专业词汇翻译:高盛财经词典 - 汉英对照 M

中文术语英文术语英文解释买方叫价ask (price)the price a seller is willing to accept for a security, also known as the offer price. 买方buy-sidethe investing institutions such as mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance firms that tend to buy large portions of securities. 买方出价bidan offer by an investor, trader, or dealer to buy a security. the price at which a market maker is willing to buy a security. 买方出价bid pricethe price a buyer is willing to pay for a security. 买方垄断monopsonysimilar to a monopoly, but where a large buyer (not seller) controls a large proportion of the market and drives the prices down. sometimes referred to as the buyers monopoly. 买方市场buyer's marketa market condition characterized by an abundance of goods available for sale. 买回日期call datethe date on which a bond can be redeemed before maturity. if the issuer feels there is a benefit to refinancing the issue, the bond may be redeemed on the call date at par or at a small premium to par. 买回收益率yield to callthe yield of a bond or note if you were to buy and hold the security until the call date. this yield is valid only if the security is called prior to maturity. the calculation of yield to call is based on the coupon rate, the length of time to the call date, and the market price. 买回溢价call premiumthe dollar amount over the par value of a convertible fixed income and debt security. this amount is given to holders when the security is called by the issuer due to the soft call provision. the amount the purchaser of a call option must pay to the writer. 买卖差价bid-ask spreadthe amount that the ask price exceeds the bid. 买入buya recommendation to purchase a specific security. 买入并持有buy and holdan investing strategy where stocks are bought and held for a long period regardless of fluctuations in the market. 买入-出售比率put-call ratioa ratio of the trading volume of put options to call options. it is used to gauge investor sentiment. 买入-出售价差put-call paritythe relationship between the price of a put and the price of a call on the same underlying with the same expiration date. 买入对冲buying hedge a transaction that commodities investors undertake to hedge against possible increases in the prices of the actuals underlying the futures contracts. 买入期权callan option contract giving the owner the right (but not the obligation) to buy a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified price within a specified time. 买入期权call optionan agreement that gives an investor the right (but not the obligation) to buy a stock, bond, commodity, or other instrument at a specified price within a specific time period. 买入认股权证call warranta warrant that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying share for an agreed price, on or before a specified date. 卖出sella recommendation to sell a particular security. the process of liquidating an asset in exchange for money. 卖出对冲selling hedgea hedging strategy used in futures markets whereby the sale of futures contracts are meant to offset a long underlying commodity position. 卖方寡头垄断oligopsonysimilar to an oligopoly, but where a small number of large buyers (not sellers) control a large proportion of the market and drive prices down. 卖方市场seller's marketa market condition characterized by a shortage of goods available for sale. 卖空selling shortthe selling of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale that is completed by the delivery of a security borrowed by the seller. short sellers assume that they will be able to buy the stock at a lower amount than the price at which they sold short 卖空short sellingthe selling of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale that is completed by the delivery of a security borrowed by the seller. short sellers assume that they will be able to buy the stock at a lower amount than the price at which they sold short 毛收入gross incomefor individuals, it is your total personal income before deductions. for companies, it is their revenue minus cost of goods sold (also called gross margin). 贸易加权美元trade-weighted dollarthe trade-weighted dollar represents the foreign currency price of the u.s. dollar or the export value of the u.s. dollar. 贸易融资trade financethe science that describes the management of money, banking, credit, investments, and assets for international trade transactions. 每股现金流cash flow per sharecash flow from operations minus preferred stock dividends, divided by the number of common shares outstanding. this measures a firm's financial strength.? 每股销售额sales per sharea ratio that computes the total revenue earned per share over a 12-month period. it is calculated by dividing total revenue earned in a fiscal year by the weighted average of shares outstanding for that fiscal year. 每股盈利epsthe portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. calculated as:

net income - dividends on preferred stock

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average outstanding shares

companies usually use a weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term.

每股盈利earnings per share (eps)the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. calculated as:

net income - dividends on preferred stock

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average outstanding shares

companies usually use a weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term.

每股资产净值navpsin mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. in corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding. 每股资产净值nav per sharein mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. in corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding. 每股资产净值net asset value per sharein mutual funds, the value of a mutual fund share. calculated by dividing the total net asset value of the fund by the number of shares outstanding. in corporate valuations, the net asset value divided by the number of shares outstanding. 每股自由现金流free cash flow per sharea measure of a company's financial flexibility. it is calculated as net income plus all non-cash expenses, less dividends and capital expenditures. the total is then divided by the number of shares outstanding. 每普通股账面价值book value per commona measure used by owners of common shares within a firm to determine the level of safety associated with each individual share after all debts are paid accordingly. 每日产量（桶）barrel's per daya statistic often used to determine output for oil production. 美国财政部u.s. treasurythe united states department of the treasury is the government department responsible for issuing all treasury bonds, notes, and bills. 美国存托股份american depository share (ads)a share issued under deposit agreement that represents an underlying security in the issuer's home country.?美国存托凭证american depository receipt (adr)a stock representing a specified number of shares in a foreign corporation. adrs are bought and sold in the american markets just like regular stocks. an adr is issued by a u.s. bank, consisting of a bundle of shares of a foreign corporation that are being held in custody overseas. the foreign entity must provide financial information to the sponsor bank. adrs do not eliminate the currency and economic risks for the underlying shares in another country.

adrs are listed on either the nyse, amex, or nasdaq. 美国股票交易所american stock exchangethe third largest stock exchange in the united states. the amex is located in new york and handles approximately 10% of all securities traded in the states. apics（美国生产及库存控制协议）商业前景指数apics business outlook index a national manufacturing index that surveys several manufacturing firms on a monthly basis. if the index is above 50 it signals expansion, if it dips below 50 it indicates contraction. 美国证券交易监督委员会 （美国证监会）seca government commission created by congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors. in addition to regulation and protection, it also monitors the corporate takeovers in the united states. the sec is composed of five commissioners appointed by the president of the united states and approved by the senate. the statutes administered by the sec are designed to promote full public disclosure and protect the investing public against fraudulent and manipulative practices in the securities markets. generally, most issues of securities offered in interstate commerce, through the mail, or on the internet, must be registered with the sec. 美国证券交易监督委员会 （美国证监会）securities & exchange commission (sec)a government commission created by congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors. in addition to regulation and protection, it also monitors the corporate takeovers in the united states. the sec is composed of five commissioners appointed by the president of the united states and approved by the senate. the statutes administered by the sec are designed to promote full public disclosure and protect the investing public against fraudulent and manipulative practices in the securities markets. generally, most issues of securities offered in interstate commerce, through the mail, or on the internet, must be registered with the sec. 美式期权american optionan option that can be exercised anytime during its life. 美国证券库斯普号码cusip numbera number identifying all stocks and registered bonds. the committee on uniform securities identification procedures (cusip) oversees the entire cusip system. 猛犬债券bulldog bonda sterling denominated bond that is issued in london by a company that is not british. 密歇根消费者信心指数michigan consumer sentiment indexa survey of consumer confidence conducted by the university of michigan. the preliminary report is released on the tenth (except on weekends) of each month. a final report for the prior month is released on the first of the month. 免税期tax holidaya government incentive program that offers a tax reduction to foreign investors. 面值face valuethe stated principal amount of a debt instrument. the value printed value on a banknote or coin. 民营化privatization the transfer of ownership from government owned to a privately owned corporation. 敏感度分析sensitivity analysisa technique for determining what might happen in a decision analysis if a key prediction turns out to be wrong. 名义股东dummy shareholdera person who holds shares in his or her name, but the shares are really owned by someone else. 名义价值nominal valuethe stated value of an issued security that remains fixed, as opposed to its market value, which fluctuates. 名义利率nominal interest ratethe interest rate unadjusted for inflation. 名义收益率nominal yieldthe interest rate stated on the face of a bond, it represents the percentage of interest to be paid by the issuer on the face value of the bond. 目标公司target companya firm that has been targeted by another firm for a takeover. 目标价格target pricethe projected price level as stated by an investment analyst or advisor