秦假道韩魏以攻齐
The Troops of Qin Traversed Han and Wei to Attack Qi
【原文】
秦假道韩、魏以攻齐，齐威王使章子将而应之。与秦交和而舍，使 者数相往来，章子为变其徽章，以杂秦军。候者言章子以齐入秦威 王不应。顷之间，候者复言章子以齐兵降秦。”威王不应。而此者三。 有司请曰言章子之败者，异人而同辞.王何不发将而击之？”王曰： “此不叛寡人明矣，曷为击之！”
【今译】
秦国军队穿过韩国和魏国境内来进攻齐国，齐宣王派匡章率领军 队迎战。齐军与秦军互相对峙地驻扎下来，两方多次派使者互相往来， 匡章让自己的士兵使用秦军的旗帜、穿上秦军的服装混入秦国的军队 中。负责侦察的人说匡章率领齐国的部队到秦国去了。”齐宣王不予 理睬。过了一段时间，负责侦察的人又说匡章率领齐国的军队投降 秦国了Z齐宣王还是不予理睬。这样重复了三次，一个执事的官员请 示说说匡章战敗了，不同的人都说同样的话。大王为什么不派出大将攻打他？ ”齐宣王说：“他不会背叛我，这是很显然的，为什么要进攻他!
The troops of Qin traversed Han and Wei to attack Qi. King Xuan of Qi appointed Kuang Zhang to lead the troops of Qi to confront the enemy. These two armies deployed opposite each other, and they both sent emissaries to the other side several limes, Kuang Zhang asked his soldiers lo use the enemy flags and dress themselves in the uniforms of the enemy troops and then intermingle with the enemy army. A spy reported to King Wei that Kuang Zhang and his troops had yielded to Qin, But King Xuan didn’t believe it. After a while，another spy reported that Kuang Zhang and tho troops of Qi had surrendered to Qin. But King Xuan didn’l believe it. This same story was repeated three times. Then an officer asked the king for instructions? “Several people said that Kuang Zhang had lost the war. Why not send another general to attack him?” The king said, “He definitely will not betray me. Why should I attack him?”
【原文】
顷间，言：“齐兵大胜，秦军大败。”于是秦王拜西藩之臣而谢于齐。 左右曰：“何以知之？ ”曰章子之母启得罪其父，其父杀之而埋马栈之 下。吾使（者）章子将也，勉之曰广夫子之强，全兵而还，必更葬将军之 母。’对曰臣非不能更葬先妾也。臣之母启得罪臣之父，臣之父未教 而死。夫不得父之教而更葬母，是欺死父也。故不敢。’夫为人子而不 欺死父，岂为人臣欺生君哉？”
【今译】
过了一些时候，有消息说：“齐国军队大获全胜，秦国军队遭到惨 敗J于是秦惠文王自称是齐国西方边陲的臣子，向齐国谢罪。齐宣王 周围的人问道怎么知道匡章不会叛变呢？”齐宣王说：“匡章的母亲启 得罪了他的父亲，他父亲把他母亲杀了埋在马厩下面0我派匡章带兵 打仗的时候，勉励他道：‘您非常英勇顽强，如果能率领军队全胜归来， 我一定将您的母亲另行安葬匡章回答说：‘并非我不能重新安葬我死 去的母亲。我的母亲启得罪了我的父亲，我的父亲没有留下话让我重 新安葬母亲就去世了。如果没有父亲的命令而重新安葬母亲，就是欺编 我已经亡故的父亲。所以我不敢这么做/作为一个儿子，他不会欺骗已 经去世的父亲；作为一个臣子，难道他就会欺骗还活在世上的君主吗？”
After some lime, news spread that the troops of Qi won the war and those of Qin suffered a debacle. Then the king of Qin regarded himself as one of Qi’s court officials from the west and apologized to the king of Qi for launching the military operation. The people around King Xuan asked him， “How could you know that Kuang Zhang would not betray our state?” King Xuan said，" Kuang Zhang 's mother offended his father, so his father killed her and buried her corpsc beneath the stall. When I appointed Kuang Zhang to lead my troops lo confront the enemy，I encouraged him as follows； 61 know you are very strong and brave. If you defeat the enemy and lead our officers and men back without severe casualties, I will definitely reinter your mother.， Kuang Zhang replied, 4 It is not that I can not reinter my mother. However，my mother offended my father. And my father didn’t tell me to reinter her before he died. If I reinter my mother without my father’s permission, I will cheat my deceased father, so I don’t dare to do that. 7 As a son, he would not cheat his deceased father. As a court official，how could he cheat his living sovereign?“