燕攻齐取七十余城
The Troops of Yan Attacked Qi and Occupied More Than Seventy Towns and Cities
【原文】
燕攻齐，取七十余城，唯莒、即墨不下D齐田单以即墨破燕，杀骑
劫。
【今译】
燕国进攻齐国，占领了七十多座城邑，只有莒和即墨没有被攻下。 齐将田单凭借着即墨击敗了燕国军队，杀死了燕将骑劫。
The troops of the state of Yan attacked the state of Qi and occupied more than seventy towns and cities. Only Ju and Jimo were not conquered. Based in the city of Jimo，Tian Dan defeated the troops of Yan and killed Qi Jie，the Commander-in-Chief of the troops of Yan.
【原文】
初，燕将攻下聊城，人或谗之。燕将惧诛，遂保守聊城，不敢归。田 单攻之岁余，士卒多死，而聊城不下。
【今译】
起初，燕国一名将领攻克了聊城，有人向燕王进谗言。燕国将领害 怕自己会被处死，于是就固守住聊城，不敢回国。田单攻打聊城，打了 一年多，士卒死伤很多，但聊城却没有被攻下。
After a general of the state of Yan seized Liaocheng, someone spoke ill of him in front of the king of Yan. The general was in fear that he might be sentenced to death because of the slander. So he stayed in Liaocheng and didn’t dare go back to Yan. Tian Dan attacked Liaocheng for more than one year. His troops suffered severe casualties. But they couldn’t reoccupy Liaocheng.
【原文】
鲁连乃书，约之矢以射城中，遗燕将曰吾闻之，智者不倍时而弃 利，勇士不怯死而灭名，忠臣不先身而后君。今公行一朝之忿，不顾燕 王之无臣，非忠也；杀身亡聊城，而威不信于齐，非勇也；功废名灭f后世 无称，非知也。故知者不再计，勇士不怯死3今死生荣辱，尊卑贵贱，此其一时也。愿公之详计而无与俗同也！且楚攻南阳，魏攻平陆，齐无南 面之心，以为亡南阳之害，不若得济北之利，故定计而坚守之。今秦人 下兵，魏不敢东面，横秦之势合，则楚国之形危。且弃南阳，断右壤，存 济北，计必为之。今楚、魏交退，燕救不至，齐无天下之规，与聊城共据 期年之弊，即臣见公之不能得也，齐必决之于聊城，公无再计！
【今译】
于是鲁仲连写了一封信，把它绑在一支箭上射到城中，信中对燕国 将领说我听说，智者不会做违背时势、放弃利益的事情，勇士不会因 贪生怕死而毁掉自己的声名，忠臣不会把自己放在首位而把君主放在 第二位。如今您在一时的愤怒驱使下行事，不顾燕王失去您这位大臣， 就是不忠；如果自己被杀，失去聊城，而且不能在齐国树立自己的威风， 就不能算勇猛；功劳和名声珉灭，后世不会称誉，就是不智口所以智者不会优柔寡断，勇士不会贪生怕死。如今生死荣辱、尊卑责贱都取决于这一刻啊。希望您仔细考虑，而不要作出跟世俗之人一样的决定！况 且，楚国进攻南阳，魏国进攻平陆，齐国却没有向南进攻楚国和魏国，是 因为失掉南阳的危害比不上得到聊城的利益，所以下定决心收复它。 如今秦国派兵营救齐国，魏国不敢向东进攻平陆，齐国跟秦国联合起 来，那楚国的形势就危险了。而且放弃南阳、丢掉平陆、保全济北，齐国 一定打算这么做。如今楚国和魏国都已经退兵，燕国的救兵却没有到 来，天下各国没有图谋齐国的，您的军队跟齐军在聊城相持了 一年时 间，已经疲弊，我看到您不能占据聊城了。齐国一定会在聊城展开决 战，您不要再犹豫了 ！
Lu Zhonglian then wrote a letter，attached it to an arrow and shot it into the city of Liaocheng. In the letter, Lu Zhonglian told the general of the state of Yan, “I have heard that wise people wouldn’t act against a situation or discard profit，valiant people wouldn’t damage their reputations by being mortally afraid of death, loyal court officials wouldn’t put themselves ahead of the sovereign. Driven by wrath, you are acting despite the fact that the king of the state of Yan might lose a high-ranking court official (referring to the general himself). So you shouldn’t be regarded as loyal. If you lose both your own life and the city of Liaocheng, your power cannot be popularized in the state of Qi. Thus you shouldn’t be considered valiant. II this is the case, not only will your efforts be in vain, but you will also harm your reputation. Therefore, you won，t be extolled by the generations to come. So you shouldn’t be regarded as a wise person，because a wise person doesn't hesitate to make decisions, A valiant person has no fear of death. Now whether you will survive or lose your life，be honoured or humiliated, become powerful or powerless, become prosperous or menial depends on whether or not you can grasp this opportunity. Please think about it carefully and don? t make decision as an ordinary person might do. In addition, although the troops of the state of Chu attacked Nanyang and those of the state of Wei invaded Pinglu，the state of Qi still didn’t plan to attack Chu and Wei southwards because in comparison with losing Nanyang, it is more advantageous to obtain Liaocheng, So the troops of Qi made up their mind to reoccupy this area at all costs. Now the state of Qin has dispatched its troops to rescue the state of Qi, As a result? the troops of the state of Wei dare not march eastwards. If Qi and Qin build an alliance? the state of Chu will be under threat. Moreover，Qi will definitely decide to safeguard the region north of the Jishui River at the cost of Nanyang and Pinglu. Now both the troops of the state of Chu and those of the state of Wei have retreated. However，the reinforcements of your state have not yet arrived. There is no state in the world scheming against the state of Qi, Your troops have confronted those of Qi for more than one year and therefore have become exhausted. So I foresee that you cannot hold the city of Liaocheng. The troops of Qi will definitely fight a decisive battle with you in Liaocheng. That’s certain!
【原文】
“彼燕国大乱，君臣过计，上下迷惑；栗腹以万万之众，五折于外，万乘之国，被围于赵，壤削主困，为天下戮。公闻之乎？今燕王方寒心独 立，大臣不足恃，国弊祸多，民心无所归。今公又以弊聊之民，距全齐之 兵，期年不解，是墨翟之守也；食人坎骨，士无反北之心，是孙膑、吴起之 兵也。能以见于天下矣！故为公计者，不如罢兵休士，全车甲，归报燕 王，燕王必喜^ 士民见公如见父母，交游攘臂而议于世，功业可明矣。 上辅孤主,以制群臣;下养百姓，以资说士。矫国革俗于天下，功名可立也。意者，亦捐燕弃世，东游于齐乎？请裂地定封，富比陶、卫，世世称孤寡〃 与齐久存，此亦一计也。二者显名厚实也，愿公熟计而审处一也。
【今译】
“燕国出现大乱，君臣失计，上下迷惑；栗腹率领百万大军，在国外屡次战敗，一个拥有一万辆战车的国家被赵国军队围困，土地被削割，君主陷入困境，为天下人所羞辱。您听说了吗？如今燕王正胆战心惊、 孤立无援，大臣不足以依靠，国家凋弊，祸乱多，民心无所归依。如今您 又用聊城疲弊的民众来抵御齐国军队，一年都没有被攻破，这是墨翟一 般的防守；吃人肉，用人骨头生火做饭，士卒没有投降的意思，这就跟孙 膑、吴起统帅的军队一般> 您的才能已经在天下显现出来了。所以为 您着想，不如撤兵，休养士卒，保全战车铠甲，回去禀报燕王，燕王一定 会很高兴。士人百姓见到您，如同见到生身父母一般，他们互相奔走， 袒露胳膊在世上议论，您的功业就会彰明了。上辅佐孤立无援的君主 来统治群臣，下使百姓得以维持生计，并且资助能言善辩的士人，变革国家风俗，就可以建立功名。所以说，您是要抛弃燕国与世人，寓居东方的齐国呢，还是想让燕国划出土地来确定您的封地，从而使自己跟 陶、卫的君主一样富有，并且世世代代做君主，跟齐国一样持久共存 呢~"这也是一个办法？这两个做法或能博得显要的美名，或能获得 丰厚的实惠，希望您能仔细考虑并且谨慎地选择其中的一个。
“On the other hand, the state of Yan is in severe chaos. Both the sovereign and court officials have followed bad policies. Superiors and inferiors are confused. Under the leadership of General Li Fu, Yan’s one million soldiers have suffered one debacle after another outside the state. As a state with ten thousand chariots，Yan has been besieged by the troops of the state of Zhao. It has lost its territory. Its sovereign is in trouble and therefore derided by people all over the world. Haven’t you heard that? Nowadays, the king of the state of Yan is in great fear and is isolated by other states. The high-ranking court officials are not reliable. The state is exhausted and beset with problems. The people are not of one mind. Now you are using the exhausted people of Liaocheng to confront the troops of the state of Qi. The enemy hasn’t breached it after one year. It means that you can safeguard Liaocheng like Mo Di did (referring to Mo Di preventing the troops of Chu from attacking the state of Song). People in the city arc eating human flesh and making cooking fires with human bones. However, both soldiers and civilians don，t want to surrender. It means that you can command the troops like Sun Bin and Wu Qi did. Therefore, your capability is known by people all over the world! So，for you，nothing could be better than laying down your arms， resting the troops，repairing the chariots and armour and returning to the state of Yan to report to the king there. The king will definitely be very happy with you- Scholars and the people will regard you as their own parent. With bare arms, they will travel around to discuss your contributions with other people of the world. Thus your achievements will become well-known. You can help the isolated king govern the state and ensure the survival of the people as well as support scholars. You can reform the customs and therefore accomplish great achievements and gain a high reputation in the eastern Qi as a guest or obtain some land from the state of Yan and therefore establish your own fief? Not only can you make yourself as wealthy as the lords of Tao and Wei,but you and your offspring can also be honoured as Lord and coexist with the state of Qi. This is another possibility. You can either gain a high reputation, or obtain some tremendous benefit. I hope you think about it carefully and make up your mind!
【原文】
“且吾闻，效小节者不能行大威，恶小耻者不能立荣名。昔管仲射 桓公中钩，篡也；遗公子纠而不能死，怯也；束缚桎梏，辱身也。此三行 者，乡里不通也，世主不臣也w使管仲终穷抑，幽闪而不出，惭耻而不 见，穷年没寿，不免为辱人贱行矣！然而管子并三行之过，据齐国之政，一匡天下，九合诸侯，为五伯首，名高天下，光照邻国。曹沫为鲁君将， 三战三北，而丧地千里。使曹子之足不离陈，计不顾后，出必死而不生， 则不免为败军禽将。曹子以败军禽将，非勇也；功废名灭，后世无称，非 知也。故去三北之耻，退而与鲁君计也，曹子以为遭。齐桓公有天下， 朝诸侯，曹子以一剑之任，劫桓公于坛位之上，颜色不变，而辞气不悖。 三战之所丧，一朝而反之，天下震动惊骇，威信吴、楚，传名后世。若此二公者，非不能行小节、死小耻也，以为杀身绝世，功名不立，非知也。 故去忿恚之心，而成终身之名；除感忿之耻，而立累世之功。故业与三 王争流，名与天壤相敝也。公其图之！”
【今译】
“而且我听说，注重小节的人不能成就大的威名，不忍受小的耻辱 的人不能建立美名。从前管仲用箭射齐桓公，射中了他的带钩，这就是 篡夺；侍奉公子纠而不能为他殉死，这就是怯懦；被鲁国囚禁，这就是身 遭凌辱。这三种行为，乡里人不称赞，普通的君主不任用这样的人做臣 子。假使管仲终生穷困，因为曾遭监禁感到压抑而不出仕，因为自己所 造受的耻辱感到惭愧而不去拜见齐桓公，就不免做一辈子被羞辱的'卑贱之人。然而管子同时拥有这三种过失，却执掌齐国的政事，一举匡正天下，九次会盟诸侯，使齐国成为五霸的首领，美名传遍天下，光辉照權 邻国。曹沫做鲁国军队将领的时候，三战三敗，而且丧失了一千里土 地。假使曹沫脚不曾离开阵地，不计一切后果，每次出战都抱定必死而 不生还的决心，那他就不免成为战敗军队的被生擒活捉的将军。曹沐 作为一个战敗军队的被生擒活捉的将军，不能算作英勇；功劳与名声都 泯灭，不被后世称颂，不能算作智慧。所以为给三次战敗雪耻，他从战 场上退还后，跟鲁国国君一同商议国事，认为遇到了合适的机会。齐桓 公占有天下，各国诸侯都去朝拜，曹沫凭着一把剑，在会盟的坛上劫持 桓公，面不改色、辞不悖理。三次战敗所失去的，一下子就重新赢得了，天下人都感到震动惊骇，他的威名传到吴楚地带，美名流传到后世。像以上两位大人，他们并非不能顾全小节，为了自己蒙受的小小的耻辱而 寻死，因为自己死去了，就不能建立功名，这么做是木明智的。所以他 们能抛开心中的愤恨，成就终生的美名；能不被耻辱左右，建立传世的 功劳。因此他们的功业可以跟三王相提并论，他们的美名可以跟天地 相媲美。您好好想想吧！”
“In addition, I have heard that if one pays too much attention to detail，he cannot obtain great power； if one doesn’t overlook insignificant humiliations? he cannot gain a high reputation. Previously, Guan Zhong shot at Duke Huan of the state of Qi and hit the duke J s belt button. That ^ s simply the murdering of a sovereign. He served Childe Jiu but refused to die as a martyr for the childe ? s sake. That 9 8 simply cowardice. He was put in prison by the state of Lu. That? s nothing but humiliation. People with these three aforementioned crimes will not be accepted by those who live in the same area，nor will ordinary sovereigns employ them as high-ranking court officials. Should Guan Zhong not accept the position offered to him because of his experience as a prisoner and refuse to meet Duke Huan due to feeling sorry for the humiliation he had suffered，he would have been a menial person and therefore derided by others during his lifetime! Although Guanzi had these three unbearable experiences ? he took over the government affairs of the state of Qi. With his help, Duke Huan put the whole world in order, arranged nine meetings participated in by sovereigns of all the states of the world, and became the leader of the Five Lord-protectors. Therefore, Guan Zhong was held in high repute by people all over the world and held in high esteem by neighbouring states. When Cao Mo was serving as Commander in-Chief of the troops of the state of Lu，he suffered one debacle after another and as a result, one thousand It of land been ceded to other states. If Cao Mo had stayed on the battleground, paid no attention to any aftermath and fought to the death，his troops would have been annihilated.and he himself would have been captured by the enemy. If this were the case, Cao Mo wouldn’t have been considered brave. Moreover，both his efforts and reputation would have vanished and therefore he wouldn7 t have been extolled by generations to come. Thus he wouldn’t have been regarded as intelligent. Therefore, in order to avenge the debacles he had suffered, he retreated from the battleground and went back to plan with the sovereign of the state of Lu. Cao Mo thought he was offered the right opportunity, Duke Huan of Qi took control of the whole world and made sovereigns of other states submit to his authority. Without showing any sign of cowardice and expressing himself with justifiable words，Cao Mo threatened Duke Huan with his sword on the platform (referring to the platform on which Duke Huan and the sovereign of the state of Lu met with each other to negotiate a ceasefire between the two states), Although he had lost three battles, he regained a high reputation at one stroke. People all over the world were terrified by his action. His power was known by the people of the states of Wu and Chu. His reputation was remembered by the following generations. As for these two aforementioned persons^ it is not that they couldn’t perform insignificant actions perfectly or give up their lives because of insignificant humiliations. They refused to act that way because it was unwise since they couldn’t make great contributions and gain high reputations by doing so. Hence, they would hold their anger and gain high reputations. They would suffer humiliations and make great contributions to the world. So their achievements can be mentioned in the same breath with those of the Three King Ancestors, Their reputations can match those of Heaven and Earth, Please think about it cafefully !"
【原文】
燕将曰广敬闻命矣！”因罢兵到（读）[椟]而去。故解齐国之围，救 百姓之死，仲连之说也。
【今译】
燕国将领说我恭敬地听从命令！”于是放下武器，撤兵离去。所 以为齐国解围、将百姓从死亡中解救出来的是鲁仲连的一番话，
The general of the state of Yan said，“I will follow and respect your instructions!” Then he laid down his arms and withdrew his troops. Due to these words of Lu Zhonglian, the siege of Qi was raised and the people were saved,