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研英词汇宝典:阅读中94-05真题词汇02年(上)

2002 Text 1

identify  (辨别;视为同一)即ident+ify,ident词根“同一”,-ify动词后缀“使……”;identification(识别;身份证明)←identify去y加-ication名词后缀;identical(同一的)←ident+ical形容词后缀。Any man over thiry identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。
relevant  (相关的;意义重大的)即re+lev+ant,re-前缀,lev词根“升,举”,-ant形容词后缀,故“从……升起的”→“源自……的”→相关的。同根词:elevate(升举,提高)←e+lev+ate;elevator(电梯,升降机)←e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a humane future.对于一个人道的未来,知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。
sympathy  (n.同情;共鸣)即sym+path+y,sym-(=syn-,在p前n变形为m以方便发音,前缀“同”),path词根“感情”,-y抽象名词后缀;sympathize/sympathise(v.同情;共鸣),-ize/-ise为动词后缀;sympathetic(同情的;共鸣的)←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦,然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。
alternatively  (二者择一地;另外)←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly;alternative(二者择一的;供选择的事物)←alter+nat(e)+ive;alternate(v.交替;交替的)←alter+nate。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可选择的东西越多,就越难选择。Love's alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。
convention  (大会;惯例;公约)即con+ven(t)+tion,con-一起,ven(t)来,-tion名词后缀,故“人们来到一起”→开“大会”,而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”,公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。The danger doesn't lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难,而在于阻碍进步的成规。 stomp  (n.v.重踏)←stamp(邮票;标志)也有相同含义,想象“猛盖邮戳”→重踏。
appropriate  (适当的)即ap+propri+ate,ap-前缀加强语气,propri看作proper(适当的),-ate后缀;
inappropriate  (不适当的)←in否定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。
inedible  (不可食的)←in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能……的。
resent  (v.愤怒、怨恨)即re+sent,re(=against反对),sent(=sense感觉),于是“在感觉上反对”→愤恨。People don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少,而不是没有。
disparaging  (轻视的)←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。
scapegoat  (替罪羊)可这样记:escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape,把e看作ex-,则scape就是没有“离开”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下来替罪的”,于是scape+goat→替罪羊。与“羊”有关的另一习语:black sheep(害群之马;败家子),源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.
casual  (偶然的;漫不经心的)即cas降落+ual后缀;casualty(严重意外事故;伤亡者)←cas+ual+ty名词后缀。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作为纯粹随意浏览的读物,我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。
off-the-cuff 即席的。
deliver  (v.传递;释放;发表;分娩)即de+liver,de-前缀“使”,liver(=liber)词根“自由”,于是从“使自由”推出deliver的各项含义;
delivery  (传递)←deliver+y名词后缀。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊,解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended. Swift as is the delivery of the radio bulletin, graphic as is television's eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的时代远未结束。尽管广播新闻传递迅速,电视现场画面生动,补充事件含义进而澄清事实的任务仍旧是迫切的。
light-hearted 轻松愉快的。
familiar / (熟悉的;亲近的)即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀,“感觉像家一样的”;familiarity(熟悉)←familiar+ity名词后缀。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的两种力量,是使新鲜的事物变得熟悉,和使熟悉的事物变得新鲜。familiarity — the opiate of the imagination 熟悉——想象力的麻醉剂。
exaggeration/ (夸张)←ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀;exaggerate(夸张)←ex+agger+ate动词后缀。We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦,也从不那么快乐。exaggeration — a truth that has lost its temper 夸张——发脾气的真理。
understatement / (掩饰;轻描淡写的陈述)←under+statement;反义词:overstatement(夸大的陈述)←over+statement。
privilege / (n.优惠;特权v.给予优惠或特权)即privi+leg+e,privi(=private)词根“私人的”,leg词根“法律”(如legal“法律的;合法的”←leg+al),e为小词,于是“私人的法律”→特权。To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered.变得更加深谋远虑是受过磨难的人的特权。
effectively / (有效地)即ef+fect+ive+ly,ef-前缀表“加强”,fect词根“做”,-ive形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词effective。The most effective water power in the world — women's tears.世界上最有效的水力——女人的眼泪。effective communication — 20 per cent what you know and 80 per cent how you feel about what you know 有效的交际——20%你所了解的东西加80%你对所了解的东西的感受。

2002text2

ingenuity / (独创性;灵活性)←ingenu+ity,ingenu(=ingenious独创的;灵活的),-ity名词后缀。
burdensome / (繁重的;难以负担的)←burden负担+some形容词后缀。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.广为人知的名字是多么沉重的负担啊。
nasty / (讨厌的;肮脏的;下流的……)Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最优雅的方式办最nasty的事,说最nasty的话。←nasty在此句实在不好翻译。
compulsion / (强制)即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名词后缀,“不由分说全拖到一起”→强制;compulsory(强制的;必修的)←com+puls+ory形容词后缀。compulsion — a highbrow term for a temptation we're not trying too hard to resist 强制——对人们并不想坚持拒绝的诱惑的一种高雅说法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体,但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。←柏拉图老师说的。
robotics / (机器人学)即robot+ics,robot机器人,-ics后缀表“学科”,如physics、aesthetics(美学)。robo-driver即robot driver。
assembly / (集会;装配)是assemble的名词形式,-y为名词后缀;assemble谐音“啊,三步”,曹植七步成诗,而“装配”只需三步(三个步骤)!In most communities it is illegal to cry "fire" in a crowded assembly.在大多数社会中,在拥挤的集会上喊“着火啦”是违法的。
terminal / (终端的;期末的;终端;终点站)←termin期限+al后缀;terminate(中止)←termin+ate动词后缀,施瓦辛格演的电影《终结者》就叫Terminator(-or后缀表“人”)。It's all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并没关系,只要有个止点。
miniaturization / (小型化)即mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation;mini词根“小”(比如有个好东西叫mini skirt),-ature名词后缀,-ize动词后缀,-ation名词后缀;miniature(小型的;缩影)←mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。
laborsaving / (节省劳力的)←labor劳动+saving节省的。
supervision / (监督)即super+vis+ion,super-前缀“在上面”,vis词根“看”(如visual→vis+ual形容词后缀→视觉的),-ion名词后缀。
specific / (具体的;特定的;特效药)即speci+fic,speci词根=species(种类),-fic形容词后缀“使成为……的”,故“使成为某个具体种类的”→特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出对哲学的钻研,深信作者们确实是在以将具体问题换成几乎没有实际意义的贫乏诡辩来躲避它们。
reliable / (可靠的)←reli+able,reli即rely(v.依赖;信任),-able后缀“可……的”。Without criticism and reliable and intelligent reporting, the government can not govern.没有批评和可靠而明智的新闻报道,政府无法统治。
artificial / (人工的,人造的)即art+i+fic+ial,art词根“人工”,-i-连结元音,fic词根“做”,-ial形容词后缀。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人与人之间形成的所有人为关系中,最变化无常的是作者与读者的关系。artificial intelligence — the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能——制造电脑的艺术,使它们的行为像电影里的人一样。
perception / (感觉;理解)即per+cept+ion,per-前缀“全部”,cept词根“抓”(=capt,因为元音可替换,capture→capt+ure后缀→n.v.捕获),-ion名词后缀,故“把外界信息‘全部’‘抓住’”→感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.对美的理解是道德的检验。
complicated / (复杂的;难解的)即com+plic+at(e)+ed,com-前缀“一起”,plic词根“折叠”,-ate动词后缀+-ed后缀“已……的”,故“全都折叠在一起的”→复杂的;complicate(使复杂)←com+plic+ate;complication(复杂情况;并发症)←com+plic+ation。I never blame failures — there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败——生活中复杂的情况实在太多,但对于不努力,我绝不宽恕。
previously / (先前地)即previous+ly,previous(先前的)即pre+vi+ous,pre-前缀“在前的”,vi(=via)词根“路”,-ous形容词后缀,故“在前面就上路的”→先前。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有创造性的艺术家致力于自己的下一个作品,因为他不满意前一个。
irrelevant / (不相关的)即ir+relevant,ir-否定前缀(=in-,在r前n变形为r),
relevant / (相关的)参2002年Text 1。
instantaneously / (瞬间地)即instant+aneous+ly,instant单词“立刻的;速溶的;瞬间),-aneous形容词后缀。
suspicious / (可疑的;多疑的)←suspic(=suspect)怀疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽窃者总是疑心文字被人盗用。
neuroscientist / (神经科学家)←neuro(=nerve)+scientist。
perceive /(察觉;感知)即per+ceive,是perception(见前述)的动词形式,per-前缀“全部”,ceive词根“抓”。同根词:receive(v.收到)←re(=back)+ceive,“抓回来”;deceive(v.欺骗)←de在下面+ceive,“在下面搞小动作”。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.没有什么新的真理,只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。
elite /(精英)用谐音记:“爱理他”→“精英人士”每个人都爱理他。
gizmo / 小发明;
hum / 嗡嗡声、轰鸣声。