秦王欲见顿弱
Qin‘s King Wanted to Call in Dun Ruo
【原文】
秦王欲见顿弱，顿弱曰：“臣之义不参拜。王能使臣无拜，即可矣;不，即不见也/’秦王许之。于是顿子曰：“天下有[有]其实而无其名者， 有无其实而有其名者，有无其名又无其实者，王知之乎？ ”王曰弗知。” 顿子曰：“有其实而无其名者，商人是也。无把铫推耨之势，而有积粟之 实，此有其实而无其名者也9无其实而有其名者，农夫是也。解冻而 耕，暴背而耨，无积粟之实，此无其实而有其名者也。无其名又无其实 者，王乃是也已！立为万乘，无孝之名；以千里养，无孝之实。”秦王悖然 而怒。
【今译】
秦王想召见顿弱，顿弱说：“我的原则是不向君主行参拜之札。如果大王能允许我不参拜，就可以了 ；如果不允许，就不去见他。”秦王允 许了。于是顿弱说广天下有的人有其实而无其名，有的无其实而有其 名，有的无其名又无其实，大王知道吗？ ”秦王说广不知道。”顿弱说：?‘有 其实而无其名的，是商人。他们无需挥动锄头劳作，却有实实在在的粮 食储备，这就是有其实而无其名。无其实而有其名的，是农民。春天解 冻的时候就开始耕田，脊背暴晒在阳光下除草，却没有积存的余粮，这 就是无其实而有其名。无其名又无其实的，就是大王您啊！被拥立为 万乘大国的君主，却没有孝敬母亲的美名；用方圓千里的土地奉养自 己，却没有孝顺的实际行动。”秦王勃然大怒。
The king of the state of Qin wanted Dun Ruo to pay a visit to him，but Dun Ruo said, “According to my own rule, I don’t bow in front of any sovereign. If His Majesty allows me to adhere to this rule, I will see him. If not, I won’t see him. ” The king agreed that Dun Ruo needed not bow to him. So Dun Ruo went to see him and said, “Among people all over the world, some own substantial wealth but don’t have titles, some don’t own substantial wealth but have titles, some neither own substantial wealth nor have titles. Your Majesty, do you know this?” The king said, “I don，t know that. ” Dun Ruo said，“Well，those owning substantial wealth but having no titles are merchants. They don’t need to work in the fields themselves. However，they have plenty of grain stored al home. So they are the ones who own substantial wealth but dony t have titles. Those not owning substantial wealth but having titles are farmers. They work hard to plough the fields after it thaws. Their backs are baked in the sun. However，they don?t have any grain stored at home. So they are the ones who don’t own substantial wealth but have titles. The one who neither owns substantial wealth nor has a title is Your Majesty! Having been appointed to be sovereign of a state with ten thousand chariots, you do not enjoy the high reputation of being a dutiful son. Although supported by the produce of one thousand square li of land, you don，t take any concrete action to practice filial piety. ” The king of Qin was irritated and became very angry towards Dun Ruo.
【原文】
顿弱曰广山东战国有六，威不掩于山东而掩于母，臣窃为大王不取也。”秦王曰:“山东之（建）[战]国可兼与？”顿子曰：“韩，天下之咽喉; 魏，天下之胸腹。王资臣万金而游，听之韩、魏，入其社稷之臣于秦，即 韩、魏从。韩、魏从而天下可图也秦王曰寡人之国贫，恐不能给 也顿子曰：“天下未尝无事也，非从即横也。横成，则秦帝；从成，即楚 王。秦帝，即以天下恭养；楚王，即王虽有万金，弗得私也。”
【今译】
顿弱说山东有六个实力强大的国家，大王的威势不能用来制服 它们，却用来压制自己的母亲，我私下认为大王这么做是不可取的。”秦王说：“山东地区强大的国家可以兼并吗？ ”顿弱说韩国是天下的咽 喉，魏国是天下的心腹。大王资助我一万镒黄金，让我去游说韩国和魏 国，使它们听从我的建议，让它们握有重权的大臣到秦国来为官，这样 韩国和魏国就服从了。韩国和魏国服从后，就可以图谋天下各国了。” 秦王说我的国家太穷，恐怕不能给你这么多金子。”顿弱说广天下没 有太平的时候，各国之间不是合纵就是连横。连横成功了，秦国就能称 帝；合纵成功了，楚国就能称王。秦国称帝了，就可以用全天下来供养 自己；楚国称王了，那大王即使有一万镒黄金，也不能独自占有了。”
Dun Ruo continued，“There are six powerful states located east of Mount Xiao. However，instead of overcoming them, you only focus on conquering you own mother. I personally think that you should not do so.” The king of Qin said, “Can I really annex those states located east of Mount Xiao?，，Dun Ruo said，“Regarding the state of Han, it is the throat of the world. The state of Wei is the heart of the world’ If you support me with ten thousand yi of gold, I will visit the states of Han and Wei and persuade them to take my advice，to allow their most powerful, highest-ranking court officials to work for our state. Thus Han and Wei will also submit to you. If this is the case, we can take further steps to conquer other states of the world. ” The king said, “My state is too poor to present you with such a huge amount of gold. ” Dun Ruo said, uThe states of the world will never live in peace. They will either practice Hezong or advocate Lianheng. If those advocating Lianheng succeed, our state will be able to unify the world and you will become Di, If those practicing Hezong succeed T the state of Chu will unify the world and its sovereign will become King. If you become Di, you will be supported by all the states in the world. If the sovereign of Chu becomes King,even if you have ten thousand yi of gold，you cannot keep it to yourself (since it will be claimed by the King). ”
【原文】
秦王曰: “善。”乃资万金，使东游韩、魏，人其将相；北游燕、赵，而杀李牧。齐王人朝，四国必从，顿子之说也.
【今译】
秦王说广说得好。’’于是资助顿弱一万镒黄金，让他向东去游说韩国和魏国的国君，让它们的大将军和相国都到秦国做官；向北游说燕国和赵国，杀死了李牧。齐王到秦国来朝拜，这四个国家完全听从秦国， 是顿弱说服了它们的缘故。
The king said, “I see.“ Then he presented Dun Ruo with ten thousand yi of gold and sent him to travel to the east to persuade the sovereigns of the states of Han and Wei. Bccause of Dun Ruo ? s efforts, Han and Wei sent their chief generals and prime ministers to work for the government of the state of Qin. Dun Ruo also went to the north to persuade the sovereigns of the states of Yan and Zhao. As a result, Li Mu was sentenced to death. The king of the state of Qi went to the state of Qin in person to show his respect and obedience. The states of Han, Wei，Yan and Zhao all submitted to Qin wholeheartedly due to Dun Ruo , s endeavours.