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研英词汇宝典:阅读中94-05真题词汇01年(上)

2001 Passage 1

specialisation  (专业化)即special+is(e)+ation,special(特别的;额外的),-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化),-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表“人”。Love is a special affection for a man or a woman, which is stronger than that for any other person.爱情是对一个男人或女人的特殊的好感,它比对其他任何人的好感都强烈。specialist — a doctor whose patients can be ill only during office hours 专科医生——一位医生:他的病人只有在上班时间才能生病。specialist — one who knows more and more about less and less 专家——对越来越少的东西懂得越来越多的人。
response  (回复;响应)是respond(见2003年Text 2)的名词形式。The sartorial artist no less than the sculptor, the painter and the musician dreams of creations that will awaken a response in the soul of the world.好裁缝跟雕塑家、画家和音乐家一样,梦想着能在世人灵魂中引起反响的作品。
accumulation (积累,堆积)即accumulate+ation,accumulate(v.积累,堆积),-ation名词后缀。University are full of knowledge; the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates.大学里充满了知识,新生带进来一些,高年级学生则一点也不带走,于是知识就积累了下来。
professionalisation  (职业化)即professional+is(e)+ation,professional(职业的;职业人员),-ise动词后缀(professionalise即v.职业化),-ation名词后缀。In love woman are professionals, men are amateurs.在恋爱中女子是专业者,男子是业余者。
clear-cut 明确的,清晰的。
amateur  (业余的;业余爱好者)可记谐音“爱慕它”,“业余爱好者”选择某专业必定是“爱慕它”。Every artist was once an amateur.所有的艺术家都曾经是业余爱好者。
distinction  (差别,区分)即distinct+ion,distinct(清楚的,明显的),-ion名词后缀。同根词:extinct灭绝(因为有x而省略s);instinct本能。Success seems to be that which forms the distinction between confidence and conceit.成功似乎是形成自信与自负区别的东西。
connotation  (涵义)即con+not(e)+ation,con-前缀“一起”,note记录,-ation名词后缀,“所有东西都被一起记录在其中”→涵义。
integrate  (使成为一体)←integr完整+ate,参disintegrate(2003年Text 4)。
participation  (参加;分享)即parti+cip+ation,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓(参captive,2003年Text 3),-ation名词后缀,“抓取其中一部分”→分享;动词为participate←parti+cip+ate。We participate in a tragedy; at a comedy we only look.悲剧我们参加,喜剧我们仅仅观看。
in terms of 依据;用……措辞。
reveal (v.展现;揭示;泄露)即re+veal,re-前缀(=away),veal(=veil)面纱,“揭开面纱”→展示。A person reveals his character by nothing so clearly as the joke he resents.没有什么比一个人所反感的笑话更能显露他的为人。If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.你如果把秘密泄露给风,就不应责怪风把秘密泄露给树。
emphasis (强调,重点)可看作em+phasis,em-前缀“强调”,phasis看作是phase(阶段)的复述形式,于是“在各阶段里最值得强调的”→强调。I sometime wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.有时候我但愿人们多把重点放在遵守法律上,而非强调其实施。
primacy  (首要,首位)即prim(e)+acy,prime首要的,-acy名词后缀,primacy与privacy(隐私)一字母之差,“隐私”是最“首要”的。
definition  (定义)即defin(e)+ition,define(下定义;限定)见2002年Text 4,-ition名词后缀。It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say that he is one who never inflicts pain.说一个人从不给人造成痛苦,这几乎是下了一个关于君子的定义。
represent  (v.描述;代表)←re+present。Books only partially represent their authors.图书只是部分地体现了作者。
reflect  (v.反射;反映;思考)←re回+flect弯曲。There are two ways of spreading light: To be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it.散布光的方法有两种:当蜡烛或者当反射烛光的镜子。Who reflects too much will accomplish little.思虑过多者一事难成。
referee  (仲裁者v.仲裁)←refer+ee。
separate  (分离的v.分离)←se+par+ate,se-前缀“分离”,par看作part“分离”,-ate后缀。同前缀词:select(v.选择a.精选的)←se+lect选。We sleep in separate rooms, we have dinner apart, we take separate vacations — we're doing everything we can to keep our marriage together.我们在分开的房间睡觉,我们分开吃饭,我们分开度假——我们做着能做的一切以维持婚姻。You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.你无法将安宁与自由分开,因为得不到自由谁都不会安宁。
delay  (v.n.耽搁,延迟)看作de+lay,de-向下,lay放,把事情暂时“放下”→耽搁。Never delay that should be done today until tomorrow.不要把今天应做的事推迟到明天。
reckon  (v.认为;估算)看作re+ckon,re-前缀“反复”,ckon谐音“啃”,题目太难了,需要“re啃”才能“估算”出答案。I reckon being ill as one of the great pleasures of life, provided one is not too ill and is not obliged to work till one is better.我把生病当作人生一大乐趣,只要病得不太严重,并且在好转之前不被要求工作。
crucial  (极重要的,决定性的)即cruc+ial,cruc词根(=cross),-ail形容词后缀,“处于十字路口的”→关键的。
psychology  (心理学)←psycho+logy,psycho词根“心理”,-logy后缀“……学”。The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.心理学的用途是告诉我们对最熟悉事物的完全不同的观念。psychology — ①the science that tells you what you already know, in words you can't understand ②the theology of the twentieth century 心理学——①一门科学:它用你听不明白的语言告诉你已经知道的事 ②20世纪的神学。
in one's own right 凭自身条件;under way 在进行中。


2001 Passage 2

divide  (分开;分配;除)是division // (分开;部门;除法)的动词形式。The only way on earth to multiply happiness is to divide it.世上唯一能使幸福成倍增加的方法是将其分作几份。Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with.悲伤只需其自身就足够了,然而要获取一件乐事的充分价值,你就必须找人分享。Instead of this absurd division into sexes they ought to class people as static and dynamic.为取代性别这种荒唐的区别,他们应该把人分成静态与动态两种。
loom  (v.隐约出现;织布机)可看作loo+m,loo即数字100,m即国际单位“米”,能织出100米长的布的“织布机”;另外布在织成以前是透明的,所以布后面的东西是可以“隐约出现”的。
commercialize  (使商业化)即commercial+ize,commercial(商业的)←commerc(e)+ial,-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.礼貌是社会生活固定的中介,就像硬币之于商业生活。commercialism — doing well that which should not be done at all 商业主义——把根本不该做的事做得很好。
universalize  (使普遍化)即universal+ize,universal(宇宙的;普遍的)←univers(e)+al,-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe — merely a fleeting idea in God's mind — a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house 宇宙——不过是上帝头脑里一个稍纵即逝的想法——一种让人很不舒服的想法,特别是在你刚预付过房子的定金之后。
impoverish (使贫穷;使枯竭)←im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀;
同根词:poverty  (贫穷)←pover+ty名词后缀。
prejudice  (偏见v.n.损害)即pre+jud+ice,pre-前缀“在前”,jud词根“判断”(=judge),-ice后缀,“在弄清事实之前就做出判断”→偏见,而“偏见”是会招致“损害”的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏见是无知的产物。prejudice — a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts 偏见——使你能在不了解事实的情况下形成观点的一种装置。
respect  (v.n.尊敬)即re+spect,re-反复,spect词根“看”,反复看一个人是对其表示“尊敬”;with respect to 关于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal. We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切伟大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我们对于其它宗教,必须像对自己的宗教一样怀着天然的敬意。respect — to admire from a distance 尊敬——从远处赞赏。
sovereignty  (主权;主权国家)即
sover+(r)eign+ty,sover(=over)在上,reign统治,-ty名词后缀,“在上面统治”;sovereign(统治的;统治者)←sover+(r)eign。Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人:统治者或国家的仆人,名声的仆人,以及事务的仆人。
infrastructure  (基础设施)即infra+structure,infra-前缀“在下”,structure(v.n.构造)。以infra-为前缀的词:infrahuman(类人猿的;类人生物)←infra+human;infrared(红外线的;红外线)←infra+red。
telecom  (电信)即telecommunication。
responsible  (负责的;可靠的;责任重大的)即respons(e)+ible,response回应(见2001年Passage 1),-ible能……的,“能得到回应的”→负责的。An idea isn't responsible for the people who believe in it.一种思想对信仰它的人并不负有责任。To be a man is, precisely, to be responsible.确切地说,做男人就是负责任。
in the interest of 为了……的利益;may well 很有可能;lie down 屈从。