一、 缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如imp: important, asap: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对速记和口译考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
【拿掉所有元音】
mkt || market
mgr || manager
msg || message
std || standard
rcv || receive
【保留前几个字母】
info || information
ins || insurance
exch || exchange
iou ||i owe you
i/o ||in stead of
【保留开头和结尾个发音字母】
wk || week
rm || room
pl || people
【根据发音】
r || are
tho || though
thru || through
【高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表】
缩略词 || 原词
apt || apartment
acc || accountant
acdg || according
acpt || accept
ad || advertisement
ads || address
adv || advice
amap || as much/many as possible
amt || amount
apv || approve
asap || as soon as possible
bal || balance
bldg || building
cert || certificate
cfm || conform
cncl || cancel
cnf || conference
cmi || commission
cmp || complete
cmpe || compete/competitive
cmu || communication
conc || concern/concerning/concerned
cond || condition
co. || company
dept || department
disc || discount
dpt || departure
exch || exchange
expln || explain
ext || extent
flt || flight
fnt || final
frt || freight
fyr || for your reference
gd || good
guar ||guarantee
h.o. || home office
info || information
imps || impossible
imp(t) || important
incd || include
indiv || individual
ins || insurance
intst ||interested
i/o || in stead of
iou || i owe you
ivo || in view of
manuf || manufacture
mdl || model
memo || memorandum
mgr || manger
min || minimum
mkt || market
msg || message
ncry || necessary
nlt || no later than
obs || observe
obt || obtain
ord || ordinary
pat || patent
pc || piece
pkg || packing
pl || people
pls || please
posn || position
poss(bl) || possible
prod || product
qlty || quality
quty || quantity
rcv || receive
ref || reference
regl || regular
rep || representative
resn || reservation
rpt || repeat
respon || responsible
sec || section
sitn || situation
std || standard
tel || telephone
temp || temporary
tgm || telegraph
tho || though
tks || thanks
trd || trade
trf || traffic
ttl || total
u || you
ur || your
wk || week
wl || will
wt || weight
xl || extra large
二、 字母、图像
z 表示"人"people/person,因为"z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:jz。
c 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母c读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用c来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 cz
p 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母p读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 pz
e 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. e 数学符号表示总值。
g 表示效率:efficient, effective。g为效率符号。
q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
a 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
b 表示商业:business。
c× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation "c×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"c"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
w 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以wz就可以用来表示worker, 而w(z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
u u 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在u内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在u中填入1表示: unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在u上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
o 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.go表示进口,og表示出口
这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.
t 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 ct
⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium
k 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
o 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
j 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.
l 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
eo 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.
o 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc
三、 数学符号
+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more
+3 表示"多"的最高级:most
- 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.
> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.
< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.
表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.
= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.
表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示"在......之间":among, within, etc.
≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.
表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.
~ 表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.
/ 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.
四、 标点等
: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?
. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."
∧ 表示转折
√ 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.
表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆ 表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.
n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.
& 表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.
∥ 表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
五、 较长单词的处理办法
-ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism sm
-tion 简 简写为 n 例如:standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian 简 简写为 o 例如:technician techo
-ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销) mktg