散文佳作汉译英翻译赏析：loving memories of mother母亲的回忆-朱德（双语）
loving memories of mother母亲的回忆
朱德
zhu de
得到母亲去世的消息，我很悲痛。我爱我母亲，特别是她勤劳一生，很多事情是值得我永远回忆的。
i was deeply grieved to learn of mother's death. i love my mother. of her hardworking life, in particular, a great many things will forever be cherished in my memory.
我家是佃农，祖籍广东韶关籍人，在“湖广填四川”(1>时迁移四川仪陇县马鞍场。世代为地主耕种，家境是贫苦的(2>，和我们来往的朋友也都是老老实实的贫苦农民。母亲一共生了十三个儿女，因为家境贫穷，无法全部养活，只留下八个，以后再生下的被迫溺死了。这在母亲心里是多么悲痛、悲哀和无可奈何的事啊!母亲把八个孩子一手养大成人。可是她的时间大半给家务和耕种占去了，没法多照顾孩子，只好让孩子们在地里爬着。
i come from a tenant farmer's family. my original family home was shao guan, guangdong province, into which my ancestors had moved from another province as settlers. during the mass migration of peasants from huguang to sichuan province, my ancestors moved to ma an chang, yi long county, sichuan. from generation to generation, they tilled land for landlord only to eke out a bare subsistence. people who associated with them as friends were likewise honest impoverished peasants.mother gave birth to thirteen children in all. but only the first eight of them survived while the next five were drowned at birth by my parents against their will because they were too poor to raise them all. how anguished, sad and helpless mother must have felt! she did manage, however, to have the eight children brought up all by herself. but she was too busily occupied with household chores and farming to look after the kids so that they were left alone crawling about in the fields.
母亲是个“好劳动”(3)。从我能记忆时起，总是天不亮就起床。全家二十口人，妇女轮班煮饭，轮到就煮一年。母亲把饭煮了，还要种田种菜，喂猪养蚕，纺棉花。因为她身材高大结实，还能挑水挑粪。
mother was a hardworking woman. as far as i can remember, she would always get up before daybreak. in our household of more than twenty members, all women would take turns to do cooking for one year. apart from cooking, mother did farming, planted vegetables, fed pigs, raised silkworms and spun cotton into yarn. tall and of strong build, she could carry two buckets of water or manure on a shoulder pole.
母亲这样地整日劳碌着，我们到四五岁时就很自然地在旁边帮她的忙，到八九岁
时就不单能挑能背，还会种地了。记得那时我从学堂回家，母亲总在灶上汗流满面地烧饭，我就悄悄把书本一放，挑水或放牛去了。有的季节里，我上午读书下午种地，一到农忙便整月停在地里跟着母亲劳动。这个时期母亲教给我许多生产知识。佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲的聪明能干，却很舒服。我们把桐子榨油来点灯。吃的是豌豆饭，菜花，红薯饭，杂粮饭，把菜籽榨出的油放在饭里做调料，这种地主富人家看也不看的饭食，母亲却能做得使一家吃起来有滋味。赶上丰年，才能缝上一些新衣服，衣服也是自己生产出来的。母亲亲手纺出线，请人织成布，染了颜色，我们叫做“家织布”，有铜钱那样厚，一套衣服老大穿过了，老二老三接下来穿还穿不烂(4).
mother worked hard from dawn till dusk. when we kids were four or five years old, we found ourselves automatically helping her with farm work. at the age of eight or nine, i could not only carry heavy loads on a shoulder pole or on my back, but also knew how to farm the land. i remember whenever i came back from school and saw mother busy cooking in the kitchen with sweat streaming down her face, i would immediately lay down my books and sneak out to carry water on a shoulder pole or graze the cattle. in some seasons, i would study in the morning and work in the fields in the afternoon. during the busy season, i would spend all day working by the side of mother. it was then that she taught me a lot about the knack of farming.the life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman. we used oil squeezed from seeds of tung trees to light our lamps. we ate rice cooked with peas, vegetables, sweet potatoes or coarse grain, and all seasoned with rapeseed oil一food which landlords and rich people would scorn to eat. nevertheless, mother's cooking was done so well that everybody ate with gusto. only in good year, could we afford to have some home-made new clothes to wear. mother would spin cotton into yarn and then asked somebody to have it woven into fabric and dyed. we called it "home spun fabric". it was as thick as copper coin and was so durable that after the eldest brother had grown out of the home-spun garment, it could still be used by the second and third brothers in turn without being worn out
劳动的家庭是有规律有组织的。我的祖父是一个中国标本式的农民，到了八九十岁还非耕田不可，不耕田就会害病，直到临死前不久还在地里劳动。祖母是家庭的组织者，一切生产事务由她管理分派。每年除夕，分派好一年的工作以后，天还没亮，母亲就第一个起床烧火做饭去了，接着听见祖父起来的声音，接着大家都离开床铺，喂猪的喂养猪，砍柴的砍柴，挑水的挑水。母亲在家庭里极能够任劳任怨，她和蔼的性格使她从来没有打骂过我们上次，而且也没有和任何人炒过架(5)。因此，虽在这样的大家庭里，长幼叔伯她嫂相处都很和睦。母亲同情贫苦的人一一这是她朴素的阶级意识一一虽然自己不富裕，还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚(6)。她自己是很节省的。父亲有时吸点大烟，喝点酒，母亲管束着我们，不允许我们沾染上一点。母亲那种劳动简朴的习惯，母亲那种宽厚仁慈的态度，至今还在我心中留有深刻的印象。
it was characteristic of an industrious household to be well-regulated and well- organized. my grandfather was a typical chinese farmer. he went on doing farm work even he was an octogenarian. he would feel unwell without doing farm labour. he was found still working on the farm even shortly before his death. grandmother was the organizer of the household. she was in charge of all the farm affairs, assigning tasks to each member of the household. on each new year's eve, she would work out all job assignments for the coming year. mother would be the first to get up before daybreak. soon grandfather would be heard to rise from his bed, followed by the rest of the household. some went about feeding pigs, some cutting firewood, and some carrying water on a shoulder pole. mother always worked without complaint despite hardships. amiable by nature, she never beat or scolded us, 1e alone quarreled with anybody. consequently, large as it was, the whole household, old and young, uncles and sisters-in-law, lived in perfect harmony. out of her naive class consciousness, she showed sympathy for the poor. despite her own straitened circumstances, she often went out of her way to help out those relatives who were even more needy than herself. she lived a very frugal life. father would occasionally smoke a long-stemmed chinese pipe or drink some wine. to prevent us from falling into the same habit, mother kept us children under strict control. her diligence and frugality, her generosity and kindheartedness一all have left a lasting impression on my mind.
翻译解析：
本文于1944年4月5日发表于《解放日报》上。
(1)“湖广填四川”译为the mass migration of peasants from huguang to sichuan province。“湖广”为旧时一个省份。元代湖广相当于今两湖、两广。明清时湖广专指两湖。四川曾因天灾人祸，人口锐减，湖广农民乃大批迁入。
(2)“世代为地主耕种，家境是贫苦的”充为from generation to generation, they tilled land for landlords only to eke out a bare subsistence，其中。nly用于不定式前作“结果却……”解，往往表示一种不幸的结果。又to eke out是成语，后面常跟a bare subsistence或a living、
(3)“母亲是个‘好劳动mother was an existence, a livelihood等，作“勉强糊口”解。”不宜按字面直译，现按“母亲是一个勤劳的妇女”译为a hardworking woman。
(4)“一套衣服老大穿过了”意即“衣服因老大长大了而不能继续穿下去”，故译为after the eldest brother had grown out of the home-spun garment，其中had grown out of是习用短 语，作had grown too large to fit (clothes)解。
(5)“她的和蔼的性格使她从没有打骂过我们一次，而且也没有和任何人吵过架”译为 amiable by nature, she never beat or scolded us , let alone quarreled with anybody，其中根据上下文 的内涵，把“而且”译为let alone"，作“更不用说”解，是英语成语。
(6)“还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚”译为she often went out of her way to help out those relatives who were even more needy than herself，其中went out of her way是成语，作“特地”、“不怕麻烦”c to make a special effort, especially in spite of difficulties)解。
(7)“培养出一个读书人来‘支撑门户”’译为so that they could make a scholar of me for the family to keep up appearances，其中to keep up appearances是英语成语，作“装门面” to keep up or maintain an outward show)解。又，为了把原文交待清楚，译文中出 现添加万分for the family .