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新东方考研英语必背500句:第327句

新东方考研英语必背500句

第327句

it’ a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

译文:这个理论得到了多数经济学家的认同,但在实际操作中,它使铁路公司获得了一个决定谁兴谁衰的权利。

点睛:本句是一个由but连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干为it's a theory…,其后是一个定语从句to which many economists subscribe,介词to置于引导词which之前,实际是与subscribe构成搭配。第二个分句的主语是it,谓语是leaves.介词结构of determining…作position的后置定语。subscribe常用的意思是“订阅;订购”,是不及物动词,后面应该接to,如:subscribe to china daily“订阅<中国日报>”。而在本句中该词意为“采取”。in practice意为“在实践中”,而“理论上”则用intheory表示。

考点归纳:定语从句的引导词乏前带介词,可分为两种情况:先行词要求和从句中某个词的要求。

*定语从句的先行词要求引导词之前带介词。

each of us has a purpose for which we were created.
我们每个人生于世间都有其目的。
=each of us has a purpose which we were created for.
(习惯搭配purpose for…原因)

注意,这里的介词前置,是根据先行词的习惯搭配。在句子中,如果把介词放回到从句的谓语动词之后,则定语从句和先行词的关系就不那么明显,而且产生了一种割裂感;因此将介词前置。

*由于从句中的某个词的要求,引导词前带介词。

there are faults from which none of us is free,
有些错误是任何人都避免不了的。(from的使用由free决定)

这里的介词from前置是根据定语从句中的某些词或短语的习惯搭配。