2003 Text 3
merge(v.合并)比emerge(v.出现;形成)少首字母e,
merger (n.合并)←merge+r名词后缀。
monopoly (n.垄断;专利权)即mono+poly,mono-前缀“单独的”,poly(词根=sell)可看作play,于是“一个人玩”→垄断。动词为monopolize←mono+pol(y)+ize动词后缀。含前缀mono-的单词另如:monotonous(单调的)←mono+ton调+ous形容词后缀;monoxide(一氧化物)←mon(o)+ox氧+ide化合物;monocracy(独裁统治)←mono+cracy统治。Liberty and monopoly cannot live together.自由与垄断不能并存。monopoly — business at the end of its journey 垄断——穷途末路的商业。
substantial (实质的;坚固的;富裕的)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+antial形容词后缀。名词为substance(物质;实质;财产)←sub+st+ance。Every person born in the USA is endowed with life, liberty and a substantial share of the national debt.生在美国的每个人都被赋予生命、自由和国债的大量份额。
reduction (减少)←re(=back)+duc引导+tion名词后缀;
reduce (v.减少;还原)←re+duce。同根词:deduce(v.演绎)←de(=away)+duce;deduction(演绎;推论)←de+duc+tion。The tendency of modern science is to reduce proof to absurdity by continually reducing absurdity to proof.现代科学的趋势,是以不断地把谬论化为证明来使证明沦为谬论。reducing diet — the taming of the chew 节食——驯服咀嚼。
coordinate (使协调;同等的;坐标的;坐标)即co+ordin+ate,co-前缀=together,ordin词根意为“in order”,-ate后缀,于是“按次序摆在一起”→使协调;“按次序摆在一起的”→同等的。coordination(协调;同等)←co+ordin+ation名词后缀;
coordinator (协调者;同等的人或物)←co+ordin+at(e)+or人或物
fierce (激烈的;凶猛的)The fiercest agonies have shortest reign.最强烈的痛苦持续时间最短。
compete (v.竞争;竞赛)即com+pet+e,com-前缀“一起”,pet(本为词根,此不论)宠物,“在一起争宠”;
competition (竞争;竞赛)←com+pet+ition名词后缀;
competitor (竞争者)←com+pet+itor后缀表“人”。Art is the unceasing effort to compete with the beauty of flowers — and never succeeding.艺术就是与鲜花之美竞争的不断努力——而且从未成功。The biggest things are always the easiest to do because there is no competition.最大的事总是最容易做的事,因为不存在竞争。
shipper 托运者,货主。
consolidation (巩固,加强)←con(=together)+solid坚固+ation名词后缀,动词为consolidate←con+solid+ate。
captive (a.被俘虏的n.俘虏)←capt抓+ive后缀。You're not free until you've been made captive by supreme belief.在被至上的信仰俘获之前,你不是自由的。
discrimination (辨别;歧视)即dis分离+crimin+ation名词后缀,crimin可看作criminal(罪犯)→要把罪犯“辨别”开来,但不可“歧视”;动词为discriminate←dis+crimin+ate。discriminate between 区分,辨别;discriminate against 歧视,不一样对待。
switching (n.开关;转换)←switch+ing,switch(v.n.开关;转换),-ing后缀。When the man you like switches from what he said a year ago, or four years ago, he is a broadminded person who has courage enough to change his mind with changing conditions. When a man you don't like does it, he is a liar who has broken his promises.当你喜欢的人改变一年前或四年前的说法时,他是个有足够勇气随时修正意见的坦荡的人;当你不喜欢的人这么做,他就是个食言的骗子。
subscribe (v.订购;捐助;签署;赞成)即sub在下面+scribe写→“在下面写上自己的名字”,名词为subscription;同根词describe(v.描述)即de向下+scribe写→“写下来”,名词为description。subscriber — someone who wants to read the same every morning, but on freshly printed paper 捐款者——每天早上都想读到同一内容的人,但要在新印的报纸上。
flourish (v.繁荣)即flour+ish动词后缀,flour为词根=flower,也可看作单词“面粉”→“使像面粉一样撒得到处都是”→繁荣。The sciences are of sociable disposition, and fourish best in the neighborhood of each other.各门科学性喜交际,因而在相邻地带最为繁荣。
arbiter(仲裁者,权威人士)可参arbitrary(任意的,专断的)记忆,动词为arbitrate(仲裁)。
fortune (运气;财富)可看作for+tune,争取“运气”与“财富”是为了(for)生活的和谐(tune)。Every man is the artisan of his own fortune.每个人都是制造其自身命运的工匠。Honesty is incompatible with amassing a large fortune.诚实与积聚大量财产是不相容的。
invest (v.投资)←in+vest,in在里面,vest看作单词“马甲”,“投资大量金钱生产马甲”。It is very much easier for a rich man to invest and grow richer than for the poor man to begin investing at all.富人投资并变得更加富有,要比穷人能够开始投资容易得多。
attitude (态度;看法;姿势)与latitude(纬度)一起记:因为“态度”的“态”拼音声母为t,故attitude双写t;因为“纬度”是标示在一根根与赤道平行的拉(la)长的纬线上的,故latitude以la开头。Civilization is a method of living, an attitude of equal respect for all men.文明是一种生活方法,一种对所有的人同样尊重的态度。
apprehensive (有理解力的;忧虑的)←ap(=to)+prehen抓+sive形容词后缀,名词为apprehension(理解;忧虑)←ap+prehen+sion;同根词:comprehensive(能理解的;广泛的)、comprehension(理解;包含)。
2003 Text 4
inevitable (不可避免的;必然的)←in+evitable,in-否定前缀,evitable=avoidable可避免的。Change is inevitable. In a progressive country change is constant.变革不可避免,在进步的国家里变革是永恒的。the inevitable of history 历史必由之路。
life expectancy 预期寿命。
depression (消沉;萧条)←de向下+press压+ion名词后缀,动词为depress(压抑;使沮丧)。Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行为和热水澡是治疗抑郁的最佳方法。It's recession when your neighbor loses his job; it's a depression when you lose yours.邻居失业的时候就是经济衰退,自己失业的时候就是经济萧条。
cataract (大瀑布;白内障)可看作cat+ar+act,cat猫,ar啊~~,act动作,“猫啊一声从‘大瀑布’里跳出来摔成了‘白内障’”,白内障的主要症状就是自觉眼睛前面有条瀑布而视物不清。
surgical (外科的;外科医生的;手术的;手术;外科病房)←surg+ical;surgery(外科;外科学;手术;手术室)←surg+ery;
surgeon (外科医生;军医)←surg+eon。
genetically (由遗传决定地)←gene基因+tical形容词后缀+ly副词后缀。
disintegrate (使;使解体)←dis使分离+integrate,integrate(使成为一体)←integr完整+ate动词后缀;integer(整数;完整的东西);integrity(完整;诚实;正直)。
perish (丧生;凋谢;消亡)←per(=away)+ish动词后缀。The great tragedy of life is not that men perish but that they cease to love.人生的巨大悲剧不是人们死亡,而是他们不再去爱。
obvious (显而易见的)可把b看作6,再把vi看作罗马数字6,两边的两个o看作两只眼睛,-ous为形容词后缀,因为6=6,所以b=vi,这是“显而易见的”。No question is so difficult to answer as that to which the answer is obvious.最难回答的问题是答案明显的问题。
aggressive (侵略的;好斗的;有进取心的)←ag(=to)+gress走+ive形容词后缀。War is an aggressive action of man to man independent of his own will.战争是人对人的侵略行为,不为其自身意志左右。
unsustainable (不能持续的)即un+sustain+able,un-前缀表否定,sustain // (支撑;保持)←sus(=sub)在下面+tain(=hold)。同根词:contain(包含)←con一起+tain;retain(保留)←re再+tain。sustainable development 可持续发展。
reverse (颠倒的;使倒转;背面)
re(=back)+verse(=turn)。The historian is a prophet in reverse.史学家是颠倒的预言家。
infirm (虚弱的;不坚固的)←in否定前缀+firm坚固的。
potential (潜在的;潜力)可看作pot+ent+ial,pot即“罐子”,-ent与-ial是后缀,“暂时藏在罐子里面的东东”→潜在的、潜力。Most of us haven't begun to tap our own potential for happiness.我们大多数人尚未着手开发自身获得幸福的潜力。
routinely (例行公事地)←routine+ly,routine可看作由route与in组成→“按路线走的”→常规的;惯例。Man's usual routine is to work and to dream.人的日常行为就是工作与梦想。
humble (卑贱的;谦卑的v.贬抑)A humble man argues for his fault, while a brave man makes his faults known to all.卑微的人为自己的过失辩解,勇敢的人则把自己的过失公之于众。
pursuit (追求;职业)←pursu(e)+it名词后缀;动词为pursue(追求;从事)。Love is strongest in pursuit; friendship in possession.爱情在追求的时候最热烈,友情是在拥有的时候。
therapy (治疗;理疗)可看作the+rap轻敲+y名词后缀←“一种轻轻叩击的方法”。
fatal (致命的,毁灭性的)←fat(e)命运+al。It is most important in this world to be pushing, but it is fatal to seem so.世间最重要的是有进取心,但徒有其表是致命的。
extravagantly (奢侈地)←extra(=ex)加强语气+vag大+ant形容词后缀+ly;extravagant(奢侈的)←extra+vag+ant;extravagance(奢侈)←extra+vag+ance。Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.时间的浪费是一切花费中最奢侈、最昂贵的一种。extravagance — anything you buy that is of no earthly use to your wife 奢侈——你所买的对妻子毫无用处的任何东西。