专业词汇翻译:高盛财经词典 - 汉英对照 F

中文术语英文术语英文解释发行备忘录Offering MemorandumA legal document stating the objectives, risks, and terms of investment involved with a private placement. 发行成本Flotation CostThe costs associated with the issuance of new securities. 发行人IssuerThe entity, such as a corporation or municipality, that offers (or proposes to offer) its securities for sale. 发行、上市FlotationThe process of changing a private company into a public company by issuing shares and soliciting the public to purchase them. 发行说明书Offering CircularAn abbreviated prospectus for a new security listing. Delivered to individuals and brokerage houses, these documents are issued to arouse interest in the new issue. 发展阶段Development StageA company that is focusing a majority of its attention on research & development. Because attention is focused on research, earnings are usually very small or nothing. 法定人数QuorumThe minimum acceptable level of individuals with a vested interest in a company needed to make the proceedings of a meeting valid under the corporate charter. 反垄断法Anti-trustThe antitrust laws apply to virtually all industries and to every level of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and marketing. They prohibit a variety of practices that restrain trade. Examples of illegal practices are price-fixing conspiracies, corporate mergers likely to reduce the competitive vigor of particular markets, and predatory acts designed to achieve or maintain monopoly power. 反收购措施Anti-takeover MeasureMeasures taken on a continual or sporadic basis by a firm's management in order to prevent or deter unwanted takeovers. 反收购法规Anti-takeover StatuteA set of state regulations that prevent or deter companies from attempting hostile takeovers. These regulations vary across state lines and typically affect only the companies incorporated within the state. 反摊薄条款Anti-dilution ProvisionA provision in an option or a convertible security. It protects an investor from dilution resulting from later issues of stock at a lower price than the investor originally paid. 反通货膨胀DisinflationA slowing of the rate at which prices increase. Typically, this occurs during a recession as sales drop and retailers are not able to pass on higher prices to customers. 反向收购Reversed takeoverWhen a larger company is bought out by a smaller company. The purchasing of a public company by a private company. 范畴经济Economies of ScopeAn economic theory stating that the average total cost of production decreases as a result of increasing the number of different goods produced. 防御性投资Defensive BuyAn investment that is an attractive buy because it is low risk, not because of its return potential. 防御性投资策略Defensive Investment StrategyA method of portfolio allocation and management aimed at minimizing the risk of losing principal. Defensive investors place a high percentage of their investable assets in bonds, cash equivalents, and stocks that are less volatile than average. 房地产Real EstateReal estate that generates income. 房地产代理Real Estate AgentA person with a state/provincial license to represent a buyer or a seller in a real estate transaction in exchange for a commission. Most agents work for real estate brokers or realtors. 房地产抵押MortgageA loan, secured by the collateral of some specified real estate property, in which the borrower is obligated to make a predetermined set of payments to repay the loan. 房地产抵押银行家Mortgage BankerThe lender in a mortgage contract, or the one making the loan directly 房地产投资信托REITA security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages.

REITs receive special tax considerations, and typically offer investors high yields as well as a highly liquid method of investing in real estate. 房地产投资信托Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)A security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages.

REITs receive special tax considerations, and typically offer investors high yields as well as a highly liquid method 放宽管制Deregulation The reduction or elimination of government power within a particular industry. Deregulation is usually enacted to create more competition within an industry. 非经常项目Extraordinary ItemGains or losses included in a company's financial statements, which are infrequent and unusual in nature. These are usually explained further in the 'notes to the financial statements.' 非经常开支Nonrecurring ChargeAn expense occurring only once on a company's financial statement. 非劳动收入Unearned IncomeAny income that comes from investments and other sources unrelated to employment services. 非牟利机构Non-Profit OrganizationAn association that is given tax free status. Donations to a non-profit organization are often tax deductible as well. 非强制买回保障Soft Call ProtectionA feature added to convertible fixed-income and debt securities. The provision dictates that a premium will be paid by the issuer if early redemption occurs. 非营运资产Non-Operating AssetAssets that are unnecessary to the ongoing operations of a business. 非营运现金流Non-Operating Cash FlowsCash inflows and outflows related to non-current investments, financing, and dividends. 分拆上市CarveoutSometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering. Where an established brick-and-mortar company hooks up with venture investors and a new management team to launch an Internet spinoff. 分拆DemergerA corporate strategy to sell off subsidiaries or divisions of a company. 分拆、出售资产DivestitureRefers to the sale of a subsidiary company, also called "spin-off." 分拆SpinoffA new, independent company created through selling or distributing new shares for an existing part of another company. 分拆收购UnbundlingTaking over a large company with several different lines of business and retaining the core business while selling off the subsidiaries to help fund the takeover. 分股Stock SplitThe division of a company's existing stock into more shares. In a 2-for-1 split, each stockholder would receive an additional share for each share formerly held.