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中国文化典籍英语翻译及赏析46:文明演进《论语注•“公羊三世”说(节选)》

论语注•“公羊三世”说(节选)

Three Evolutionary Stages from K ung-yang Ctiuan(excerpted)

[近代]康有为

By K'arig Yu-wei

人道进化皆有定位。自族制而为部落,而成国家。由国家而成大统。由独人而漸立酋长,由酋长而漸正君臣,由君臣而渐为立宪,由立宪而渐为共和由独人而漸为夫妇,由夫妇而渐定父子,由父子而兼锡尔类,由锡尔类而渐为大同,于是复为独人。

The course of humanity always progresses according to a fixed sequence. From the institution of the clan comes that of the tribe, followed by that of the nation. And from the nation the Great Unification comes to be formulated,(In the political sphere,) from the individual man the instituting of iribal chieftains gradually becomes established, from which the relationship between ruler and subject is gradually defined.The ruler- and-subject relationship gradually leads to constitutionalism, and constitutionalism gradually leads to republicanism.(Likewise in the social sphere,) from the individual man the relationship between husband and wife gradually comes ta exist, from which the relationship between father and son is gradually defined. This father-and-son relationship leads to the loving of the entire human race, which in turn leads gradually to the Great Unity, in which there is a reversion to individuality.

盖自据乱进为升平,升平进为大乎,进化有渐,因革有由.验之万国,莫不同风。观婴儿可以知壮夫及老人,观萌芽可以知合抱至参天,观夏殷周三统之损益, 亦可推百世之变革矣。

Thus there is an evolution from Disorder to Approaching Peace, and from Approaching Peace to Universal Peace. This evolution proceeds gradually in accordance with the changes which influence it. No matter in what country one looks, the process is the same.By observing the child, one can know the «dult and old man; by observing the shoot, one can know (the future tree) wlien it becomes an arm-span (in circumference) and iinally reaches to the sky.(In the same way) by observing the modifications and accretions of the three successive eras, Hsia, Shang, and Chou, one can through extension know the changes in a hundred generations to come....

孔子生当据乱之世。今者大地既通,欧美大变,盖进至升平之世矣。异日大地大小远近如一,国土既尽,种类不分,风化齐同,则如一而太平矣。

Confucius himself was born in the Age of Disorder. But at the present time communications extend throughout the great earth, and Europe and America, through their vast changes, are evolving toward the Age of Approaching Peace.There will be a day when everything throughout the earth, large or small, far or near, will be like one. There will no longer be any nations, no racial distinctions, and customs will be everywhere the same.With this uniformity will come (the Age of) Universal Peace.