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研英词汇宝典:阅读中94-05真题词汇98年(下)

1998 passage 3

relationship//(关系)←relation关系+ship抽象名词后缀(如:friendship友谊)。there is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.世上没有一种关系、交流或陪伴比美满的婚姻更愉快、友好和迷人。the relation of genius to talent is the same as that of instinct to reason.天赋与才能的关系一如本能与理智的关系。
aspect//(外表;方面);参spectacle(场面;奇观),2000年passage 5。a real genius possesses talents in many aspects, but they are brought into play only by chance and in a single field.真正的天才具有多方面的才能,只是处于偶然而仅在单一的领域中得到施展。
rebelling//(n.反叛)看作re+bell+ing,re-反复,bell铃,-ing表“现在进行时”,联想:监狱里警铃大作→犯人们“造反”了!rebel(v.反叛n.反叛者)。as long as the world shall last there will be wrong, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.只要世界继续存在就会有不公正,如果没有人反抗,这些不公正将永远存在下去。no one can go on being a rebel too long without turning into an autocrat.没有人能一直做叛逆者而不变成独裁者。rebel — a man who says no 反叛者——说“不”的人。
catholic//(天主教的;天主教徒)看作cat+hol(e)+ic后缀,“天主教的”“天主教徒”像“猫”一样住在“洞”里刻苦修行。as a roman catholic i thank god for the heretics. heresy is only another word for freedom of thought.身为天主教徒,我为异端者的存在而感谢上帝,异端不过是思想自由的别名。
harsh // (粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的)意同hard,因发音为“哈嘘”,故又表示“刺耳的”。harsh counsels have no effect: they are like hammers which are always repulsed by the anvil.刺耳的劝告不会收效:它们就像总是被铁砧弹回的锤。
schism // (组织的;派系)←sch+ism,sch看作scholar(学者),-ism抽象名词后缀,学者之间是分“派系”的。
superstition // (迷信)即super+sti+tion,super-前缀=over,sti词根=stand,-tion名词后缀,“超出站的地方”→在理性观念之外→迷信。superstition comes from fear, while fear in turn comes from ignorance.迷信来自恐惧,恐惧又来自无知。superstition — someone else's religion 迷信——别人的宗教。
creationism //(神创论)←creation+ism。
elimination // (消除)即e+limin+ation,e-(=ex-)出,limin词根“门”,-ation名词后缀,“拒之门外”→排除;动词形式为eliminate←e+limin+ate。同根词:preliminary(预备的,初步的)←pre在前+limin+ary形容词后缀。envy is more difficult to eliminate than hate between two people.在两个人之间,忌妒比仇恨更难消除。
smallpox // (天花)即small+pox,small小,pox看作box(据说古人老外书写字母无方向性,故对称字母常可替换而词义不变),感染天花者所发的皮疹像一个个凸出皮肤表面的“小盒子”。btw:天花是首个在全球范围内被人类所消灭的传染病,现天花病毒仅存在于少数科学实验室中,对于是否彻底销毁这些病毒植株曾引起极大争论,故真题原文中提到“提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士”。
dispute // (v.争论)即dis+put+e,dis-否定前缀,put看作单词“放”,e小词,有人说“放”有人说“不放”→争论。a long dispute means that both parties are wrong.持久的争论意味着双方都是错的。
unabomber //(邮寄炸弹的恐怖分子)是fbi(federal bureau of investigation)造的新词,由university and airline bomber缩略而成,原指某位专向高级行政或科研人员邮寄炸弹的遁世大学教授,后泛指类似行为者。关于unabomber尚需补充两点:一、今年出版的某品牌考研辅导书竟将unabomber译作“反原子弹组织”,想必是把un理解为否定前缀,在对译者丰富想象力表示由衷倾佩的同时,考研资料之良莠不齐亦可见一斑。二、那位被称作unabomber的早年毕业于哈佛的教授于1995年出版了著名的unabomber's manifesto(网上到处有原文下载),书中作者将environmentalists视为同盟,并表达了scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia的观点,于是可理解真题文章中为何人们将“环境主义者”与“反科学”联系起来。
manifesto// (n.宣言)←manifest+o,manifest(v.表明,见2000年passage 1),o看作张大的嘴,“用嘴表明”→宣言。manifesto of the communist party 《共产党宣言》。
scorn // (v.n.轻蔑)可看作s+corn,s象形“蛇”,corn谷,蛇因不吃谷物而对之“蔑视”。silence is the perfect expression of scorn.沉默是轻蔑的充分表达。in the very books in which philosophers bid us scorn fame, they inscribe their names.正是在教导我们蔑视名声的书籍中,哲人们题下了自己的大名。
depletion // (损耗)即de+plet+ion,de-(=away),plet充满,-ion名词后缀,“离开充满的状态”→损耗。
ozone //(臭氧)←o+zone,o看作“洞”,zone区域,联想:由于全球变暖,“臭氧”层出现一个大洞。
epithet // (称号,绰号)看作epi+the+t,epi-前缀=up,the定冠词,t他,“在他名字上面加个东西”→绰号。
exemplify // (v.举例说明)即exempl(e)+ify,exemple=example(元音替换词义不变),-ify动词后缀。

1998 passage 4

standstill  (n.停止;停顿的)←stand+still。
enthrone (使登基;给予最高地位)即en+throne,en-前缀“使”,throne(宝座;王权)。
numerically  (在数字上)即numer+ical+ly,numer=number(b脱落),-ical形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀。
prevail  (v.取胜;盛行)←pre+vail。i believe that man will not merely endure. he will prevail.我相信人不会仅仅是忍受,他终将胜利。culture has one great passion — the passion for sweetness and light. it has one even yet greater, the passion for making them prevail.教养有种强烈地对友善的渴望,还有一种甚至更强烈的渴望,即渴望使友善盛行。
nonstop (不断的;不停地)←non+stop。
demographer (人口统计学家)即demo+graph+er,demo词根“人”,graph词根“写”,-er表“人”;参democracy,2000年passage 5。
overcrowdedness  (过于拥挤)←over+crowd+ed+ness。ant says, nothing can beat the crowd.蚂蚁说,群体是不可战胜的。
plague  (瘟疫;灾害)谐音:怕累咯←怕“瘟疫”累及自身。bad habits are as infectious by example as the plague itself is by contact.恶习易于由实例传播,就像瘟疫的传播借助于接触。one was never married, and that's his hell; another is, and that's his plague.一个人从未结婚,这是他的痛苦;另一个结了婚,这是他的灾难。1957年获诺贝尔文学奖的法国现代存在主义思想家加缪(camus)的代表作之一就是长篇小说——the plague(《鼠疫》)。
urbanization (都市化)即urban+iz(e)+ation,urban都市的,-ize“使……”,-ation名词后缀。
discern  (v.认出;辨别)←dis+cern。the beginning of all war may be discerned not only by the first act of hostility, but by the counsels and preparations foregoing.一切战争的开端不仅可由首次敌对行动区分,也可由事前的策划和准备识别。
distinguish  (v.区别),参extinguish,2003年text 2。we drink without thirst, and we make love any time, madame. only this distinguishes us from the other animals.我们不渴而饮,随时示爱,夫人。使我们与其它动物相区别的只有这一点。
unanimously  (无异议地)即un(i)+anim+ous+ly,uni-“一”,anim词根“生命;精神”(如animal→anim+al→动物),-ous形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,“在精神上一致地”→无异议地。

1998 passage 5

interior  (内部的;内部)←inter+ior,inter“在里面”,-ior后缀。laughter, n. — an interior convulsion, producing a distortion of the features and accompanied by inarticulate noises.笑,名词——一种体内痉挛,造成面容的变形并伴有说不出话的阵阵难听的声音。
milestone  (里程碑)←mile+stone。the invention of the wheel was a milestone in the history of the world.发明轮子是世界历史上的重大事件。
reminder  (n.暗示)←remind提醒+er。the music at a marriage procession always reminds me of the music of soldiers marching to battle.结婚行列行进时的音乐总是使我想起士兵们投入战斗的音乐。

construct  (v.建设,构造)即con+struct,con-“一起”,struct词根“建造”;同义同根词:structure(v.n.构造)←struct+ure后缀。taking to pieces is the trade of those who cannot construct.拆卸是那些不会建造的人的行为。
readily  (容易地;乐意地)即ready的副词形式,已经准备好的事情做起来当然是“容易地”,于是做事的人当然是非常“乐意地”。nothing is so easy as to deceive one's self; for what we wish, that we readily believe.再没有比欺骗自己更容易的事了,因为对于希望的事,我们总是乐于相信。
opposite (对立的;对立面)即op+pos+ite,op-“反”(ob-在p前变形为op-),pos词根“放”,-ite后缀,“反过来放”→对立的。almost every wise saying has an opposite one, not less wise, to balance it.几乎所有的格言都有意思相反的一句,其智慧并不逊色,以便使之平衡。the opposite of love is indifference.爱的对立物是冷漠。
instrument  (工具,仪器,乐器)即instru(ct)+ment,instruct指导,-ment后缀,“能帮人们做事的东西”→仪器。circumstances are the rulers of the weak, instruments of the wise.弱者受制于环境,智者利用环境。
significance (意义;重要性)即signify(y变形为i)表示+cance名词后缀,“表示出来的东西”→意义。形容词形式为significant,见2002年text 3。the whole significance of life lies in the unremitting efforts to explore the unknown and increase knowledge.生活的全部意义在于不懈努力探索未知事物与增加知识。it is undesirable to try to damage the significance of all life simply for love.仅仅由于爱情就试图抹杀全部生活的意义是不可取的。
confine  (v.限制)即con+fine,con-“一起”,fine词根“界限”,于是“全部有界限”→限制。参define(2002年text 4);finite(2000年passage 3)等。the world owes all its onward impulses to men ill at ease. the happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits.世界的全部前进动力都归功于对现状不满的人们,感到愉快的人必然把自己限制在旧框架之内。
reference  (涉及;参考)←refer参考+ence。we live in reference to past experience and not to future events, however inevitable.我们参照过去的经验而非未来的事件生活,不管那些事件如何必然发生。
propel  (v.推动,驱使)即pro+pel,pro-向前,pel词根“推”。同根词:compel(v.强迫)←com+pel;repel(v.击退;抵制)←re(=back)+pel。
fissure  (v.裂开n.裂隙)看作f+is+sure,“裂开”的东西上面有“缝”(f)是(is)肯定(sure)的。
formation  (构成)←form构成+ation名词后缀。the self is not something ready-made, but something in continuous formation through choice of action.自我并非现成之物,而是通过行为的选择不断形成的。
mutability  (易变性)即mut+ability,mut词根“交换”,-ability名词后缀表性质,“具有交换的性质”→易变性。参commute,2000年passage 4。mutability of human affairs 人世沧桑。