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研英词汇宝典:阅读中94-05真题词汇01年(下)

2001 passage 3

journalism  (新闻;新闻业)即journal+ism,journal(期刊;日志),-ism后缀。journalism — that with which you may fill the space between advertisements 新闻——用以填充广告与广告之间的空隙的东西。
credibility (可信性)即cred+ibility,cred词根“相信”(如credit→cred+it→信用),-ibility名词后缀“可……性”(如ability←a+(i)bility)。credibility gap — what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信用差距——早间电视新闻与晚报之间同一条新闻发生的情况。
head-scratching(令人为难的)即head+scratch+ing,head头,scratch抓,-ing形容词后缀,“急得直抓头”→为难的。
template  (模板)可看作templ(e)+ate,temple寺庙,ate吃,现在倾向于素食的人越来越多,而temple是ate素的“模板”(template)。
conventional (传统的,惯例的)←convention+al,参convention(大会;惯例;公约),2002年text 1。
newsroom  (编辑室;阅览室)←news+room。
backbone (主干)←back+bone。
survey (v.n.俯瞰;调查)即sur+vey,sur-前缀=super,vey词根“看”,故“从上面看”→俯瞰→引申为“调查”。an informal survey shows that what most people wanted for christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.一项非正式调查显示,大多数人圣诞节想要的东西是再给两个星期准备过节。
questionnaire  (调查表)←question+naire名词后缀表“物”。
metropolitan(大都市的;大都市的人)即metro+polit+an,metro-前缀“母体,大”,同matri-,《黑客帝国》里的电脑“母体”就叫matrix(即母体这东东太复杂,对任何人来说都是个大的未知数x),polit词根“城市”,-an后缀表“……的”或“……的人”;也可把polit看作polite(有礼貌的),于是“懂礼貌的大地方”→大都市的。
upscale  (高消费阶层的;质优价高的)up向上+scale等级。
volunteer  (志愿的;志愿者v.志愿)←volunt意愿+eer;voluntary(自愿的)←volunt+ary形容词后缀。maintain outside interests — volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持业余爱好——自愿做无利可图的事情而保持身体健康。
sponsor  (v.发起;赞助n.主办者)←spons(e)词根+or后缀;参response,2001年passage 1。the longest word in the english language is the one following the phrase: "and now a word from our sponsor."英语中最长的单词是由此引发的:“现在请赞助者×××。”←此处×××不好译,因为显然不能译为“说一个词”,而译为“说几句话”则失去了原句的一语双关。 symposium  (专题讨论会;专题论文集)即sym+pos+ium,sym-前缀“共同”,pos词根“放”,-ium后缀表“地方”,“把共同的问题放在一起讨论”→专题讨论会,“把共同讨论好的问题放在一起”→专题论文集。
bias  (v.n.偏见)谐音“白饿死”,古人有骨气者不吃嗟来之食而饿死,后来某些人对此不以为然,认为这是古人的“偏见”,所以是“白饿死”(bias)←白白饿死。
gender  (性别)可看作gen(e)+der,gene即单词“基因”,der谐音“的”,故“基因的”→“由基因决定的”→性别。
contradictory  (反驳的;矛盾的;对立物)即contra+dict+ory,contra-前缀“相反”,dict词根“说”(如dictate→dict+ate动词后缀→口述;命令),-ory后缀;contradict(v.反驳;矛盾)←contra+dict。assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are correct.坚定的看法不是论据,反驳对手的说法不能证明你是正确的。
illuminating  (照明的;启发的)即illuminat(e)+ing形容词后缀,illuminate(照明;启发)可看作illumin+ate,illumin谐音“一路明”,-ate动词后缀,“使”“一路明”→照明→引申为“启发”。the man of science, like the artist, may easily have more facts than he can use. both seek the one fact out of a million that will illuminate their idea. both find that it is rarely to be had without research.与艺术家一样,科学家可以轻易得到用不尽的事实。他们都在上百万的事实中寻求能说明自己想法的那一个,都发现未经调查研究而得到它几乎是不可能的。
superficial  (表面的;肤浅的)即super+fici+al,super-前缀“上面的”,fici看作face“表面”,-al形容词后缀,“表面上的”→肤浅的。to know things well, we must know them in detail; but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.为了充分认识事物,我们必须详细了解它们,然而那几乎是没有穷尽的,所以我们的知识总是肤浅和不完善的。
be known as 称为;alien to 为……所不熟悉;put down roots in 定居;get around to 抽时间做。


2001 passage 4

acquisition  (收购;获得;获得物)即acquisit+(t)ion,acquisit为acquire(v.获得)之变形,-tion名词后缀。
hyperactive  (过度活跃的)即hyper+active,hyper-前缀“超过;过度”(h脱落,元音y变u,即为uper),active活跃的。
unsurpassed (未被超越的)即un+surpass+ed,un-否定前缀,surpass(v.超过)←sur前缀“超”+pass过,-ed形容词后缀。if a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model, but not as a rival, he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果视老师为榜样而非对手,他就永远超不过老师。
concentration  (集中;专心;浓度)即con+centr+ation,con-前缀“一起”,centr(=center)词根“中心”,-ation名词后缀,“一起聚集在中心的”→集中;专心。no fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑,就做不出优秀的工作。concentration — the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 专心——儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。
multinational (跨国公司;跨国公司的)即multi+national,multi-前缀“多”(如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍;多倍的;倍数),national国家的。
affiliate (v.附属;附属机构)即af+fili+ate,af-加强前缀,fili谐音“费力”,-ate后缀,想让别人成为自己的“附属”是很“费力”的。
phenomenon  (现象)复数形式为phenomena。nature is by no means inferior to art, and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然绝对不低于艺术,艺术作品无一不是对种种自然现象的模仿。
m&a(兼并与收购)即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。
detrimental  (有害的)可看作detri+mental,detri谐音“淡吃”(沪方言,表示只吃饭而不吃菜),mental谐音“馒头”,于是“淡吃馒头”→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是“有害的”。
megamerger (大兼并)←mega大+merger。
supervise  (监督;管理)←super在上面+vis看+e,参supervision(2002年text 2)。
gigantic  (巨大的)即gigant+ic,gigant(=giant)巨人,-ic形容词后缀,“巨人的”→巨大的。he has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大,能吃很多食物。
infringement  (侵害)即in+fringe+ment,in-否定前缀,fringe(边缘;刘海;穗),-ment名词后缀,已经“不”在“边缘”→侵入内部→侵害;infringe(v.侵害)←in+fringe。china's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。
pessimistic  (悲观的)即pessimist+ic,pessimist悲观主义者,-ic形容词后缀。pessimist — ①a man who thinks that god created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲观主义者——①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界,然后就被解雇了的人 ②具有现实感的乐观主义者。
warn against 告诫防范;take upon oneself 承担。


2001 passage 5

lateral  (侧面的,旁边的)可看作later+al,later即单词“后来”,-al词后缀,“后来者只能靠边站”→旁边的。在文中此词用引申义,各参考书观点不尽相同,请自甄别。
curiously (好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi关心=care(因为元音可替换),-ous形容词后缀“有……性质的”,故“对某事非常关心的”→好奇的。it is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time thatis now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一个奇怪的事实是,在失意的日子里,我们能够生动地想起不复存在的好时光;而在得意的时候,对苦难的日子只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。←这是德国哲学家叔本华说的,其代表作《作为意志与表象的世界》是guangxian最欣赏的哲学作品,商务印书馆出过中译本。
downshifting ←down+shift+ing,原义指汽车调档减速,文中指“放慢生活节奏”。
passionate  (充满热情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容词后缀。passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切伟大的追求中,对所有创造性的活动都是必不可少的。
preach (v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前缀“在前”,each每个,“牧师走到每个人面前”→布道。preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不说些什么,而是由于你有些话要说。
resignation  (辞职;顺从)←resign+ation名词后缀;resign(v.辞职;顺从)←re+sign,re-前缀=away或=again,sign签署,故“签署后离开”→辞职,“再次签署”→顺从。what is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失败。
editorship  (编辑职务,编辑工作)←editor+ship,editor(编辑者),-ship抽象名词后缀表“性质、职位、资格等”,如:friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine (教义;学说)←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增减),-ine名词后缀表“物”,故“教授拿来讲授的东西”→教义。参vaccine(疫苗),2003年text 2。the wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说,没有任何体系。
juggle (n.v.杂耍)发音与沪方言对扑克牌中jack的发音同,“拿扑克牌玩杂耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”,文中juggle引申为“忙忙碌碌”。
deadline (最后期限)←dead+line。
newsletter (时事通讯,简报)←news+letter。
cling-film(食品保鲜膜)←cling粘着+film薄膜。
equivalent (相等的,等价的;相等物,等价物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val价值(如:value价值),-ent后缀。in truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情,它掩盖了它天生的不足,结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。
drop out 退隐,逃避现实。
redundancy  (冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und词根“多”,-ancy名词后缀,“越来越(re)多”→冗余。同根词:abundant(丰富的)←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy — an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物——政治家汽车里的保险气袋。
thrift  (节俭;繁荣)可记:“节俭”导致“繁荣”;thrifty(节俭的;繁荣的)←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive(v.繁荣),类似变化的单词有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。it is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。
recognition (n.认出,承认)是recognise(或recognize)的名词形式。three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三条基本真理,如果不承认就不会有实在的自由:我们相信的未必真实,我们喜爱的未必美好,一切问题都无定论。
adventurous  (喜冒险的;充满危险的)←adventur(e)冒险+ous形容词后缀。a good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure — the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒险——个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。