陉山之事
The Warfare at Mount Xing
【原文】
陉山之事，赵且与秦伐齐。齐惧，令田章以阳武合于赵，而以顺子 为质。赵王喜，乃案兵，告于秦曰:"齐以阳武赐弊邑而纳顺子，欲以解 伐，敢告下吏."
【今译】
陉山战役中，赵国即将联合秦国攻打齐国。齐王害怕了，派田章割 让阳武给赵国来讲和，并且把顺子派到赵国作人质。赵王高兴了，于是 就按兵不动，告诉秦国说广齐国把阳武给了我国，并且送来顺子作人 质，想以此化解我们的进攻，斗胆把这一情况秉报大王下属的官员。”
During the warfare at Mount Xing, the state of Zhao was about to unite with the state of Qin to attack the stale of Qi together. Qi was scared, so the king of Qi sent Tian Zhang to cede Yarjgwu to Zhao to make peace with it. Qi also sent Shunzi (the name of one of the childes of Qi) to Zhao as a hostage. The king of Zhao was happy with this, so he ceased military action against Qi. He then informed the king of Qin, “In order to avoid being attacked^ the state of Qi has presented me with Yangwu and also sent Shunzi here as a hostage. Hence，I summon up my courage to inform the inferiors of Your Majesty about it, ”
【原文】
秦王使公了,他之赵，谓赵王曰:"广齐与大国救魏而倍约，不可信恃, 大国不义，以告弊邑，而赐之二社之地，以奉祭祀.今又案兵，且欲合齐而受其地，非使臣之所知也！请益甲四万，大国裁之."
【今译】
秦王派公子他到赵国，对赵王说：“齐国曾经应允跟贵国一起营救 魏国》却背弃了自己的誓约，所以不可以信赖。贵国认为夺国不义，告 诉了我国，并且賜给我们两个社的土地，来供奉祭祀^如今又不出兵 了，而且还打算跟齐国讲和并接受它的土地，我不能理解啊！我国准备增援四万兵力攻打齐国，由贵国定夺！”
The king of Qin sent Childe Tuo to Zhao to deliver a message to the king of Zhao as follows ： “The state of Qi promised to assist your state of Zhao in rescuing the state of Wei and then broke its word. Qi is not reliable at all. You considered Qi unrighteous and informed our state about it. In addition > you have ceded two she to us to provide offerings for the cerenomies held by our state. Now you are about to stop military action. Moreover, you also want to make peace with Qi and accept its land. I cannot understand it! We are going to send forty thousand more soldiers to help you in attacking Qi. Please make up your mind!” .
【原文】
苏代为齐献书穰侯曰:"臣闻往来之者言曰:'秦且益赵甲四万人以 伐齐。窃必之弊邑之王曰：‘秦王明而熟于计，穣侯智而习于事，必不 益赵甲四力人以伐齐。’是何也？夫三晋相结，秦之深仇也。三晋百背 秦，西欺秦，不为不倍，不为无行。今破齐以肥赵，赵，秦之深仇，不利于 秦.…也。秦之谋者必曰：‘破齐弊齊，而后制晋、楚之胜。’夫齐，罢国 也，以天下击之，譬犹以千钧之弩溃痈也。秦王安能制晋、楚哉！ 二也. 秦少出兵，则皆、楚不信；多出兵，则晋、楚为制于秦。齐恐，则必不走于秦，且走晋、楚。三:也。齐割地以实晋、楚，则晋、楚安；齐举兵而为之顿 剑，则秦反受兵。四也。是晋、楚以秦破齐，以齐破秦，何晋、楚之智而 齐、秦之愚？五也。秦得安邑，善齐以安之，亦必无患矣。秦有安邑，则 韩、魏必无上党哉。夫取三晋之肠胃，与出兵而惧其不反也，孰利？故 臣窃必之弊邑之王曰：‘秦王明而熟于计，穣侯智而习于事，必不益赵甲 四万人以伐齐矣。’”
【今译】
苏代为齐国给穣侯写了 一封信，说：“我听到来来往往的人说：‘秦 国准备增援赵国四万兵力来攻打齐国。’我私下以为我们齐国的大王一 定会说：‘秦王英明而且熟悉用兵之计，穰侯机智而且善于谋事，一定不 会增援赵国四万兵力来攻打齐国的。’为什么会是这样呢？韩国、赵国 和魏国互相勾结，是秦国的大敌。这三个国家即使一百次背弃秦国、一 百次欺骗秦国，也不会认为自己毫无诚信、毫无德行。如今秦国却要攻 破齐国来增强赵国.赵国是秦国的大敌，这样做不利于秦国，这是其 一。秦国的谋士一定会说：‘攻破齐国并使得韩国、赵国和魂国疲弊，然 后就能战胜三晋跟楚国。，齐国已经非常疲弊了，用天下各国的兵力攻 击它，如同用有千钧力度的弓箭射破一个脓疮一般。秦王怎能制服三晋和楚国呢？这是其二。如果秦国派出的兵力少，就不能取信于三晋和楚国；派出的兵力太多，那三晋和楚国就会把秦国控制起来^齐国恐 慌了，一定不会投奔秦国，而会投靠三晋和楚国，这是其三。齐国割让 土地来增强三晋和楚国的实力，三晋和楚国就会平安无事；齐国派兵为 三晋和楚国打头阵，秦国反而会受到进攻。这是其四。这样一来，就成 了三晋和楚国用秦国来攻破齐国，用齐国来攻破秦国。为什么三晋和 秦国这么聪明，而齐国和秦国如此愚蠢？这是其五。如果秦国得到安 邑，善待齐国，让它得到安宁，秦国也就没有什么祸患了。秦国占据了 安邑，那韩国和魏国就一定会失去上党了。占领三晋的重地，跟出兵攻 打齐国却担心军队会後没在战场而不能返回相比，哪个更有利？所以 我私下认为我们齐国的大王一定会说：‘秦王英明而且熟悉用兵之计， 穣侯机智而且善于谋事，一定不会增援赵国四万兵力来攻打齐国的。’”
On behalf of the state of Qi, Su Dai wrote a letter to the prime minister of the state of Qin—Marquis Rang. It said，“I heard people travelling between our two states say that the state will send forty thousand more soldiers to assist the state of Zhao in attacking the state of Qi. I personally think that my king will definitely say, “The king of Qin is wise and familiar with tactics. Marquis Rang is intelligent and good at making plans’ They will definitely not send forty thousand more soldiers to assist Zhao in attacking Qi, f Why? Well, the three states of Han，Zhao and Wei unite with each other， and all of them are deadly enemies of Qin, Even though these three states might betray Qin one hundred times, and even though they might cheat Qin one hundred times，they won’t consider themselves dishonest or unrighteous. Now you are going to attack Qi to benefit Zhao, Zhao is a dangerous enemy of Qin. Thus it is disadvantageous for Qin to do so. This is my first reason. Certainly the advisors of Qin will say.:" By ruining Qi and exhausting Han, Zhao and Wei, we can defeat Han，Zhao，Wei and Chu and take control of them,，As for the state of Qi，it has already been exhausted. If the other states launch a concerted attack against Qi, it would be as easy as shooting a pimple with an extremely sharp and powerful arrow. Moreover, how can the king of Qin conquer Han, Zhao^ Wei and Chu? This is my second reason. If Qin sends out a small army to assist Zhao in attacking Qi, Han, Zhao, Wei and Chu won’t believe that it is powerful enough to defeat Qi. If Qin dispatches a huge army，they will take occasion to attack Qin together and therefore defeat and overrun Qin. If Qi is scared, instead of yielding to Qin，it will throw itself into the lap of Han, Zhao, Wei and Chu. This is my third reason. If Qi cedes its territory to Han, Zhao, Wei and Chu, the latter will be free from trouble. If Qi sends out troops to fight in the van for them, Qin will be attacked. This is my fourth reason. So，it is the states of Han, Zhao, Wei and Chu that use Qin to ruin Qi and using Qi to conquer Qin. Why are they so wise but Qi and Qin so stupid? This is my fifth reason. If Qin can gain Anyi,treat Qi well and slop its aggression against it，Qin will also be free from aggression. If Qin seizes Anyi，Han and Wei will lose control over the area of Shangdang. Therefore, you can either occupy the most important areas of Han, Zhao and Wei, or take a big risk and send your troops to attack Qi in great fear that they might be badly defeated and therefore not be able to return to Qin. Which choice do you prefer? I personally think that my king will definitely say, ‘The king of Qin is wise and familiar with tactics. Marquis Rang is intelligent and good at making plans. So they definitely will not send forty thousand more soldiers to assist Zhao in attacking Qi. ”，