模拟题
text 1 选句填空
most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics. the students’ skills are then tested by examinations that require them to show how much of the data they remember; the more they remember, the higher their grades. 41)_____________.the professional historian is simply one who brings together a very large number of “facts”. therefore, students often become confused upon discovering that historians often disagree sharply even when they are dealing with the same event.
their common-sense reaction to this state of affairs is to conclude that one historian is right while the other is wrong. and presumably, historians who are wrong will have their “facts” wrong. this is seldom the case, however. historians usually all argue reasonably and persuasively. and, the “facts”---the names, dates, events, statistics---usually turn out to be correct. moreover, they often find that contending historians more or less agree on the facts: that is, they use much the same data. they come to different conclusions because they view the past from a different perspective. 42)__________________.
this position is hardly satisfying. they cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of view about an event cannot both be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them.
43)_______________.
in its broadest sense, history denotes the whole of the human past. more restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of human life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written documents. finally, history may be defined as that which historians write about the past. of course the three meanings are related. historians must base their accounts on the remains of the past, left by people. obviously they cannot know everything for the simple reason that not every event, every happening, was fully and completely recorded. 44)____________.
but this does not say enough. if historians cannot know everything because not everything was recorded, neither do they use all the records that are available to them. rather, they select only those records they deem most significant. 45_________.
[a] historians are able to select and create evidence by using some theory of human motivations and behavior.
[b] from this experience a number of conclusions seem obvious: the study of history is the study of “facts” about the past; the more “facts” you know, the better you are as a student of history.
[c] similarly a third group of historians might maintain that the various items on the list should not be given equal weight, that one of the reasons listed, say, bankers’ loans, was most important.
[d] therefore the historian can only approximate history at best. no one can ever claim to have concluded the quest.
[e] moreover, they also re-create parts of the past. like detectives, they piece together evidence to fill in the gaps in the available records.
[f] history, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts,” now becomes a matter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. historical truth becomes a matter of personal preference.
[g] to understand why historians disagree, students must consider a problem they have more or less taken for granted. they must ask themselves what history really is.
答案：bfgde
text 2 选句填空
could anything be more majestic, serene or threatening than the largest bird of prey in the world, the harpy eagle, soaring above its domain? weighing nine kilograms and with a 2.2 meter wingspan, this giant of the sky glides at 65 kilometers per hour over dense brazilian rainforest. its cruel head with flaring colored crest and huge hooked beak twists constantly from side to side.
it spots a monkey in treetop 2.5 kilometres away and closes in on its prey. the monkey munches on, oblivious to the threat. then the eagle strikes, plucking its prey from its perch with talons borne on legs the thickness of your wrists. 41___________. the eagle caries the body back to its treetop lair. the famed and feared harpy eagle has killed again.
whether this frightening creature does indeed soar like other eagles in search of prey is open to conjecture. for less in know about the harpy than any other eagle—the remoteness of its habitat sees to that. 42）_______________.
this eagle’ s extraordinary eyesight is one of its greatest assets. like many other eagles, it can see between four and eight times as much detail as can humans. 43）___________. the latter is an obvious requirement if prey is to be snatched at speed.
it’s hard to believe that a creature so well equipped to survive could ever find itself under threat. but with huge tracts of rainforest being felled in central and south amirica, the harpy’s food sources are harder to find.
the threat posed could soon be similar to that facing the harpy’s near relative, the philippines monkey-eating eagle. 44）_________.
like this filipino cousin, the harpy eagle nests in the tops of the largest forest trees. it therefore needs an intact forest to breed. the seemingly invincible harpy is vulnerable for another reason. a mating pair is thought to produce only one eagle every two years. harpy eggs take up to 60 days to hatch and chicks take a further 60days before they learn to fly. what is more, the youngster is fed by the parents for many moths after it has learned to fly. annual breeding then is impossible.
the harpy eagle does not face the same immediate threat as its filipino cousin. but if the destruction of its forest habitat continues at its present rate, the largest of avian predators, too, could join those birds already on the endangered species list. the british naturalist leslie brown wrote in 1976 that nearly half of the 59 species of eagle were under threat. 45）_________.
[a] this acutely threatened bird was reduced in numbers to fewer than 100 in the wild by the loss of its forest habitat and by the heavy demands of trophy hunters in the philippines.
[b] but it has been seen carrying monkeys, sloth and even small deer back to its nest.
[c] the monkey dies instantly, pierced by the talons.
[d] folklore has long held that the harpy eagle preys on human babies as well as forest animals.
[e] the result is an ability to see clearly a small monkey at a distance of up to 2.5 kilometres and to judge distances with pinpoint accuracy.
[f] the harpy is very ferocious when its nest is threatened.
[g] those who appreciate nature will be hopping that the harpy can surmount this threat, to soar on over the forests of south america.
答案：cbeag
text 3 段落排序
[a] on the first monday after the second wednesday in december, the electors who have been chosen in november assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. the future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. this moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in november.
[b] it is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. how? it has to do with the electoral college.
[c] the electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the constitutional convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. the framers of the constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. in fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. in fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. the electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable.
[d] how are the electors chosen? although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first tuesday after the first monday in november. each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state.
[e] how is the number of electors decided? every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to congress. states with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. all states have at least 3 electors, but california, the most populous state, has 54. the district of columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.