古诗词汉译英：《论语》中英文版 第十章 子路篇(8)

第十章 乡党篇(8)
　　食不厭精，膾不厭細。食饐而餲，魚餒而肉敗，不食。色惡，不食。臭惡，不食。失飪，不食。不時，不食。割不正，不食。不得其醬，不食。肉雖多，不使勝食氣。惟酒無量，不及亂。沽酒市脯不食。不撤薑食。不多食。
　　He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small.
　　He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone.
　　He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season.
　　He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
　　Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice.
　　It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
　　He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
　　【原文】
　　食不厌精①，脍不厌细②。食饐而碣③，鱼馁而肉败④，不食，色恶，不食。臭恶⑤，不食。失饪⑥，不食。不时⑦，不食。割不正，不食。不得其酱，不食。肉虽多，不使胜食气⑧。唯酒无量，不及乱⑨。沽酒市脯不食。不撤姜食，不多食⑩。
　　【今译】
　　饭食做得精细，不吃饱；鱼肉切得细，也不吃饱。食物长期存放变味了，鱼不新鲜了，肉腐烂了，不吃。气味不好，不吃。烹调坏了，不吃。不到该吃的时候，不吃。不是按一定的方法切割的肉，不吃。没有适当调味的酱醋，不吃。肉虽多，吃时不超过主食的数量。只有酒不限量，但不喝醉。买来酒和肉干不吃。进食时不去除姜，但也不多吃。
　　【注释】
　　①厌：吃饱。
　　②脍（ｋｕàｉ）：细切的鱼肉。
　　③饐（ｙì）：食物经久而腐臭。碣（àｉ）：食物经久而变味。
　　④馁（ｎěｉ）：鱼腐败。
　　⑤臭（ｘｉù）：气味。
　　⑥饪（ｒèｎ）：烹调。
　　⑦不时：不到该吃的时候。指吃饭要有定时。
　　⑧胜食气：超过主食的量。气：同“饩”，粮食。
　　⑨乱：酒醉。
　　⑩沽酒市脯：买来的酒和干肉。脯（ｆǔ）：熟肉干。
　　【评点】
　　本章记叙孔子在饮食方面的规矩。他不食用变质了的食物，烹调要适当，对酒食自觉控制数量，都是出自合理和卫生。“食不厌精，脍不厌细”，是说吃饭不因饭米精便多吃，食肉不因脍的细便多吃。因孔子主张不耻恶衣恶食，安于粗茶淡饭，乐在其中。不要误解为孔子主张饮食无止境地追求精美。
　　至于“沽酒市脯不食”，是指斋戒时而言，平时则不是这样。孔子作为大夫，家中一定自己酿酒，所谓“孔府家酒”祭祀必敬，必洁，就一定要用家酒。平时就不会这样。如果一生从不“沽酒市脯”，那是不合情理的。