34. with the end of the cold war, germany is expected to_____________ .
[a] remain under the umbrella of the u s
[b] assume a new national pride
[c] become the financial center of europe
[d] have surges of rightist killings
35. the unique experiment of european union requires germany to_____________ .
[a] enter a post-national era
[b] return to the old proud fatherland
[c] abandon sovereignty and government
[d] seek a shifting identity
text 4
for many years, and discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of african slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed.
opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. first, the assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when the us gov??ernment apologized and paid compensation to japanese-americans interned during the world war ii. similarly, holocaust （大屠杀） survivors have received payments from the germans. in addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3 000 were slave owners.
also, many immigrants not only came to the united states after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. should they pay reparations, too？or should they receive them？
and regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the united states' wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. as a group, afro-americans are the best-educat??ed, wealthiest blacks on the planet.
but that attitude is slowly changing. at least 10 cities, including chicago, detroit and washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. mainstream civil rights groups such as national association for the advancement of colored people, the national urban league and the southern christian leadership conference regularly raise the issue.
the surging interest in reparable heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million africans perished in the journey to the americas alone. there also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty, that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole.
earliest this year, aetna inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. last summer, the hartford courant in connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. next month, a new california law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. the state also is requiring university of california officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current california businesses benefited.
proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation, in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.
36. the reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following except that .
[a] compensations usually go to direct victims
[b] blacks who came after slavery ended should not receive compensations
[c] blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slavery
[d] some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves
37. immigrants in paragraph 3 refers to .
[a] afro-americans [b] non-white immigrants
[c] japanese-americans [d] holocaust survivors
38. that the reparations movement is winning support in america is shown in the fact that___ .
[a] federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slavery
[b] even mainstream civil rights groups were persuaded
[c] growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacks
[d] there was more public awareness of the horrors of the whites
39. the two private companies that made public apology had_______________ .
[a]given slave owners financial losses
[b]sold slaves and captured runaways
[c]operated insurance and advertisement businesses
[d]depended on slavery for their existence
40. which of the following is true according the passage？
[a] us government killed japanese-americans during world war ii.
[b] a new californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.
[c] national urban league is one of the civil right groups.
[d] blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.
part b.directions： in the following article, some sentenceshave been removed. for questions 41—45, choose the most suitable onefrom the list a—g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are twoextra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. mark your answerson answer sheet 1.
gene therapy could be given in advance toprotect high-risk patients from the consequences of suffering a strokeor heart attack, suggests a new study. a team of researchers at brighamand women's hospital in boston, us, and queen’s university in ontario,canada, have shown that animals equipped with an extra gene can survivesimulated heart attacks virtually undamaged.41_______________________________________.
strokes and heartattacks occur when blockages in the arteries supplying the brain orheart muscles cut off the supply of blood to tissues. the resultinglack of oxygen kills cells, often leaving people with permanent damage,if they survive. cells do have ways of protecting themselves whenoxygen levels are low. they switch on the genes for a number ofprotective proteins, including heme oxygenase-1. but the researchersfound that it takes 12 hours or more for cells to produce high levelsof ho-1, by which time it is too late.
42____________________________________. the ho-1 protein produced bythe gene is identical to the natural human protein. the difference isthat the added gene has multiple copies of the switch, or promotersequence, that turns on protein production.
43_____________________________________. experiments in the lab showthat cells with the extra gene produce high levels of ho-1 within anhour of oxygen levels plummeting. next, the team injected the virusinto the heart, liver or muscle tissue of rats and then cut off theblood supply to these tissues for up to an hour.the level of protectionwas dramatic,says team member victor dzau, now at duke university innorth carolina. more recent tests show the approach can also protectbrain cells, he told new scientist.
44____________________________________________. but the trouble withthis approach is that there is only a narrow window of time when thesedrugs can make a difference.
45.__________________________________________________.
the researchers believe the approach has broad applications. besidespeople who have a high risk of having a stroke or heart attack, thetherapy could also help patients with injuries, shock or bacterialinfections, which can reduce the blood supply to some tissue or organs,they point out. it could also be given to patients prior to complicatedoperations. if necessary, more genes could be added to the virus toprovide even better protection.
[a] the extra gene makes no difference normally, but when oxygen levels fall, more ho-1 is produced more quickly.
[b] there are already drugs that can be given to patients who suffer heart attacks or strokes to help reduce cell death.
[c]the gene switches on quickly in conditions of low oxygen and saves cells from death.
[d] then the extra gene can save the high-risk patients from a stroke or heart attack.
[e] if cells could be coaxed to produce more ho-1 faster, theresearchers reasoned, the cells might be saved during a stroke or heartattack. so they modified an adeno-associated virus to deliver an extraho-1 gene to cells.
[f] the team now plans to test the genetherapy on larger animals such as pigs.we are convinced this strategyis going to be effective,says dzau.
[g] by the time peoplereach a hospital and are diagnosed, it is often too late. givinghigh-risk patients gene therapy in advance, by contrast, would ensurethat the protective mechanism kicks in as soon as it is needed.
part cdirections：
read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into chinese. your translation must be written clearly onanswer sheet 2. （10 points）
wisdom born of experience shouldtell us that was is obsolete. 46） there may have been a time when warserved as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of anevil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates eventhe possibility that war may serve any good at all. in a day whenvehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carvehighways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victoryin war. a so-called limited war will leave little more than acalamitous legacy human suffering, political and spiri??tualdisillusionment. a world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mutetestimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death.47） if modern man continues toy unhesitat??ingly with war, he willtransform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even mind of dante（但丁） could not imagined
48） therefore i suggest that thephilosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immedi??ately a subjectfor study and for serious experimentation in every field of humanconflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. it is,after all, nation-states, which make war, which have produced theweapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are bothgenocidal and suicidal in character.
we have ancient habits todeal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problemsto solve. 49） but until we resign our humanity altogether and yield tofear and incapability in the presence of the weapons we have ourselvescreated, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war andviolence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racialinjus??tice.
i do not minimize the complexity of the problemsthat need to be faced. 50） but i am convinced that we shall not havethe will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unlessin this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritualre-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that thethings that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and havecome under sentence of death. we need to make a supreme effort togenerate the readi??ness, indeed the eagerness, to enter in to the newworld, which is now possible, the city which hath foundation, whosebuilding and maker is god。
section iii writing （20 points）
51. part a
you want to apply for a job as a personal secretary to the generalmanager of a trading company. write a letter to the human resourcesdepartment of that company to：
1） introduce yourself as a possible candidate for the job,
2） tell them why you are interested,
3） explain why you think you are qualified for the position.
you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign yourname at the end of the letter. useli minginstead. you do not need towrite the address. （10 points）
part b
study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1） describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and
2） point out its implications in our life.
you should write about 200 words neatly on answer sheet 2. （20 points）
图中,一只小鸟停落在一只斧头上哭泣,小鸟身后是一片被砍倒的树林。
模拟试题答案：
1-20 d b a c b a d d a b b c c b d c a d a b
21-40 b c c a d d a d c b a b c b a b b d c c
41-45 c a e b g