楚襄王为太子之时
At the Time King Xiang was Still Chu’s Crown Prince
【原文】
楚襄王为太子之时，质于齐。怀王薨，太子辞于齐王而归.齐王隘之予我东地五百里，乃归子；子不予我，不得归！”太子曰广有傅.请 追而问傅。”傅慎子曰广献之地，所以为身也。爱地不送死父，不义。臣 故曰献之便。”太子入，致命齐王曰敬献地五百里。”齐王归楚太子。
【今译】
楚襄王还是太子的时候，在齐国做人质。楚怀王去世后，太子向齐王告别，请求回楚国。齐王阻止他说你给我楚国东部五百里的土地， 就放你回去。你不给我，就不让你回去。”太子说广我有位老师，请允许 我回去问问他。”太子的老师慎子说献给他土地，是为了保护自己， 因为贪恋土地而不为死去的父亲送葬，是不义的。所以我说，还是献出 土地妥当太子进入宫中，禀报齐王说广我敬献上五百里土地z齐王 这才放楚太子回国。
Before King Xiang of Chu came into power, he was the crown prince of Chu and lived in the state of Qi as a hostage. After King Huai of Chu died, the crown prince asked Qin's king to allow him to go back to Chu. The king stopped him and said, “If you cede five hundred square li of land in the eastern part of Chu to me，I will allow you to return. If not, you cannot go back. ” The crown prince said，“I have a tutor, and 1 am going to ask him for instructions. ” Mr Shen，the crown princetutor，said，“In order to protect yourself, you can cede the land to him. If you don9 t go back for your father’s funeral because you don’t want to lose the land, it’s not righteous. So I think you can promise Qi the land. ” The crown prince went to the palace and reported to the king, UI will present you with five hundred li of land. ” Then the king of Qi permitted him to return to Chiu
【原文】
太子归，即位为王。齐使车五十乘来取东地于楚。楚王告慎子: “齐使来求东地，为之奈何？”慎子曰王明日朝群臣，皆令其献计。”
【今译】
太子回国后，即位做了楚王。齐国派出使者率领五十辆战车，来索 要楚国东部的土地。楚襄王告诉慎子说齐国的使者来索要东部的土 地，该怎么办？”慎子说大王明天朝见群臣，让他们都献上自己的计 策，，
The crown prince returned and took over the regime. Qi s king sent emissaries along with fifty chariots to Chu to ask for the eastern land. King Xiang asked Mr Shen，“Now Qi has sent emissaries here to ask for our eastern land. What shall I do?" Mr Shen said, “You can hold court tomorrow morning and ask all the high-ranking court officials to present their stratagems. ”
【原文】
上柱国子良人见。王曰寡人之得（求）[来]反，王坟墓、复群E、 归社稷也，以东地五百里许齐。齐令使来求地，为之奈何？”子良曰王 不可不与也。王身出玉声，许强万乘之齐而不与，则不信，后不可以约结诸侯。请与而复攻之。与之，信;攻之，武。臣故曰与之。”
【今译】
上柱国子良入宫拜见楚襄王。襄王说我能够返回楚国主持先王 葬礼、再见诸位大臣、执掌国家大权，是因为答应送给齐国东部五百里 的土地。齐国派使者来索要土地，该怎么办呢？”子良说大王不可以 不给它土地。大王说话一字千金，答应了强大的拥有一万辆战车的条国而不给它土地，就会失信，以后就不能跟别的国家订立盟约了。请給它然后再攻取它。给它土地是守信用，攻取它是表示我们的勇武。所 以我说给它土地/’
Zi Liang, the First Zhuguo, went to the court to see the king. The king said, “The reason that I could return from Qi to take charge of the funeral of our deceased sovereign, see you people again and maintain the state is that I have promised to cede five hundred li of our eastern land to Qi, Now Qi has sent emissaries here to ask for the land. What shall I do?” Zi Liang said, “I think you should give it the land. As a sovereign, you should not break your word. You have already promised the powerful Qi. If you don’t keep your word? we won’t be trusted by other states. Please give Qi the land now and we can later regain it by force. It is both honest and righteous to do so. So I 'suggest you give Qi the land. ’’
【原文】
子良出，昭常人见。王曰齐使来求东地五百里，为之奈何？”昭常 曰不可与也。万乘者，以地大为万乘。今去东地五百里，是去（战）国 之半也。有万乘之号，而无千乘之用也，不可！臣故曰勿与。常请守 之！”
【今译】
子良出来后，昭常进宫拜见。楚裏王说：“齐国派使者来索要我国 东部五百里的土地，该怎么办呢？”昭常说：“不能给它。拥有一万辆战 车的大国是因为领土广大才号称拥有一万辆战车。如今割让东部五百 里的土地，这就割走了我们的国土的一半，我们将空有万乘大国的虚名 而没有一个千乘国家的实力了，不行^所以我说不要给它。我请求守 卫那片土地。”
Zi Liang left and Zhao Chang went to see the king. The king asked, “Now Qi has sent emissaries here to ask for five hundred li of our eastern land. What shall I do?" Zhao Chang said，“We shouldn’t give it the land. Our state is recognized as a state with ten thousand chariots because we have a vast territory. If we cede five hundred li of our eastern land to Qi， our territory will be reduced by half- If this is the case, our state will only be a state with ten thousand chariots nominally，but won’t have the might of a state with one thousand chariots. We shouldn’t cede Qi the land. So I say ‘No， Please send me to defend the land. ”
【原文】
昭常出，景鲤人见。王曰齐使来求东地五百里，为之奈何？”景鲍 曰不可与也。虽然，楚不能独守。王身出玉声，许万乘之强齐也而不 与，负不义于天下。楚亦不能独守，臣请西索救于秦。”
【今译】
昭常出来后，景鲤进宫拜见。楚裏王说齐国派使者来索要我国 东部五百里的土地，该怎么办呢？”景鲤说不能给它。虽然不给它，楚 国也不能独自守御这块土地^大王说出的话一字千金，答应了拥有一 万辆战车的强大的齐国而不给它，就会在天下各国中背负不义的名声。 楚国也不能独自守御这块土地。我请求到西方向秦国求救
Zhao Chang left and Jing Li went to see the king. The king said，“Now Qi has sent emissaries here to ask for five hundred li of our eastern land. What shall I do?” Jing Li said, “We should not cede the land to Qi. However, we cannot defend it alone. At any rate，as a sovereign，you should keep your word. Since you have already promised Qi，if we don，t give it the land, people all over the world will consider us unrighteous. The state of Chu cannot keep this land itself. Please allow me to go to the west to ask Qin for help. ”
【原文】
景鲤出，慎子入，王以三大夫计告慎子曰广子良见寡人，曰：‘不可不与也，与而复攻之。’常见寡人，曰：‘不可与也，常请守之。’鲤见寡人， 曰不可与也。虽然，楚不能独守也，臣请索救于秦。’寡人谁用于三子 之计？”慎子对曰：“王皆用之。”王怫然作色，曰: “何谓也？”慎子曰臣 请效其说，而王且见其诚然也。王发上柱国子良车五十乘，而北献地五雩百里于齐；发子良之明日，遣昭常为大司马，令往守东地；遺昭常之明 日，遣景鲤车五十乘，西索救于秦。”王曰善。”乃遣子良北献地于齐。 遣子良之明日，立昭常为大司马，使守东地D又遣景鲤西索救于秦。
【今译】
景鲤出来后，慎子进宫拜见。楚衮王把三个大夫的计策告诉了慎 子，说子良来见我说：‘不可以不给它土地，先给了它然后再攻取它/昭常来见我说：‘不能给它，我请求守卫那片土地/景鲤来见我说：‘不 能给它。虽然不给它，楚国也不能独自守御这块土地，我请求到秦国求 援Z这三个人中我该采用谁的计策呢？ ”慎子回答说大王全部采用他 们的计策。”楚襄王愤怒地改变了脸色，说：“这是什么意思？”慎子说: “请让我解释一下自己的说法，大王就知道的确应该这样了。大王派上 柱国子良率领五十辆战车，%北到齐国进献五百里的土地给它。派出 子良的第二天，任命昭常为大司马，令他前去守卫东部的土地。派遣昭 常的第二天，派景鯉率领五十辆车子，向西到秦国求救。”楚襄王说: “好。”于是派遣子良向北到齐国去进献土地。派出子良的第二天，任命 昭常为大司马，让他守卫东部的土地。又派遣景鲤到西方向秦国求救。
Jing Li left and Mr Shen went to see the king. The king informed him of the stratagems of those three high-ranking court officials and said, “When Zi Liang saw me, he said, We shouldn’t refuse to give Qi the land. However, we can present them with the land now and take it back by force. When Zhao Chang saw me，he said，‘We shouldn’t give Qi the land. Please send me there to defend it. 7 When Jing Li saw me，he said, 4 We shouln’t give Qi the land. However, we cannot defend it alone. Please allow me to go to the west to ask Qin for help. 7 Of the three of them, whose advice do you think I should take?” Mr Shen said, “You should use all of them. ” The king was angry. His expression changed and he said，“What do you mean?” Mr Shen said，“Please allow me to explain. Then you will see what I said is really right. You can send Zi Liang the First Zhuguo to lead fifty chariots to march to the north to present five hundred li of land to Qi. The day after Zi Liang is sent, you can appoint Zhao Chang to be Grand Sima (referring to minister of war) and send him to defend the eastern land. The day after Zhao Chang is sent, you can send Jing Li with fifty chariots to go to the west to ask Qin for help. ” The king said, “Good idea. ” Then he sent Zi Liang to travel towards the north to present the land to Qi. The next day，he appointed Zhao Chang to be Grand Sima and sent him to defend the eastern land. Then he sent Jing Li to go to the west to ask Qin for help.
【原文】
子良至齐，齐使人以甲受东地。昭常应齐使曰广我典主东地，且与 死生。悉五尺至六十，三十余万，弊甲钝兵，愿承下尘！”齐王谓子良曰：“大夫来献地，今常守之，何如？”子良曰：“臣身受命弊邑之王，是常矫 也口王攻之！”齐王大兴兵攻东地，伐昭常。未涉疆，秦以五十万临齐右 壤，曰夫隘楚太子弗出，不仁；又欲夺之东地五百里，不义。其缩甲则 可，不然，则愿待战！”齐王恐焉，乃请子良南道楚，西使秦，解齐患。士 卒不用，东地复全。
【今译】
子良来到齐国，齐国派使者带领武装的军队接管东部的土地。昭 常对齐国的使者说：“我奉命守卫东部的土地，将要跟它共生死。从五 尺的少年到六十岁的老人，我们共有三十多万人驻扎在这里，武器破弊，却愿意对阵一战。”齐王对子良说：“您来进献土地，如今昭常却在那里守卫着，该怎么办？”子良说我亲自从我们的君主那里接受的命令, 一定是昭常假托楚王的命令，大王攻打他吧。”齐王派出大规模的军队 攻打东部的土地，来讨伐昭常。齐国军队还没有进入东部土地的地界， 秦国就派出五十万军队逼近了齐国西部边境。秦军声称：“阻拦楚太子 不让他因国，是不仁；又想夺取楚国东部五百里的土地，是不义^如果 你们撤兵还可以，不撤兵的话，我们愿意等着开战齐王很是惊恐，于 是请子良向南回到楚国，派人向西出使秦国，来解除齐国面临的祸患。 楚国没有动用军队就保全了东部的土地。
Zi Liang arrived in Qi. Qi sent armed force to take over the eastern land. Zhao Chang told Qi's emissary, “I am in charge of defending the eastern land and am going to fight to the death to safeguard it. We have more than three hundred thousand troops here，including young boys five chi tall and old men in their sixties. Our weapons are of low quality. However, we are ready to confront you. ”kingtold Zi Liang，“You are here to present me the land，Sir, But Zhao Chang is there to defend it. What shall we do then?” Zi Liang said, “I took the order from our sovereign. Therefore, Zhao Chang must have issued an false order in our sovereign’s name. You can attack him. ” Qi's king sent a huge army to approach the eastern land and attack Zhao Chang, Before these troops entered the eastern land, an army with five hundred thousand soldiers sent by the state of Qin approached Qi's western border, and the army declared, It was not benevolent to stop Chu's crown prince from going home. And it is not righteous to try to seize five hundred li of the eastern land. We will forgive you if you withdraw your troops. Otherwise, we are going to launch an attack against you. ” Qi's king was terrified by this. He then asked Zi Liang to go southwards to return to Chu and also sent some emissaries to the west to make peace with Qin, Thus Chu maintained its eastern land successfully without using its officers and men at all.