute. (b) in less than half an hour.
(c) at 111:13. (d) at noon.
13. (a) someone to talk with (b) interesting books to read.
(c) something to eat and drink. (d) puzzles and crossword games.
14. (a) thirteen pennies. (b) fifty pennies.
(c) a pound. (d) half price. /
question 15~18
15. (a) winter. (b) spring.
(c) summer. (d) fall.
16. (a) 150 kilometres. (b) 240 kilometres.
(c) 300 kilometres.. (d) 480 kilometres.
17. (a) it is cold and dry,
(b) it has a variety of climates.
(c) it is largely predictable.
(d) it snows in winter and rains in summer.
18. (a) because they have milder and warmer climates.
(b) because they have built more holiday inns and hotels.
(c) because they are located in the tropical region.
(d) because they are abundant in cheap flowers and vegetables.
questions 19~22
19. (a) they don't like food from other countries.
(b) they don't bother much about what they eat.
(c) they fell that their food is better than any other in the world.
(d) they really enjoy tinned and frozen foods.
20. (a) snack. (b) breakfast. /
(c) lunch. (d) dinner.
21. (a) eat out in a foreign restaurant. (b) prepare a big meal at home.
(c) tour around the world (d) give a birthday party.
22. (a) because it is full of foreign tourists.
(b) because it has got a lot of foreign restaurants.
(c) because it is an ideal place for buying frozen foods.
(d) because it has attracted many college students.
questions 23~26
23. (a) it is a free meal offered by tv producers.
(b) it is an evening meal to strengthen the family relationship.
(c) it is a kind of snack food, especially for tv viewers.
(d) it can be prepared by children, regardless of their age.
24. (a) the preparation stage and the eating stage.
(b) the preparation stage and the clean-up stage.
(c) the eating stage and the clean-up stage.
(d) the watch-tv stage and the talking stage. /
25. (a) they helped with setting the dinner table.
(b) they washed and cut the vegetables and meats.
(c) they watched tv programs in the sitting room.
(d) they went out to buy tv dinners for the family.
26. (a) just a few minutes. (b) about 20 minutes.
(c) over 30 minutes. (d) as long as the commercial break lasts
questions 27~30
27. (a) a wine-bar attendant. (b) a musical artist.
(c) a computer programmer. (d) an accountant.
28. (a) central london. (b) north london.
(c) south-east london. (d) west london.
29. (a) playing the piano. (b) teaching music.
(c) managing concerts. (d) helping to run a charity.
30. (a) doing a home concert.
(b) finding a part-time job.
(c) giving piano recitals in the north. /
(d) entering for a competition.
part c: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 5 english sentences.you will hear the sentences only once. after you have heard each sentence,translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Ⅱ. passage translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages, you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening. /
(1)
(2)
section 2: study skills (50 minutes)
directions: in this section, you will read several passages. each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.you are to choose one best answer, (a), (b), (c) or (d), to each question.answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer your have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 1~5
some children do not like school. so what else is new? but in japan that familiar aversion has reached alarming proportions. about 50,000 unhappy youngsters a year (out of a total school-age population of 20 million) suffer what japanese behavioral experts call school phobia. school phobia is distinguished from other common childhood and adolescent psychological and emotional disorders by the patient's reaction to, and fear of, the idea of going to school. typically, it begins with fever, sweating, headaches, and diarrhoea; it often progresses to complete physical inertia, depression, and even autism.
a doctor on a house call found a thirteen-year-old tokyo boy who had not been to school in more than a year. he lives in a darkened room, receiving his food through a slot under the door and lashing out violently at his parents if they came too close. once the boy was placed in a psychiatric ward treatment, he again became an open, seemingly healthy youngster. when he was sent home, however, his symptoms returned, and he was never able to go back to school.
school phobia can be cured, usually with tranquilizers and psychotherapy. rehabilitation takes about two years. yet victims who are put in clinics or mental wards often prefer to stay there. their day is filled with activities like knitting, painting, music, free time, and sports. nurses try to create a familiar environment in which the children can feel that they are taking a certain amount of responsibility for their lives and can find some sense of self-worth.
the causes of school phobia are not precisely known. in a few severe cases brain disorders have been diagnosed. a more common factor may be the overprotective japanese mother who, some psychiatrists say, leaves her children ill-prepared to face the real world. many researchers point to the unrelenting pressures for success faced by both children and adults in japan, where stress-related disorders of all sorts are common. in addition, the japanese educational system is one of the world's most rigid, suppressing a child's individual creative and analytical development. says dr. hitoshi ishikawa, head of the department of psychosomatic medicine at tokyo university, “the problem won t be cured until japanese society as a whole is cured of its deep-rooted social ills.”
1. the author chooses to write about school phobia because .
(a) it is something new in japan.
(b) most children have developed the disease /
(c) its symptoms are not easily perceptible
(d) an alarming proportion of japanese children suffer from it
2. which of the following is the purpose of the second paragraph?
(a) to show that school phobia can be cured.
(b) to suggest a way to deal with school phobia.
(c) to describe the cause of school phobia.
(d) to present a typical case of school phobia.
3. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
(a) school phobia, which is widespread in many countries, is no cause for alarm.
(b) the problem of school phobia in japan can not be solved unless it gets rid of its social evils.
(c) despite school phobia the japanese educational system remains on of the best in the world.
(d) unrelenting pressures in the japanese society contribute greatly to success.
4. from the last paragraph, we know that the causes of school phobia .
(a) can be easily determined
(b) are complex and manifold
(c) lie exclusively in the japanese educational system
(d) originate from the japanese way of bringing up children
5. the world “unrelenting” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
(a) unreasoning (b) continuous /
(c) limitless (d) unpleasant
questions 6~10
i left hospital in a taxi on the tenth day with octavia in my arms and lydia by my side. i was excited at the thought of getting home and having my baby to myself, but the cold of the outside air must have startled her, for she began to scream and screech violently in the taxi, and when we got home i did not quite know what to do. in hospital she had always been so quiet and sweet. i laid her down in her basket, but the mattress was a different shape from the hospital cot, and she looked strange and uncomfortable and screamed all the more fiercely. she looked odd, too, in her own viyella nighties, after the regulation garments she had worn all her life until that afternoon. she went on and on crying, and i began to think that she would never adapt to real life.lydia was getting almost as worried as i was,and after a while she said,as we both sate miserably and watched this small furious person,“why don t you feed her? that would shut her up, wouldn't it?”
i looked at my watch; it was half past four. /
“it's not time to feed her yet,” i said. “in hospital, we had to feed them on the dot at five.”
“oh,”said lydia,“half an hour one way or the other can't make much difference.”
“don't you think so?” i said. “but then she'll wake half an hour early at the next feed, and the next, and the next, and then what will i do?”
“it wouldn't matter, would it?”
“i don't know. i somehow feel thins would get all muddled and never get straight again. she was good and reasonable in hospital. and then she'll get confused, and how will she ever know when it's night time? how will she ever learn that it s night?” /
“i should feed her,” said lydia. “it looks to me as though she's going to have a fit.”
i didn't think she would have a fit, but i couldn t stand the sound of her crying, so i picked her out and fed her, and she became quiet at once, and fell asleep afterwards looking as though her mattress and nightdress were very comfortable after all. on the other hand, she did wake half an hour early at the next feed, and went on and on waking earlier, until we worked right back round the clock, for the truth was that she never went four hours but only three and a half. looking back on it, it doesn't seem to matter at all, but it seemed very important at the time. i remember. it took her ages, moreover, to learn about night and day, and in the end i concluded that they and been giving her secret bottles in the night at the hospital.
however, on the whole, things worked out very well. i had a subsidized home help to begin with, and after a fortnight or so this woman whom lydia had discovered, an amiable fat lady named mrs jennings, came in two days a week while dashed off to the library between feeds. mrs jennings adored babies, and i found that all her chat little darling tiny things, and where's here little tootsie, fell quite naturally and indeed gratefully upon my ears. /
6. octavia looked odd to her mother because .
(a) the viyella nighties were newly bought
(b) her nightie was the wrong size
(c) her clothes weren't her usual ones
(d) the mattress was bigger than the one in the cot
7. why did lydia suggest feeding the baby?
(a) she found it was almost feeding time.
(b) she obviously didn't like the noise.
(c) she could see octavia was hungry.
(d) she believed it was better to feed her more.
8. the mother didn t want to feed the crying baby because the thought .
(a) it was too early to feed her
(b) the baby wanted to be fed at five
(c) the baby couldn't be hungry at the moment
(d) it would stop the baby sleeping at night
9. the mother believed that in the hospital .
(a) they had told her all the truth
(b) they had confused the baby
(c) the baby had been underfed at night
(d) there were things she hadn t been told /
10. we learn from the passage that mrs. jennings .
(a) first came in on a fortnight s trial
(b) helped the author with the baby
(c) was found by lydia in the library
(d) was not qualified for baby-sitting
questions 11~15
when the television is good, nothing — not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers nothing is better. but when television is bad, nothing is worse. in invite you to sit down it front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. i can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland.you will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,blood and thunder,mayhem,more violence, sadism, murder,western badmen,western goodmen, private eyes, gangster, still more violence,and cartoons.and endlessly, commercials that scream and cajole and offend. and most of all, boredom. true, you will see a few things you will enjoy. but they will be very,very few.and if you think i exaggerate, try it. /
is there no room on television to teach,to inform,to uplift,to stretch,to enlarge the capacities of our children? is there no room for programs to deepen the children understatanding of children in other lands? is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding ?is there no room of reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom?
there are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. must these be your trademarks? search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.
there are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. you will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a western and a symphony, more people will watch the western. i like westerns and private eyes, too but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. we all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. but your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. you are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation.you must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. it is not enough to cater to the nation's whims you must also serve the nation's needs.the people own the air. they own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o'clock in the morning. for every hour that the people give you you owe them something. i intend to see that your debt is paid with service.
11. the word “wasteland” (para.1) is used to describe .
(a) western badlands (b) average television programs
(c) tv film studios (d) theatrical plays
12. concerning programs for children, it may be inferred that the author believes that such programs should .
(a) include no cartoons at all
(b) include cultural and educational elements
(c) be presented without commercial interruption
(d) not deal with the old west
13. the statement “the people own the air.” (para. 4) implies .
(a) since they pay for watching television,they have a right to choose their favorite programs
(b) they want to enjoy fresh air, because the air in the tv studio is polluted
(c) they have the right to insist on worthwhile tv programs
(d) they are obliged to air their views on public affairs
14. which of the following is not suggested in the passage /
(a) the needs of minorities must be met by television.
(b) tv programs should be not only entertaining but also informative.
(c) violence is not a good ingredient for children's television show.
(d) children's television programs are uniformly terrible.
15. the passage is most probably part of .
(a) a scientific report (b) a newspaper editorial
(c) a public speech (d) an academic paper
questions 16~20
with rapid growth identified as the most pressing of global population problems, the scene shifts immediately to villages in rural kenya or urban slums in karaas or bedrooms in sedale where couples are making decisions about their reproductive behavior.unlike other global issues which can be shaped directly by the actions of national and international power brokers, resolution of the problems posed by the magnitude and pace of contemporary population growth in the world ultimately depends upon the actions and behavior of a very large number of individual actors.rapid population growth is the direct result of regular decistions made in private by literally many millions of persons throughout the world.
hence, we are all actors in the population drama. each of us has the potential to aggravate the problem of rapid growth just as each of us can change the distribution of populations simply by moving. population trends therefore represent nothing more than the combined decisions of many individuals, couples,and families.and,because these decisions are shaped and conditioned by commonly held values, goals, and aspirations, there are patterns to them and the actors appear to follow the broad outlines of a script.
it is then evident that efforts to decrease the rate of population growth must eventually influence the decisions and behavior of many millions of couples if they are to be successful. values and attitudes — the script that guides this behavior — must be a altered. to be even more specific, it means that couples, overwhelmingly poor and predominantly rural, in africa, asia, and latin america where population growth is so high, must choose to limit the number of their children to fewer than three and must have the means to accomplish their goal.similarly, couples in europe, north america,and other low-fertility regions must continue to maintain their present patterns of having small families. each couple must stick to its decision for some twenty to thirty years,or throughout their reproductive life span.in the economically less-developed world, this decision will be one that stands in stark contrast to those made by their parents and to the weight of cultural tradition. /
16. it can be concluded from the passage that .
(a) large families may be considered as a heavy burden by the rural poor
(b) the actions of national and international power brokers have an important effect upon the decision made by the rural poor
(c) the actions of those with the highest fertility, the rural poor, ultimately determine the rate of population growth
(d) having large families had more advantages than disadvantages in those poor areas
17. the word “aggravate” (para 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”.
(a) make clear (b) encounter
(c) settle (d) make serious /
18. according to the author, the most effective way to decrease the rate of population growth is .
(a) by making it a national policy that each couple must not give birth to more than three children
(b) by exerting more international pressure upon those high-fertility regions
(c) by modifying the widely held values which guide the actions of many individuals and couples
(d) by providing the rural poor with means for limiting the family size
19. it is obvious that the author of the passage .
(a) shows indifference to the situation in the developed countries
(b) is very concerned about global population problems
(c) feels confident that the problem of population growth can be soon resolved
(d) is pessimistic about the future of those high-fertility
20. the author has written the passage mainly for .
(a) general readers (b) power brokers
(c) economists (d) decision makers
questions 21~25
sixty percent of all ethnic minorities in britain live in london. ethnic minorities only make up a small fraction of britain's population as a whole, but coming to london you could quite easily be mistaken for thinking there were many more.i have taken this for granted having grown up with this fantastic diversity of culture, background and influence. i have people all around me who talk with varying accents,speak different languages,share distinct foods and celebrate special festivals. however, london is far from being without its racial problems.
the campaign against racism and fascism (carf), a london based group,tells me that there is little doubt that,with the massive upsurge of xenophobia against asylum-seekers too, the fallout is affecting anyone perceived to be foreign or different. recent attacks on black people have a ferocity that appalls police and community organizers a like. on march 4th this year, a 19-year-old sudanese student,unconcernedly chatting to his white friend on a bus traveling through wardsworth in south london, was suddenly stabbed in the stomach three times by a white youth brandishing a knife.
police investigations on this and other racist attacks have left many doubting the police's supposed commitment to tackling racial crime.some say it has all been talk about target indicators with few results on the ground. but on march 24th this year, the met. police's racial and violent crimes task force,drawing on the slow,painstaking intelligence on racial harassment gathered by their 32 community safety units,carried out its first large-scale operation.in dawn raids on homes in all over london,one hundred people were arrested for offenses including racially aggravated criminal damage, grievous bodily harm, distributing racist literature and threats to kill. over thirty people have been charged with racial offenses.
every year on our august public holiday,london, especially notting hill, comes alive for the carnival. this celebration of variety, difference and the end of slavery—where i have seen people of all backgrounds,mixing,laughing and dancing together —is,i hope,the future of inter-racial relations in london.
20. the word “this” in “i have taken this for granted” (para. 1) refers to which of the following?
(a) sixty percent of all ethnic minorities in uk live in london.
(b) minorities only constitute a small part of uk's population.
(c) there are more minority people in britain than it appears.
(e) it is unwise for many more to come to london.
21. the killing of the sudanese student is to illustrate .
(a) the brutality of attacks on black people
(b) the fallout affecting anyone in poverty
(c) the traffic problems in south london
(d) the unconcerned attitude of police
23. the word “xenophobia” (para. 2) means “ .”
(a) partiality (b) arbitariness
(c) discrimination (d) antipathy
24. the word “intelligence” (para. 3) is closest in meaning to “ .”
(a) mentality (b) aptitude
(c) information (d) interpretation
25. what is the main topic of this passage?
(a) the increasing rate of crime in london.
(b) the center of england's cultural diversity.
(c) the people's criticism of london police.
(d) the poor inter-racial relations in london.
question 26~30
extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary.according to established formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization.however,the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. for the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. the goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act.shakespeare's hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is picasso's painting guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the spanish civil war or the evils of fascism. what highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.
this is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value,comes to mind. more generally,however,whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the florentine camerata,are of signal historical importance,but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. on the other hand, mozart s the marriage of figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means.it has been said of beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. but a close study of his compositions reveals that beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits — the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as haydn and mozart, handel and bach — in strikingly original ways.
26. the author considers a new scientific theory to be the .
(a) basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulation
(b) byproduct of an aesthetic experience
(c) tool used by a scientist to discover a new particular
(d) result of highly creative scientific activity /
27. the autho implies that beethovens music was strikingly original because beethoven .
(a) strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limits
(b) fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by his own strategy
(c) distorted the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded him
(d) manipulated the established musical conventions in a highly innovative fashion
28. the passage states that the operas of the florentine camerata are .
(a) unjustifiably ignored by musicologists
(b) not generally considered to be of high aesthetic value
(c) among those great works in which popular historical themes were portrayed
(d) often inappropriately cited as examples of great musical works
29. the author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that .
(a) is accepted immediately by the scientific community
(b) dies not relegate particulars to the role of data /
(c) presents a new scientific fact
(d) introduces a new valid generalization
30. the word “transcends”(para.1) in the sentence “highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form…” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(a) go beyond (b) fit into (c) subject to (d) set up
英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考
section 1: listening test (40 minutes)
part a: spot dictation /
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the correspo nding spa ce in you answer booklet. remember you will hear the passage only once.
many people nowadays are concerned about violence on television. most of them fear that it stimulates (1) to violent or aggressive acts. however, in my lecture today, i d like to show you, from our (2), that the consequences of experiencing television s symbolic world of violence can be much (3).
we have found that television dramatically demonstrates not only the (4) in our society, but also the risks involved in breaking society's rules.violence-filled programs on television show us who (5) what, and against whom. these programs teach the role of victim, and help us to accept violence as (6) which we must learn to live with or (7).
we have found that people who watch a lot of television see the real world as more (8) than those who watch very little. heavy tv viewers are (9) of strangers on the street and more fearful of the world. their fear may well bring increasing demands for (10), and election of law-and-order politicians. when we asked viewers to (11) their own chances of being involved in some type of violence during any given week, they provide (12) that television can induce fear and alertness: the heavy viewers were (13) percent more likely than the light viewers to pick such fearful estimates as 50-50 or one in 10, (14) a more plausible one in 100. /
we have found that violence on prime-time (15) cultivates exaggerated assumptions about the (16) in the real world.fear is a universal emotion, and naturally, easy to (17). the exaggerated sense of risk and insecurity my lead to increasing demands for protection, and to (18) for the use of force by established authority. therefore, instead of stimulating individual (19) and threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of (20).
part b: listening comprehension
Ⅰ. statements
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short statements.these statements will be spoken only once, and you will not find them written on the paper;so you must listen carefully.when you hear's statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
1. (a) i was the last to know about the mba program.
(b) i learned a great deal from the mba program.
(c) i misunderstood only the most difficult part of the program. /
(d) i dropped out of the program because it was difficult.
2. (a) our fall schedule will be discussed next monday and tuesday.
(b) the vice president has more meetings than her assistants do.
(c) the vice president and her assistants are not available on monday and tuesday.
(d) the vice president and her assistants usually have full schedules two days a week.
3. (a) few people did shopping at the supermarket because of the holiday break.
(b) most people did not like shopping during the holiday break.
(c) the general manager was surprised that people paid little attention to his supermarkets.
(d) the general manager did not expect to see so many customers at his supermarkets.
4. (a) i don t think he has the qualifications for such a post.
(b) i am not sure if he has enough money to pay his college tuition. /
(c) he is not qualified to teach in the advanced computing program.
(d) he takes courses in computing because he needs more qualifications.
5. (a) nothing can stop jack from buying that projector.
(b) the projector is so old that it becomes useless.
(c) repairing the projector is quite easy for jack.
(d) jack has checked and found nothing in the projector.
6. (a) jenny and i do not get along because of our differences of opinion.
(b) jenny and i usually get up early most of the mornings.
(c) jenny and i can generally have a harmonious relationship.
(d) jenny and i do not get along because we make no effort to do so.
7. (a) typing the memorandum is sometimes unnecessary.
(b) you will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time.
(c) the first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory. /
(d) the first draft of the memorandum is better than the second. one.
8. (a) the study of inflation has interested both economists and government officials.
(b) the rate of inflation is higher than they expected.
(c) economists can not slow down the inflation rate.
(d) government officials and economists do not agree on the inflation rate.
9. (a) our company will arrange an exhibit for the science and technology week.
(b) our company has been upset by the city authorities' final decision.
(c) we are displeased with the arrangement of the science and technology week.
(d) we have dissuaded the city authorities from setting up the week s display.
10. (a) scientists have found a cure for the common cold in the past century.
(b) scientific discoveries were often misunderstood by the common people.
(c) scientists have yet to discover effective ways to conquer the cold virus.
(d) scientist have been unable to explain the cold climate in the past century.
Ⅱ. talks and conversations
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. after each of these,you will hear a few question.listen carefully,because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions only once.when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
questions 11~14
11. (a) she received an emergency call the previous day.
(b) she has never been to the city before.
(c) she was invited to attend a wedding ceremony.
(d) she d like to spend the weekend there.
12. (a) in a minute. (b) in less than half an hour.
(c) at 111:13. (d) at noon.
13. (a) someone to talk with (b) interesting books to read.
(c) something to eat and drink. (d) puzzles and crossword games.
14. (a) thirteen pennies. (b) fifty pennies.
(c) a pound. (d) half price. /
question 15~18
15. (a) winter. (b) spring.
(c) summer. (d) fall.
16. (a) 150 kilometres. (b) 240 kilometres.
(c) 300 kilometres.. (d) 480 kilometres.
17. (a) it is cold and dry,
(b) it has a variety of climates.
(c) it is largely predictable.
(d) it snows in winter and rains in summer.
18. (a) because they have milder and warmer climates.
(b) because they have built more holiday inns and hotels.
(c) because they are located in the tropical region.
(d) because they are abundant in cheap flowers and vegetables.
questions 19~22
19. (a) they don't like food from other countries.
(b) they don't bother much about what they eat.
(c) they fell that their food is better than any other in the world.
(d) they really enjoy tinned and frozen foods.
20. (a) snack. (b) breakfast. /
(c) lunch. (d) dinner.
21. (a) eat out in a foreign restaurant. (b) prepare a big meal at home.
(c) tour around the world (d) give a birthday party.
22. (a) because it is full of foreign tourists.
(b) because it has got a lot of foreign restaurants.
(c) because it is an ideal place for buying frozen foods.
(d) because it has attracted many college students.
questions 23~26
23. (a) it is a free meal offered by tv producers.
(b) it is an evening meal to strengthen the family relationship.
(c) it is a kind of snack food, especially for tv viewers.
(d) it can be prepared by children, regardless of their age.
24. (a) the preparation stage and the eating stage.
(b) the preparation stage and the clean-up stage.
(c) the eating stage and the clean-up stage.
(d) the watch-tv stage and the talking stage. /
25. (a) they helped with setting the dinner table.
(b) they washed and cut the vegetables and meats.
(c) they watched tv programs in the sitting room.
(d) they went out to buy tv dinners for the family.
26. (a) just a few minutes. (b) about 20 minutes.
(c) over 30 minutes. (d) as long as the commercial break lasts
questions 27~30
27. (a) a wine-bar attendant. (b) a musical artist.
(c) a computer programmer. (d) an accountant.
28. (a) central london. (b) north london.
(c) south-east london. (d) west london.
29. (a) playing the piano. (b) teaching music.
(c) managing concerts. (d) helping to run a charity.
30. (a) doing a home concert.
(b) finding a part-time job.
(c) giving piano recitals in the north. /
(d) entering for a competition.
part c: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 5 english sentences.you will hear the sentences only once. after you have heard each sentence,translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Ⅱ. passage translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages, you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening. /
(1)
(2)
section 3: translation test (1) (30 minutes)
directions: translate the following passage into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
twenty years ago, motorola looked upon the japanese with something close to fear.the chicago company's television-manufacturing division had been large and profitable in the 1960s. by the early 1970s, however,high costs and a rising tide of inexpensive japanese tvs were taking a heavy toll. “the japanese were very aggressive”, recalls motorola spokesman mario salvadori. “they wanted to get market share.” with cutthroat pricing, they did — eventually running nearly every u.s. electronic companyout of the tv business. motorola sold its quasar tv unit to a japanese company in 1974.but while other u.s. companies were floored for foreign competition, motorola refocused its energies, it turned to wireless communications — an industry it had pioneered (with mobile radios and walkie-talkie) in the 1920s. it was a prescient move.
section 4: translation test (2) (30 minutes)
directions:translate the following passage into english and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. /
据调查，我国有40 ％的青少年除了课本外不看其他书籍。对此，我感到极为震惊。虽然有关人士声称调查具有科学性，我仍不敢相信。不过尽管怀疑，事实却是，越来越多的年轻人在业余时间已不再读书，而是看电视、跳舞、打电子游戏机，或者“侃大山”。高尔基说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”众所周知，书籍是人类智慧的结晶。尽管现代传媒（如电视、计算机）在信息的传播速度上有许多优势，但到目前为止，还没有哪一种在传播知识的深度方面能取代书籍。/
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参考答案
section 1: listening test
part a: sport dictation
1. television viewers2. recent research3. more far-reaching4. power of authority 5. gets away with6. a social reality7. escape from8. dangerous and frightening9. less trustful10. police protection11. estimate12. further evidence13. 33 14. instead of15. network tv16. threat of danger17. exploit by the media18. increasing pressure19. aggressive behavior20. social control and stability
part b: listening comprehension
1-5 bcdac6-10 bccbac 11-15 dacbc16-20 dbabd21-25 abcba26-30 bccad
part c: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
1. 当时那人就我们陈列在交易会上的新产品提了好多问题。但是，他没有下任何定单。
2. 多数人在劳累工作了一天回家后都希望能休闲一下，诸如洗个热水澡或者聆听轻音乐。
3. 慢跑是一种慢速、稳定的奔。最近几年来，慢跑已成为非常流行的一种户外活动。
4. 下山容易上山难，因此，染上坏习惯容易，养成好习惯难。
5. 如果你在快餐店或咖啡店就餐，你付５元钱或再多一点就能吃一顿。但是如果你在旅馆或市中心的饭店用餐，你就要付十倍的钱。
Ⅱ. passage translation
passage 1
1970 年，一位美国人发明了一辆与众不同的自行车。它看上去好像是将两辆自行车合为一辆，并且可同时供两人使用。每一位骑车人都有自己的座位。因为他们都有各自的手把，都能驾驭自行车。然而，该项发明未能成功。如果其中一位骑车人略微向左拐，另一位略微向右拐，两人都会摔倒在经。
passage 2
过去两年来，许多州和城市都已经在公共场所限制吸烟。越来越多的饭店和其他私人企业鉴于健康的原因自觉出台有关吸烟的规定。在纽约市，数以十计的冰淇淋食品店划出了禁烟区，而且看起来更多的顾客提出要坐在禁烟区，而不是吸烟区。
section 2：studyskills
1-5 ddbbb6-10 cbadb11-15 bbcdc16-20 cdcba21-25 cadcd26-30 ddbda
section 3：translation test (1)
20 年前，摩托罗拉公司带着近乎害怕的心理看待日本企业。早在（20 世纪）60 年代， 这个公司芝加哥的电视制造分公司规模大、利润高。但在70年代初，高成本以及日本廉价电视机日趋上升的势头使其遭受重创。“日本人非常嚣张，”摩托罗拉公司发言人马里奥·萨尔瓦多瑞追忆道, “他们想分享市场。”通过残酷无情的价格战，他们如愿以偿，并最终把几乎所有美国电子公司赶出电视机行业。1974 年，摩托罗拉将其quasar电视生产厂卖给了一家日本公司。但是，当其他美国公司在对外竞争中败北的时候，摩托罗拉公司重新调整了产业方向，转向无线通讯。这是一个它在20 年代开拓的产业（另外还有移动收音机和步话机）。此举确有先见之明。
section 4: translation test (2)
according to a survey, about 40% of our country's youth do not read any books other than their textbooks. i am shocked at the result. i remain suspicious of the survey, though the people concerned claim it to be scientific. despite my suspicion, the fact is that more and more young people, instead of reading, spend their spare time watching tv, going to dance parties, playing video games or chitchatting. gorgy once said: “books are steps toward human progress.”as we all know, books is a crystallization of human wisdom. although modern media such as tv and computers enjoy advantages in the speed of information dissemination, so far none of them can replace books in respect of the depth of knowledge being spread.
听力测试题录音文字稿: /
section 1: listening test
part a: sport dictation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. write your answer in the correstponding space in your answer booklet. remember you will hear the passage only once. now, let's begin part a with spot dictation.
(woman) many people nowadays are concerned about violence on television. most of them fear that it stimulates television viewers to violent or aggressive acts. however, in my lecture today,i'd like to show you,from our recent research, that the consequences of experiencing television's symbolic world of violence can be much more far-reaching.
we have found that television dramatically demonstrates not only the power of authority in our society, but also the risks involved in breaking society's rules. violence-filled programs on television show us who gets away with what, and against whom. these programs teach the role of victim, and help us to accept violence as a social reality which we must learn to live with or escape from.
we have found that people who watch a lot of television see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. heavy tv viewers are less trustful of strangers on the street and more fearful of the real world. their fear may well bring increasing demands for police protection,and election of law-and-order politicians.when we asked viewers to estimate their own chances of being involved in some type of violence during any given week,they provide further evidence that television can induce fear and alertness: the heavy viewers were 33 percent more likely than the light viewers to pick such fearful estimates as 50-50 or one in 10, instead of a more plausible one in 100.
we have found that violence on prime-time network tv cultivates exaggerated assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. fear is a universal emotion, and naturally, easy to exploit by the media.the exaggerated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. therefore, instead of stimulating individual aggressive behavior and threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control and stability.
part b: listening comprehension /
Ⅰ. statements
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. these statements will be spoken only once,and you will not find them written on the paper;so you must listen carefully.when you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
question no.1. (woman) the mba program of that well-know university i attended last year was rather difficult, but i got a lot out the courses there.
question no.2. (woman) the vice president has a full schedule with a series of meetings next monday and tuesday, and have assistants.
question no.3. (man) the general manager was surprised to see so many people shopping at his supermarkets during the holiday break. /
question no.4. (man) i think the applicant lacks the necessary qualifications for the post as a computer programmer in that hi-tech corporation.
question no.5. (woman) don't worry. i think jack can fix that projector in the lab,there's really nothing to it.
question no.6. (woman) although jenny and i have many differences of opinion, we usually get along well most of the time.
question no.7. (man) i'm afraid you'll have to revise and type the memorandum of understanding a second time.
question no.8. (man) in their studies and reports, both economists and government officials have underestimated the rate of inflation of this country.
question no.9. (man) our company has decided to set up a display for the city's forthcoming science and technology week.
question no.10. (woman) within the past century, scientists have been trying unsuccessfully to find a real cure for the common cold. /
Ⅱ. talks and conversations:
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. after each of these, you will hear a few questions.listen carefully,because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions only once. when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
questions 11 to 14 are based on the following conversation.
(woman) good afternoon, i'd like some information about the trains, please.
(man) yes, madam. which train? where are you going?
(woman) to newcastle. you see. i have a sister there, you know. we had a phone all yesterday and she invited me over to stay for the weekend, so…/
(man) so your question is“when's the next train to newcastle”? is that right?
(woman) yes, that's right. when is next train to newcastle, please?
(man) at half past eleven. that's in about a minute.
(woman) thank you very much. oh! can i get something to eat on the train? i always have something to eat when i travel. i find that a cup of tea and a sandwich always help my nerves.
(man) yes, madam. there's a buffet car on the train.
(woman) oh, good! er…how much does a cup of tea cost？
(man) i'm not sure, madam. half a pound, i think.
(woman) you mean fifty pennies! oh dear! things are getting so expensive!
(man) yes, madam. your train's going to leave in half a minute now.
(woman) thank you. oh!which platform does it leave from?
(man) platform 13.
(woman) platform 13! oh, dear! i never travel on trains that leave from platform 13! 13's an unlucky number. when is the next train after the 11:30? /
question no.11. why does the woman want to go to newcastle?
question no.12. according to the man, when will the next train to newcastle leave?
question no.13. what does the woman like to have when she is traveling?
question no.14. how much will the woman have to pay for a cup of tea?
questions 15 to 18 are based on the following advertisement.
(woman) geographically speaking, britain is by no means a big country. from north to south and from east to west it is only about three hundred miles,or four hundred and eighty kilometers, across. but small as it is, britain has a surprising range of climates. people who have never visited this country, or who have visited only one part of it, often make the mistake of thinking that it is clod and wet in britain. have you ever heard of a typical englishman wearing a bowler hat and carrying an umbrella all the time? his image is well known all over the world. you may assume that this is because he lives in a cold and rainy country. well, except for the summer months of june to september this is a probably true of the north of britain and the midlands. in the south, however, the weather is much more pleasant. as a result, when people retire from a job in the north, they often prefer no move down to the warmer and milder south.
perhaps the warmest part of the country is the southwest, namely, the counties of devon and cornwall. every year, the warm gulf stream flows across the north atlantic ocean from the gulf of mexico and brings a quite warm and mild climate to the coastal regions of the southwest. in this part of the country grows semi-tropical plants such as bamboo and palm trees. flowers and vegetables ripen as a month earlier than those elsewhere. in winter, while there may be several feet of snow in other parts of britain, there will probably be no snow at all in the southwest. that is why the southwestern counties remain to be britain's most popular holiday areas all the year round. /
question no.15. according to the talk, which is the best season for people in the north of britain to enjoy mild and pleasant climates?
question no.16. what is the approximate distance from the north coastal lines of britain to the south coastal lines?
question no.17. which of the following best describes the weather conditions in britain?
question no.18. why are devon and cornwall popular holiday areas all the year round?
question 19 to 22 are based on the following conversation. /
(woman) john, do you think we make too much use of tinned and frozen food in britain? the supermarkets here are full of them, aren't they? perhaps that is why our food is not very tasty, as you may have found out already.
(man) but frozen foods are convenient and handy, aren't they? just think of all the tedious work we have to do in the kitchen if it weren t for the frozen foods and the like.
(woman) yes, that's true! but you spend much more time cooking and preparing meals in your country than we do in britain, don't you?
(man) yes, i suppose we do. you make less fuss about food than we do. in my own country,we have two big meals a day, that is, lunch and dinner, and we spend a lot of time preparing them.here in britain,you have only one big meal a day,apart from breakfast and lunch snack, and you spend much less time preparing it.
(woman) yes, but we rejust as fond of good and delicious food as you are.
(man) well, you certainly don't show it ! /
(woman) we do fuss about our meals sometimes, and remember, we like to eat out on special occasions,such as weekend evenings, birthday,parties and other celebrations. london is full of foreign restaurants where you can get all the exotic dishes of the world.you must come out with us one evening, john.
(man) thank you very much,i'd love to. and that's what i like about london. there's always so much to see and do. i think i have made a wise decision when i chose to live and study in london.
question no.19. according to john, what is true about the british people?
question no.20. which of the following is the only big meal for the british people?
question no.21. according to the conversation, what do the british people like to do on special occasions?
question no.22. why do the man and the woman prefer toe live in london?
questions 23 to 26 are based on the following talk. /
(man)the first tv dinners came out in the united states in the 1950s,and they were immediately regarded as a major advance in the invention of “social convenience.” however, there are those people who believe that the introduction of tv dinners has weakened the ties of the american family.this was brought about by the change in that long-standing tradition of family life—the evening meal.
before television became popular with the average american family, the typical american dinner would involve almost all th4e family members. the dinner would take part in three stages: the preparation stage, the eating stage and the clean-up stage. in the preparation stage, the children often helped with setting the table while the mother cooked the meal. in the eating stage, the family members,old and young,would talk about their day's activities as they ate. as noon as the evening meal was over, the children were again involved in the cleaning-up stage, so that, as in the first two stages, their importance within the family was clear.
after the arrival of television, the eating stage began to change. family members could now eat and watch television at the same time. as a result, they stopped talking to each other. it was the tv dinner, however, that killed off the preparation and the clean-up stages. before long, all people had to do was use a fork, since the tv dinner could go from the oven to the lap, and from the lap to the rubbish bin with great ease.
by the beginning of the 1980s, the typical american family dinner wasjust 20 minutes long. of course, the pace of modern life has increased, and this has affected the time we spent over dinner. but the introduction of a meal that could be eaten between the start and finish of a 30-minute television programmed has also contributed to this change of our family life.
question no.23. according to the talk, what is a tv dinner? /
question no.24. compared with the traditional american dinner, what stages are not included in the modern tv dinner?
question no.25. what did american children use to do in the preparation stage of the evening meal?
question no.26. according to the talk, how long will a typical american dinner last in the1980s?
questions 27 to 30 are based on the following conversation.
(man) erm, well, you name's julia.
(woman) julia brown, yes.
(man) julia brown. i'm allan lee.
(woman) hello.
(man) hi. erm, whereabouts do you live? /
(woman) i live in forest hill, south-east london.
(man) oh yeah. i used to live near there.
(woman) not far away.
(man) no. very near. actually i really enjoyed living there. are you working near there?
(woman) i work in london. i am with the ibm, as a computer programmer. i also work as an administrator for a small charity organization.erm,that's only part-time.i also work in a wine-bar.thats part –time, too.
(man) you mean part-time work in the evenings?
(woman) erm, yeah, two evenings a week.
(man) right. yeah. it's quite a long way in from forest hill, mm?
(woman) it's quite a journey into central london. both the charity office and the wine-bar are in hatton garden, central london, you know.
(man) yeah. that s right. but you get the mainline in? i mean the mainline from southeast london into central london?
(woman) yes, that s into charing cross, and erm, i tend to walk from there to hatton garden, yes. trying to get fit.
(man) right. i m quite lucky. i work at home. /
(woman) what do you do?
(man) i'm a pianist.so i spend most of the day practicing.trying to er,get as many recitals as possible.
(woman) do you teach piano lessons?
(man) er i don't at the moment, no. i'm just concentrating on playing sort of ,six hours a day, five days a week, that kind of thing. but erm,getting yourself established is pretty difficult.
(woman) yes, so do you—are actually working, playing at the moment?
(man) erm. yeah, well i've just done two concerts, in the north. and i am now trying to enter for a competition, in austria, next january. so erm, maybe something'll come out of that. i look forward to that kind of competition, and i'm really working hard.
question no.27. what is the woman's full-timejob during the day?
question no.28. in which part of london does the woman live?
question no.29. what does the man do for a living?
question no.30. what is the man going to do earlier next year?
part c: listening and translation
Ⅰ. sentence translation
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 5 english sentences. you will hear the sentences only once. after you have herd each sentence, translate it into chinese and write you version in the corresponding space in answer booklet. now, let s begin sentence translation with
sentence no.1. the man asked a lot of questions about our new products displayed at the trade fair. nevertheless, he didn't book any orders. /
sentence no.2. most people want to have some form of relaxation when they come home after a hard day's work, such as taking a hot bath or listening to some light music.
sentence no.3. jogging is a slow, steady kind of running. in recent years, it has become very popular as a form of outdoor exercise.
sentence no.4. it is easier to go downhill than to climb uphill,so it is easier to fall into bad habits than into good ones.
sentence no.5. you can get a meal for about $5 or slightly more if you eat in snack bars or coffee shops.but if you eat in a hotel or a downtown restaurant,you are expected to pay ten times as much.
Ⅱ. passage translation
directions: in this part of the test,you will hear 2passages in english.you will hear the passages only once. after you have heard each passage, translate it into chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. you may take notes while you are listening. now, let's begin passage translation with the first passage.
passage 1 /
(woman) in 1979,an american man invented an unusual bicycle.it looked like two bicycles in one and it could be used by two people at the same time. on the new bicycle each person had their own bicycle seat and each person would be able to ride the bicycle because they both had their own set of handlebars. however, the invention was not a successful one. if one person turned a little to the left and the other a little right, both riders fell onto the ground.
passage 2 /
(man) in the past two years, many states and cities have limited smoking in public places. an increasing number of hotels, restaurants and other private enterprises have voluntarily introduced smoking regulations for health reasons. for example, in new york city, a dozen ice cream shops have set up non-smoking sections and there seems to be more demand for seats in non-smoking sections than in smoking sections.