医学英语阅读：职业道德准则要素

Element of the Code # 1 : NURSES AND PEOPLE　 Practitioners and Managers　 Educators and Researchers　 National Nurses' Associations　 Provide care that respects human rights and is sensitive to the values, customs and beliefs of people.　 In curriculum include references to human rights, equity, justice, solidarity as the basis for access to care.　 Develop position statements and guidelines that support human rights and ethical standards.　 Provide continuing education in ethical issues.　 Provide teaching and learning opportunities for ethical issues and decision making.　 Lobby for involvement of nurses in ethics review committees.　 Provide sufficient information to permit informed consent and the right to choose or refuse treatment.　 Provide teaching/learning opportunities related to informed consent.　 Provide guidelines, position statements and continuing education related to informed consent.　 Use recording and information management systems that ensure confidentiality.　 Introduce into curriculum concepts of privacy and confidentiality.　 Incorporate issues of confidentiality and privacy into a national code of ethics for nurses.　 Develop and monitor environmental safety in the workplace.　 Sensitize students to the importance of social action in current concerns.　 Advocate for safe and healthy environment.　 Element of the Code # 2 : NURSES AND PRACTICE　 Practitioners and Managers　 Educators and Researchers　 National Nurses' Associations　 Establish standards of care and a work setting that promotes quality care.　 Provide teaching/learning opportunities that foster life long learning and competence for practice.　 Provide access to continuing education, through journals, conferences, distance education, etc.　 Establish systems for professional appraisal, continuing education and systematic renewal of licensure to practice.　 Conduct and disseminate research that shows links between continual learning and competence to practice.　 Lobby to ensure continuing education opportunities and quality care standards.
　 Monitor and promote the personal health of nursing staff in relation to their competence for practice.　 Promote the importance of personal health and illustrate its relation to other values.　 Promote healthy lifestyles for nursing professionals. Lobby for healthy workplaces and services for nurses.　 Element of the Code # 3 : NURSES AND THE PROFESSION　 Practitioners and Managers　 Educators and Researchers　 National Nurses' Associations　 Set standards for nursing practice, research, education and management.
　 Provide teaching/learning opportunities in setting standards for nursing practice, research, education and management.　 Collaborate with others to set standards for nursing education, practice, research and management.　 Foster workplace support of the conduct, dissemination and utilisation of research related to nursing and health.　 Conduct, disseminate and utilize research to advance the nursing profession.　 Develop position statements, guidelines and standards related to nursing research.　 Promote participation in national nurses' associations so as to create favourable socio-economic conditions for nurses.　 Sensitize learners to the importance of professional nursing associations.
　 Lobby for fair social and economic working conditions in nursing. Develop position statements and guidelines in workplace issues.　 Element of the Code #4 : NURSES AND CO-WORKERS　 Practitioners and Managers　 Educators and Researchers　 National Nurses' Associations　 Create awareness of specific and overlapping functions and the potential for interdisciplinary tensions.　 Develop understanding of the roles of other workers. 　 Stimulate co-operation with other related disciplines.　 Develop workplace systems that support common professional ethical values and behaviour.　 Communicate nursing ethics to other professions.　 Develop awareness of ethical issues of other professions.　 Develop mechanisms to safeguard the individual, family or community when their care is endangered by health care personnel.　 Instil in learners the need to safeguard the individual, family or community when care is endangered by health care personnel.　 Provide guidelines, position statements and discussion for a related to safeguarding people when their care is endangered by health care personnel.