1997 passage 3
substance (物质;实质;财产)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+ance名词后缀;参substantial,2003年text 3。man can survive only when he has the substance; man can live only when he has ideal.人有了物质才能生存,有了理想才能生活。
addict (使成瘾;成瘾者)即ad+dict,ad-加强前缀,dict词根“说”(参contradictory,2001年passage 3),“欲罢不能地说某事”→成瘾。
名词形式为addiction (成瘾)←ad+dict+ion。every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.任何形式的瘾都是不好的,无论上瘾的是酒精、吗啡还是唯心主义。
psychologist (心理学家)←psycholog(y)+ist,psychology心理学(见2001年passage 1),-ist后缀表“人”。psychologist — a man who, when a beautiful girl walks into room, watches other men's reactions 心理学家——当一个漂亮女孩走进房间时,那个观察其他人反应的人。
cocaine (可卡因)即coca+ine,coca古柯(一种药用植物),-ine医药化学名词后缀“生物碱”,故cocaine也译作“古柯碱”。另一种植物cocoa(可可)与coca音形近似,勿混。cocaine — god's way of saying you're making too much money 可卡因——上帝的一种说法,意思是“你赚的钱太多了”。
pervasive (普遍的)是pervade(v.遍及)的形容词形式,pervade即per+vade,per-(=through),vade词根“走”(约等于wade,因v与w形近可替换),“到处都走遍的”→遍及的。同根词:invade→in+vade→“未经允许走进来”→入侵;形容词形式为invasive(侵略的)。
sociable (社交的)←soci社会+able形容词后缀。
negative (否定的,消极的)←neg否定前缀+ative形容词后缀;参neglect(忽略),1999年passage 5。eternity is a negative idea clothed with a positive name.永恒是一个冠以肯定名称的否定概念。
poisoning (n.中毒;毒害)←poison+ing,poison(v.n.毒害n.毒药),-ing后缀;
poisonous (有毒的)←poison+ous形容词后缀。suspicion is the poison of friendship.怀疑是毒害友谊的毒药。when your soul experiences thirst, it needs water to quench it, no matter the water is poisonous or not.心灵感到干渴时需要水来止渴,无论这水是否有毒。what's your poison?想喝点什么酒?←此为固定用法。
distortion (扭曲;曲解)即dis+tort+ion,dis-“分离”,tort词根“扭曲”,-ion名词后缀,“使扭曲以离开原来状态”→曲解;动词为distort←dis+tort。
同根词:torture(v.n.拷问;折磨)←tort+ure后缀,“使身体扭曲的一种行为”。get your facts first, and then you can distort them as you please.首先要掌握事实,然后你可以随意歪曲它们。
tolerance (宽容)←toler+ance;参tolerant(宽容的),2000年passage 4。the only tolerance in the world, the only tolerance that earns the name, is that toward intolerance.世间唯一的宽容,唯一名副其实的宽容,是对不宽容的宽容。tolerance — ①the ability to love people when they don't deserve it ②the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits without sharing or accepting them ③another name of indifference 宽容——①爱那些不值得爱的人的本领 ②积极、真诚地理解别人的信仰、行为和习惯,虽然并不同意或接受它们 ③冷漠的另一个名称。
symptom (症状)可看作sym+ptom,sym-共同,ptom谐音“怕疼”,共同(sym)的症状(symptom)是怕疼(ptom)。the first symptom of true love in a man is timidity, in a girl it is boldness.真正的爱情的首要征候,在男子是胆怯,在女子是大胆。
psychoactive (药物等对心理起作用的)即psycho+active,psycho词根“心理”(参psychology,2001年passage 1),active“起作用的”。
stimulant (刺激物;兴奋剂)←stimul刺激+ant物;源自stimulate(刺激;激励)←stimul+ate动词后缀。i lived in solitude in the country and noticed how the monotony of a quiet life stimulates the creative mind.我独居乡间,注意到平静生活的单调是如何地激发着创造力。
depressant (抑制剂;镇静剂)←depress+ant物。参depression,2003年text 4。some actors think they are elevating the stage when they're merely depressing the audience.当一些演员不过是在败坏观众情绪的时候,他们还以为自己在提高着戏剧艺术。
hallucinogen (致幻剂)看作hallucin+o+gen,hallucin谐音“喝露性”,-o-连接字母,-gen后缀“致……之物”(参hydroelectric,1998年passage 1),“喝下去会使人露出本性的东西”;
hallucination (幻觉)←hallucin+ation。
psychedelic (致幻的;致幻剂)看作psyche+del+ic,psyche=psycho精神(e与o都可视为连接字母),del即doc命令“删除”,-ic后缀,“能把精神删除的”→致幻的→致幻剂
1997 passage 4
corrupt (腐败的v.贿赂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt词根“打破”,“全部被糖衣炮弹打破了”。同根词:bankrupt→bank银行+rupt→破产的;interrupt→inter+rupt→打断。heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.苍天高于所有的人:那里坐着一位法官,任何国王都无法贿赂。
responsibility (责任;职责)是responsible(见2001年passage 2)的名词形式。a democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人对所有的事都负有同等义务的民主,对勤恳负责的人是重负,对其余的人是放纵。responsibility — the price every man must pay for freedom 责任——每个人都必须为自由而付出的代价。
property (财产;性质)←proper固有的+ty名词后缀;参proper,1998年passage 1。property has its
duties as well as its rights.财产既有权力也有义务。regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。
impatiently (不耐烦地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前缀,patient耐心的,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词impatient。the ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected; the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懒,渴望熟悉的东西,为意料之外的事情而震惊;眼睛则偏于急躁,渴望新奇的东西,由于重复而生厌。
latitude (纬度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名词后缀。nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes.没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大,他们构成了纬度和经度。
irritate (v.激怒),名词形式为irritation,与irrigation(1998年passage 1)一字母之差。an epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只讲一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。
compromise (v.n.妥协;折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答应,“对别人的要求全部答应”→妥协;“对各方的要求一起答应”→折中。all life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。compromise — ①the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece ②simply changing the question to fit the answer ③the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中——①将一个蛋糕分开,让每个人都相信自己分得的一块最大的艺术 ②简单地改变一下问题,使之适合于答案 ③使双方都不满意的最可靠办法。
1997 passage 5
monetary (金融的,货币的)←monet+ary,monet=money,-ary形容词后缀。
precise (精确的)即pre+cise,pre-在前,cise(=cide)词根“切”,于是“在前面切”→知道切多少的→精确的。参suicide(自杀),2002年text 4。he knew the precise psychological moment when to say nothing.他知道那个心理上的精确瞬间,那时什么都不该说。
liken (把……比作)←like+(e)n动词后缀。
windscreen (挡风玻璃)←wind+screen。windscreen wipers — the eyelashes of rain 汽车风档上的刮水器——雨的睫毛。
poll (v.n.投票;民意测验)原指“人头”(head),“根据人头统计选票”。poll表“人头”可这样记:p=b(因为对称字母可替换),o=a(因为元音字母可替换),故poll=ball,人的头像“球”。do you ever get the feeling that the only reason we have elections is to find out if the polls were right?你有没有过这种感觉,即我们举行选举的唯一理由就是弄清民意测验是否准确?
slack (v.n.a.松散;萧条)。in marriage, a man becomes slack and selfish, and undergoes a fatty degeneration of his moral being.婚后男人变得懒散自私,经历着道德生命的脂肪变性。
thrilling (激动的;颤抖的)←thrill+ing,thrill(使激动;令人激动的事),-ing形容词后缀。everybody who plays an instrument, even a little, understands music in a difficult way from somebody who has never felt the thrill of making music himself?每个演奏乐器的人,哪怕只会一点点,理解音乐的方式都与从未感受过自己奏出音乐的激动的人不同。
unfortunately (不幸地)即un+fortun(e)+ate+ly,un-否定前缀,fortune(幸运)见2003年text 3,-ate后缀,-ly后缀。反义词为fortunately(幸运地)←fortun(e)+ate+ly。去ly即为二者的形容词形式:unfortunate(不幸的)←un+fortun(e)+ate;fortunate(幸运的)←fortun(e)+ate。time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.时间是了不起的教师,但不幸的是,它杀死所有的学生。fortunately psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflict. life still remains a very effective therapist.幸运的是,心理分析并非消除内心冲突的唯一方法,生活依然是十分有效的治疗专家。do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself.不要向不如你幸运的人讲述你的幸福。if you are too fortunate, you will not know yourself. if you are too unfortunate, nobody will know you.若过于幸运,就不会认识自己;若过于不幸,就没人会认识你。
upend (v.颠倒;打倒)←up+end。