新题型一：选句填空
出题特点
1、出题位置
该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词，其中有5段空白处—空白处的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。选项部分为6或7文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可能是完整的段落。其中5段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处。
2、选项设置特点
非等额选项（题目5道，6-7个选项）。
3、测试重点
考生需要认真搞清楚主干内容和结构上的关系和布局，从而分辨出选项部分从结构和内容上看是属于文章的哪个部分，并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。一般情况下不可能有特别明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示，也并不要求考生过分关注某一具体的细节；而是要着眼于全文，在理解全文内容、文章结构、逻辑关系（如时间、地点、因果关系、从属关系等）的基础之上方能做出正确选择。
做题技巧：
1．阅读选项，找出关键词，或写下部分中文意思。
2．每一空的前后句极为关键，一定要弄明白该空白处在文中的作用。根据上下文判断其与其他相邻句的逻辑关系。
3．选完一个，划掉一个，不要再受其干扰。
4．注意某些特殊词。如：therefore, nevertheless, the first, the best, the earliest等
5．做完后通读全文，检查。
6．注意时间最多不要超过30分钟。时间分配：5分钟阅读选项，20分钟做题，5分钟检查
7．放在段首的句子（段首题）的特点。
(1)当选项或某段段首会含有between…and ,either…or, not only…but also；?
(2)复数名词时，那么该段将是总分结构，其中提到的名词可能定是线索；
(3)会有标点符号“：”或“；”；?
放在段尾的句子有时也会有提示词（段尾题的特点）：?
(1)因果连词：therefore, thus, as a result, for this reason, hence ?
(2)总结性连词：in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word?
(3)转折性连词：but, nevertheless
(4)主旨句 (5)排比句 (6)例证句
8．了解段落的启承转合词。
表示逻辑关系以及起承转合的标志词语和线索提示语分类归纳一览表
1）时空关系
afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; but not the least; eventually; every; finally seeing...; first; first of all; for a start; meanwhile; next; not... until; on the left/right; previously; prior to; second; since then; since; subsequently; till; time; to begin with; to end with; to start with; when
2）因果关系
...and so...; another important factor/reason of...; as a consequence; as a result; as a result of this; as; because of this; because; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that...; for this reason; for; hence; in consequence; in that...; in view of; owing to; since; so;...so that...; the reason seems to be obvious: there are about...; therefore; thus
3）转折关系
and yet; but; unless; despite that; even so; even though; however; in spite of that; independent of; reckless of; regardless of; though; yet...
4）并列关系
also; and; as well as; both...and... ; either..., or...; neither... nor...; not only... but also; too
5）递进关系
accordingly; along this line of consideration; as a popular saying goes...; as far as... is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to do it...; in other words; in the first place..., in the second place...; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only..., but also...; not...but...; on the one hand..., on the other hand...; still
6）比较关系
apart from (doing)...; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like...; likewise;... rather than...; by doing so; similarly; similarly important; when compared with; when in fact...
7）对比关系
as opposed to; as opposed to this; but on the other hand; by way of; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; opposed to; something is just the other way around; whereas; while
8）举例关系
a case in point is...; a good example (of...) would be... ; according to; as an illustration, i will say...; as for; as he explains; as regards; as to; as you know; consider...; for example; for instance; for one thing..., for another...; in particular; including...; it is interesting to note that...; like; namely; notably; put it simply; stated roughly; such as; take as example (something); to detail this, i would like to...; you may ask/say
9）强调关系
believe it or not; by definition; especially; in fact; in particular; in reality; indeed; it is certain/sure that...; moreover; not to mention...; other thing being equal; particularly; to be strict; to be true; what is more important
10）条件关系
as long as; even if; even though; if it is the case in this sense; if necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once...; provided that; unless
11）归纳总结类
accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in a word; in brief; in other words; in short; in summary; on the whole; overall; the conclusion can be drawn that...; therefore; to conclude; to sum up
例1：
ii. reading comprehension
part b
directions: in the following article, some sentences have been removed. for questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (10 points)
long before man lived on the earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) __________.
very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. the kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
42)__________. nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
43)________. there were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. the body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. the head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. they were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
44)________. of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. they have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. as the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the dorset coast.
45)________.
about 75 million years ago the age of reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. the mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
[a] the shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
[b] nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. from them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
[c] the first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. about 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. they were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, are formed. the amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, the in the air.
[d] the best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. these animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
[e] the earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
[f] when an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. if the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. more and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
[g] many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impressions, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
答案：
本篇介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构的脉络清晰：首先介绍什么是史前动物和我们研究史前动物的依据——化石，以及化石形成的过程。随后，作者即按照动物进化的顺序——我们可以见到其化石的最早的动物，水生壳类动物，脊椎类动物——逐一加以介绍。
41．文章一开始，作者告诉我们，早在人类出现以前地球上就许多物种，现在有些物种的后代依然生存，而另外一些则没有留下后裔。在本题空白处后面文章又说岩石上偶尔会留下数百万年前就死掉了的动物精确的印记。显然，空白处应该是关于岩石与灭绝了的动物之间的关系（7个选项中有a﹑b﹑e﹑g四项提到了“rock”，但另外大三项意思上不符）。此外，空白处前面的“extinct”和“no descendant”均为否定意义和表达，而空白处的后面“accurate”和“much”则为肯定意义的表达；这意味着空白处的内容应该有一个结构上的“转折—只有b项符合这一条件。所以正确答案只能是b。
42．本题考查寻找特征词的能力。在该题中，根据就近原则在该题后的句子中找到“the fossils”和“water action”为特征词。“the fossils”说明“ fossils”一词是至少是第二次出现，因为它前面加了定冠词the，通过仔细观察并不难发现，42以及其前面的内容中都没有fossils，这就确定fossils一词必定出现在41，42中。根据意群相一致原则，在42中必定要与“water action”同现或复现的语言点。综上所述，只有同时满足以上两个条件的选项才是正确答案。虽然g项一开始就有“how fossils are preserved”，与上文和下文似乎都是相吻合的；但是g项后面讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织“organism”可能转达化成几种形式，而本题空白处后面的内容则告诉人们“nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action”(岩石中几乎所有的化石都是由于水作用泥沙对于化石保存下来所起的作用—与上下文相符合。
43．本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系，这就证明在43前面的句子中应当与also后的crab-like creatures相并列，即空白处显然有关于另一动物的内容；从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级高级变化（进化）中的动物。e项开始的部分是“the earliest animals whose remains have been found…”，符合文章写作的顺序。b项与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。
44．本题选择的特征词是these以及与其具有同指关系的ammonites 和they 。通过阅读44以后的两个句子不难发现，these，ammonites ，they是指同一事物，意即有“shell”的事物。同时44后一开始就有“of these,…”,也就是说，空白部分应该有“some, several, many”或类似的词，答案只能是a。由于文中有了“the first animals”，为避免句式上的重复，作者改变句子起始的模式—这种做法很多见，因而也是考生阅读和写作中应该注意的。
45．该题目是一道简单试题，一方面这是一道段落题，这就决定了有可能选最长的选项为答案，另一方面根据就近原则在下一段首句中发现的about 75 million years ago成为我们解题的关键。从文章的整体结构看，这里需要一个内容的“高潮”：前面几段，动物都在不断的进化，而下文中“about 75 million years ago the age of reptiles was over”，这里需要有一个“交代”。只有c项符合这一条件；同时，“reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到，在下文中又没有作为新信息，因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词，只有c项中有“the amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the sea ,and in the air”。所以正确答案只能是c。
2005考研英语句子填空题型真题