孙文学说（节选）
Memoirs of a Chinese Revolutionary (selected)
[民国]孙中山
By Sun Yat-scn
夫进化者，时间之作用也4故自达文氏支明物种进化之理，而学者多称之为时间之大发明，与奈端氏之摄力为空间之大发明相比[媲]美。而作者则以为进化之时期有三：其一为物质进化之时期，其二为物种进化之时期，其三则为人类进化之时期。元始之时，太极（此用以译西名以太也）动而生电子，电子凝而生元素，元素合而成物质，物质聚而成地球。此世界进化之第一时期也。今太空诸天体多尚在此期进化之中。而物质之进化，以成地球为目的。吾人之地球，其进化几何年代而成，不可得而知也，地球成后以至于今，按科学家据地层之变动而推算，乙有二千万 年矣。
Evolution is the function of time. Darwin's discovery was compared with Isaac Newton's discovery of the law of gravity.Men considered these the two greatest discoveries; the first in the spere of time, the second in the spcre of space. The writer considers that there are three degrees or periods of evolution: the first of matter, the second of species, and the third of man. During the periods of vapour, the ether brought electrons into motion, the electrons produced matter and matter produced ihe earth. This was the first stage of world evolution. But there are other heavenly bodies which are still in this stage of evolution. The evolution of matter is directed towards the formation of earth. How many million years were required for the formation of our planet? According to calculations based on the study of geological phenomena, twenty million years have passed since the time of the formation of the earth. ...
然而人类自入文明之后，则天性所趋，已莫之为而为，莫之致而致，尚[向]于互助之原则，以求达人类进化之目的矣。人类进化之目的何为？即孔子所谓“大道之行，天下为公，”耶酥所谓“尔旨得成，在地若天”，此人类所希望，化现在之 痛苦世界而为极承之天堂是也。
But once mankind entered the period of civilization, his inner being spontaneously sought the principles of mutual aid, and w.is also able to achieve the fundamental aim of human evolution What is the end of human evolution? It is the aim indicated by Confucius when he said: I'When the Great Tao prevails, the whole world will work only for the public ime^csts.,, [t is also the aim taught by Jesus: "Your kindom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.]* These arc the hopes of mankind, which desires to transform the present painful period of its existence into a happy paradise on earth, (*This paragraph is revised by the editor.)
近代文明进步，以日加速，最后之百年已胜于以前之千年，而最后之十年又胜 以往之百年，如此递推，太平盛世，当在不远，乃至达文氏发明物种进化之物竞天 择原則后，而学者多以为仁义道德皆属虚无，而争竞生存乃为实际，几欲以物种之 原则而施之于人类之进化，而不知此为人类已过之阶级，而人类今日之进化，已超 出物种原则之上矣。此“行之非艰，而知之惟艰”，进化论可为铁证者十也。
Modem civization is moving forward with gigantic strides, the progress of the last century may be compared with the progress of the last thousands of years, and as in the future the development of the last ten years witl be comparable with the road travelled in the last hundred years, we can calculate the rapidity of progress and realize that the times we dream of are not far away. From the time that Darwin discovered the principles of evolusion —the struggle for life of animals, natural selection, the survival the fittest — scientists began to treat morality, love, justice and friendship as a mirage, and to regard the law of the struggle for existence as the reality. They even want to appiy these laws of the animal world to mankind, but they do not understand that they only applied a transitional period in the liistory of mankind —that the evolution of man has outgrown this principle which governs the world of animals. Thus the theory of evolution may serve as the tenth proof of my theory concerning the easiness of knowledge and the difficulty of action.