齐人有冯谖者
A Man from Qi Named Feng Xuan
【原文】
齐人有冯谖者，贫乏不能自存，使人属孟尝君，愿寄食门下。盂尝 君曰客何好？ ”曰客无好也。”曰广客何能？ ”曰客无能也。”孟尝君 笑而受之，曰诺左右以君贱之也，食以草具，
【今译】
齐国有一个叫冯谖的人，非常贫穷，不能养活自己，让别人对孟尝 君说自己愿意到他那里做一个门客讨口饭吃.孟尝君问道客人有什 么爱好？”冯谖说我没有什么爱好。”孟尝君问道客人有什么能耐？” 冯谖说：“我没有什么能耐。”孟尝君笑着接受了他，说好吧。”孟尝君 身边的人认为孟尝君看不起他，就给他吃粗劣的饭食，
Once in the state of Qi，there was a man named Feng Xuan. He was too poor to support his family. So he asked someone to tell Lord Mengchang that he wanted to become one of the lord ’ s hangers-on to make a living. Lord Mengchang asked Feng Xuan, “What，s your hobby?” Feng Xuan replied，“I have no hobby’，Lord Mengchang asked， uWhat Talent do you have?w Feng Xuan said, “I have no talent at all,” “I see. You can stay here, ”Lord Mengchang smiled and accepted him. The people around Lord Mengchang thought that the lord looked down upon Feng Xuan, so they only gave him simple food.
【原文】
居有顷，倚柱弹其剑，歌曰长铗归来乎！食无鱼。”左右以告。孟 尝君曰食之，比门下之客。”居有顷，复弹其铗，歌曰长铗归来乎! 出无车。”左右皆笑之，以告&盂尝君曰：“为之驾，比门下之车客。”于是 乘其车，揭其剑，过其友，曰：“盂尝君客我后有顷，复弹其剑铗，歌曰：“长铗归来乎！无以为家。”左右皆恶之，以为贪而不知足。孟尝君问: “冯公有亲乎？”对曰有老母孟尝君使人给其食用，无使乏。于是冯 援不复歌。
【今译】
过了一些时候，冯谖倚着柱子，弹着自己的剑，唱道：“长剑啊，我们 回去吧！吃饭没有鱼。”周围的人把这话告诉了孟尝君。孟尝君说给 他鱼吃*让他享受跟其他门客同样的饭菜过了一些时候，冯谖又弹着 他的剑，唱道：“长剑啊，我们回去吧！出门没有车/’周围的人都笑话 他，并把这事告诉了孟尝君。孟尝君说给他准备车.跟门下有车子的 客人一样于是冯谖坐着自己的车子、举着剑，去拜访他的朋友，说:“孟尝君把我当作了他的门客。”又过了一段时间，冯谖又弹着他的剑， 唱道长剑啊，我们因去吧！我没有自己的家周围的人都很讨厌他, 以为他太贪婪而不知道满足。孟尝君问他冯先生有亲人吗？”冯谖回 答说我有一个年迈的母亲。”孟尝君派人给他母亲送去食物和其他用 品，让她什么都不缺.于是冯谖不再唱歌了。
After some time, Feng Xuan leaned on a post, played his sword and sang, “My long sword，let’s go. I am not served with fish.，’ Other people there told Lord Mengchang about it. Lord Mengchang said, “Serve him with fish. Give him the same food as that of other hangers-on, ” After some time， Feng Xuan played his sword again and sang，“My long sword，let，s go. When I go out，I don，t have a carriage". All the people there laughed at him and they told the lord about il. Lord Mengchang said, “Prepare a carriage for him. Treat him the way we treat those who have carriages. ” Then Feng Xuan took his sword to visit his friend in his carriage and told him, “Look, Lord Mengchang has accepted me as one of his hangers-on," Some time later, he played his sword and sang again，“My long sword, let’s go, I don’t feel settled here, ” All the other people then disliked him and considered him too greedy to be satisfied. Lord Mengchang asked Feng, “Do you have a family，Mr Feng?” He replied，“I have a mother who is very old.，’ Lord Mengchang then seat some people to support his mother with enough food, cover all her expenses and make sure that she was short of nothing. Feng Xuan didn’t sing again.
【原文】
后孟尝君出记，问门下诸客谁习计会，能为文收责于薛者乎？ ”冯 读署曰能孟尝君怪之，曰此谁也？”左右曰广乃歌夫‘长铗归来’ 者也。”孟尝君笑曰客果有能也，吾负之，未尝见也Z请而见之，谢曰: “文倦于事，愦于忧，而性佇愚，沉于国家之事，开罪于先生。先生不羞， 乃有意欲为收责于薛乎？”冯谖曰愿之于是约车治装，载券契而行，辞曰广责毕收，以何市而反？ ”孟尝君曰：“视吾家所寡有者。”
【今译】
后来孟尝君张贴了一则告示，问门下众客人：“有谁熟悉会计，能替 我到薛地讨债？”冯谖在上面签上自己的名字说我能孟尝君感到奇 怪，就问：“这是谁呢？”身边的人说就是那个唱‘长剑啊，我们回去吧’ 的人。”孟尝君笑着说这个客人果然是有能耐的，我对不起他，没有与 他会面。”孟尝君请他来见面，并道歉说：“我被琐事弄得疲惫不堪，被忧 愁事搅得心烦意乱，而且生性又很懦弱愚钝，忙于国家事务，得罪了先 生。先生不感到受了羞辱，还有意为我到薛地收债吗？”冯谖说我愿 意去收债/’于是准备好了车子与行装，载着債券要出发了，跟孟尝君辞行说收完債后，我买些什么东西回来呢？”孟尝君说看看我家里缺 少什么，就买些回来吧。”
After that, Lord Mengchang put up a notice looking for an accountant. And he asked his hangers-on，“ Who is familiar with accounting and able to collect money from my debtors in Xue for me?” Feng Xuan wrote his name on the notification and said, “I can do that.'’ Lord Mengchang wondered about this and asked, “Who is this man?” The people around him said，“That’s the one who used to sing ‘let’s go, my long sword. ” Lord Mengchang smiled and said, “As expected, he is talented. I am sorry that I have not visited him. ” He then invited Feng to his home and apologized to him，“I am very tired of everyday trifles and often disturbed by some problems. Moreover, I am not born wise and am also very busy with government affairs* Thus I have offended you ( referring to having not visited him in person), Yel you are not angry with mo and still want to ask the debtors in Xue to settle their debts to me? ” Feng Xuan said, “Yes，I want to do that for you." Then he prepared his carriage, took his luggage and all the bills and said good-bye to the lord. He asked，“After I collect the debts，shall I buy anything for you before I come back?" Lord Mengchang said， “You can buy something I don’t have at home. ”
【原文】
驱而之薛，使吏召诸民当偿者，悉来合券。券遍合，起，矫命以责賜 诸民，因烧其券，民称万岁。
【今译】
冯谖驾车来到薛邑，打发那里的官吏把应该还债的百姓都召集起 来核对債券。债券核对完后，冯谖站起来，假传孟尝君的命令，把債款 赏赐给了百姓，接着焚烧了债券，人们都高呼孟尝君万岁。
Feng Xuan drove to Xue and asked the officers in charge of Xue to summon all the debtors owing money to the lord to come to him to check their bills. After all the bills were checked, Feng Xuan stood up and issued a false order to exempt aU the debts on behalf of the lord. Subsequently, he burnt all the bills. All the people there jubilantly and loudly expressed their thanks to the lord.
【原文】
长驱到齐，晨而求见。盂尝君怪其疾也，衣冠而见之，曰：“责毕收 乎？来何疾也！”曰"收毕矣。”“以何市而反？”冯谖曰君云：‘视吾家 所寡有者,臣窃计，君宫中积珍宝，狗马实外厩t美人充下陈，君家所寡 有者以义耳！窃以为君市义。”孟尝君曰市义奈何？”曰今君有区区 之薛，不拊爱子其民，因而贾利之.臣窃矫君命，以责賜诸民，因烧其券，民称万岁，乃臣所以为君市义也孟尝君不说，曰诺！先生休
【今译】
冯谖驾车一直赶回齐国，大清早就求见孟尝君。孟尝君奇怪.他回 来得如此迅速，穿好衣服、戴上帽子接见了他，说债都收完了吗？怎 么回来得这么快啊！’’冯谖说广收完了。”（孟尝君问道：）“买了什么东西 回来呢？”冯谖说您自己说：‘看看我家里缺少什么，就买些回来吧J 我私下里盘算着，您家中堆满珍宝，狗马挤满外面的畜栩，美女一排排。 您家里缺乏的只是义而已^我私自为您买了义孟尝君说怎么买义 呢？”冯谖说广如今您拥有小小的薛邑，不把那里的百姓当作子女般善 待，反而从他们身上渔利。我私自假托您的命令，把那些債款都赏賜给 欠债的百姓了，还焚烧了债券，百姓都高呼万岁。这就是我为您买的义。”孟尝君不高兴了，说好！先生住口吧！”
Then Feng Xuan drove directly back to Qi and went to see the lord in the morning. Lord Mengchang wondered why he came back that quickly，so he got dressed to meet him and asked, “Have you collected all the debts? Why did you come back so quickly?” Feng Xuan said，“Yes，I have finished the task. ” “What did you buy for me then?” asked the lord. Feng Xuan replied，“You told me to buy something you don’t have at home, I think your buildings are full of treasures, all the stalls are crowded with dogs and horses, and you also have many beautiful women. So I believe that the thing you don’t have here is righteousness. So I bought righteousness for you without asking for your permission.” Lord Mengchang said, “How could you buy righteousness?” Feng Xuan replied, “Now you own Xue. However, you don’t treat the people there a's if they were your own children. On the contrary, you take advantage of them to make huge profit for yourself, I issued a false order in your name to exempt all their debts. Then I burnt all the bills, and the people celebrated and applauded you. That?s how I bought righteousness for you. Lord Mengchang was not happy with him and said，“Hold your tongue!”
【原文】
后期年，齐王谓孟尝君曰：“寡人不敢以先王之臣为臣孟尝君就 国于薛，未至百里，民扶老携幼，迎君道中?盂尝君顾谓冯谖先生所 为文市义者，乃今日见之。”冯谖曰狡兔有三窟，仅得免其死耳。今君 有一窟，未得高枕而卧也。请为君复凿二窟。”孟尝君予车五十乘、金五 百斤，西游于梁。谓惠王曰：“齐放其大臣孟尝君于诸侯，诸侯先迎之 者，富而兵强。”于是梁王虚上位，以故相为上将军，遣使者，黄金千斤、 车百乘，往聘孟尝君。冯谖先驱，诫孟尝君曰广千斤，重币也；百乘，显使也。齐其闻之矣。”梁使三反，盂尝君固辞不往也。齐王闻之，君臣恐 惧，遣太傅赍黄金千斤、文车二驷、服剑一，封书谢孟尝君，曰广寡人不 祥，被于宗庙之祟，沉于谄谀之臣，开罪于君。寡人不足为也，愿君顾先 王之宗庙，姑反国统万人乎？”冯谖诫孟尝君曰广愿请先王之祭器，立宗 庙于薛庙成，还报孟尝君曰广三窟已就，君姑髙枕为乐矣。”
【今译】
又过了一年，齐王对孟尝君说我不敢让先王的大臣做我自己的 臣子孟尝君回到自己的封地薛邑，距离薛地还有一百里远，老百姓扶 老携幼，在道路上迎接孟尝君。孟尝君回过头去对冯谖说先生为我 买回的义，直到今天我才目睹了。”冯谖说狡猾的野兔有三个藏身的 洞穴，才仅仅能免于一死.如今您只有一个洞穴，还不能高枕无忧。请 让我再给您凿两个洞穴。”孟尝君给了他五十辆车子、五百斤黄金，冯谖 向西来到魏国游说魏惠王说：“齐王放逐了他的大臣孟尝君，让他到其 他国家去，哪个国家的君主能率先把他迎接过来，就会富国强兵/’于是 魏惠王腾出了最高的职位，把原相国调任为上将军，派遣使者栽着一千 斤黄金、率领一百辆车子，前去聘请孟尝君。冯谖抢先驱车回来告诫孟
尝君说一千斤黄金是非常责重的礼品，一百辆车子是十分显赫的使节。夺王大概听说这件事了/’魏国的使者往返了三次，孟尝君坚决拒 绝，不前往魏国。齐王听说了这件事，君臣上下非常惊恐，派太傅送来 一千斤黄金、两辆彩车、一把佩剑，并写了 一封信向孟尝君请罪道广都 是我不好，遭遇祖宗降下的灾祸，被谄媚阿谀的臣子所迷惑，得罪了您。 我不配让您为我做事，希望您看在先王的宗庙的份上，姑且返回国都 沆治万民好吗？”冯谖告诫孟尝君说广希望您要求得到祭祀先王的器 皿，在薛地建立先王的宗庙广宗庙建成后，冯谖回来向孟尝君禀报说: “三个洞穴已经完成了，您可以高枕无忧了。”
After a year，the king of Qi told Lord Mengchang? “I dare not employ the high-ranking court officials of our deceased king at my court. ” Lord Mengchang then resigned and went back to his fief—Xue. When he was still one hundred li from Xue, all the people，young and old，came to welcome him on the road> Lord Mengchang turned around and told Feng Xuan， “Now I witness first hand the righteousness you bought for me‘，，Feng Xuan said，“A sly hare digs three dens for itself. Then it can merely survive. Now you only have one ‘den', so you are still not safe. Please allow me to dig two more ‘dens’ for you." Lord Mengchang then gave him fifty carriages，five hundred jin of gold and sent him to travel to the west to consult with the king of Wei. Feng Xuan told the king, “Qi has dismissed its high-ranking court official—Lord Mengchang—from office and thus provided him the chance to serve other states. The sovereign who employs him first will enrich his state and strengthen his military forces." Hence，Wei’s king emptied out the highest position (referring to an opening for prime minister), appointed the former prime minister to be Commander-tn-Chief and sent emissaries with one thousand jin of gold and one hundred chariots to invite Lord Mengchang to work for hina. Feng Xuan drove back to the lord first and warned him，“One thousand jin of gold is a very generous gift. One hundred chariots show the prime importance of this diplomatic mission. The king of Qi should have heard it. ” The emissaries of Wei came three times, but Lord Mengchang flatly refused them. When the king of Qi heard that，both he and his court officials were terrified. Then the king sent the Grand Tutor with one thousand jin of gold，two well-decorated carriages，a sword and a letter to apologize to the lord- The letter said, “I am a person of no good. I have suffered from disasters caused by the deceased sovereigns at the ancestral temple and been cheated by devilish and toady court officials. As a result, I offended you, I know that I am not worthy to ask you to work for me again. But would you please come back to govern the people for the sake of our deceased sovereigns?" Feng Xuan cautioned Lord Mengchang，uPlease ask for the utensils used in rituals to worship our deceased sovereigns and build an ancestral temple in Xue. ” After the ancestral temple was finished, Feng Xuan returned to report to Lord Mengchang and said, “Now all the three ' dens ' are ready. You can rest easy and enjoy yourself. ”
【原文】
孟尝君为相数十年，无纤介之祸者，冯谖之计也。
【今译】
孟尝君做了几十年的相国，没有任何微小的灾祸，全靠了冯谖的妙计。
Lord Mengchang served as prime minister for dozens of years and was not involved in any problems because of Feng Xuan's schemes.