信息技术对于人类的生活是重要的和不可或缺的。信息的传送、记录或存储和处理是信息的三种基本步骤。科技不断发展，对信息技术的掌握可以使人类的进化更加迅速……
Informationtechnologyisimportantandindispensabletothelifeofhumanbeings.Trammission,recordingormemoryandprocessingofinformationarethreeessentialprocessofinformation.
Virtually,theinformationtechnologyhasbeenchangingeveryday.Thebasicchallengeofthecomingdecadeishowtomakethealreadyavailabletechnologiesasusefulandfriendlytoauserasthetelephoneortelevisionsetistothecommonman.
Computersareamajorsegmentofthenewinformationtechnologies.Theconstantgrowthofsemiconductortechnologyandtheproliferation(增殖)ofthesemiconductormemorydeviceshasbroughtpossibilitiesthatyouusepersonalcomputerstodoanythingyouwantto,forinstance,recordamessageandphonebackananswer.
Withthehelpofsatellitecommunication,thetransmissionofdatahasbecomeveryfast.Thedatacanbetelexed(电传)；thevoiceoveratelephonecanbetransmittedonlocal,nationalandinternationalnetwork.Thetransmissionofimagesthroughtechnology,that’sviaaTV,isagaingoingtobeamajorchallenge,ashowtocombineallthesethreecomponentsofinformationtechnologyintoone.Itwillbringaboutvariousproblems.Thefirstistheprivacythatgoeswithit.Forfurtheradditiontotheimpactofcommunication,onecanswitchoverfromvoicestoimagesanddata,dependingonanindividual’sneed.
Itismajorchallengebeforethesocietyatlargeandthelibraryprofessionalsashowtocompressalibraryintoacomputer.Moreover,ontheuser’spartitisnoteasytositataterminalandread.Basicallysomepsychologicalandsocialchangesespeciallyexertasubtleinfluenceonthemindsoftheyoungchildren,sothattheygrowupwiththehabitofreadingonacomputerscreen.
Itisalsoafactthatalargenumberofcomputershavebeenusedassophisticatedtypewriters.Ifyouasksomebodywhoistheactualuserofthecomputer,itisprobablythesecretary.AlotofPCshavedustcoversonthemandonecannotbesurehowfrequentlytheyareremoved.Itisastrangephenomenonthatpeoplehaven’tcomeoutoftheir“hang-ups”.Theterminalorkeyboardofapersonalcomputerislookedupasanextensionofasophisticatedtypewriter.Alsothereisaconventionalbarrierinsittingandtypingoutthematter,whichneedstobeovercome.
That’swhytheadvertisingexpenditureshavetobetoneddown(降低)toacertainlevelofreality.Thereisworldwideacompetitiongoingonastohowquicklyyoucangather,dispatchortransmittheinformation.Therehasbeenatremendousbombardment(爆炸)ofinformationfromallsides.Asthedemandgrowsfromthepublictosharetheinformation,atthesametimeeverysectionofthesocietyisdemandingmoreandmoreitsshareofmessagethatgoesacross.Besides,thehomeshavebeeninvadedbythemessageofconsumerism(消费主义)--informationaboutgoods,marketing,politics,etc.Thetendermindsofchildrenaregraduallycorrodedbyallthematter.
Itisgoingtobealongstruggletoconvertallthepaperknowledgeintotheelectronicmedium.Moreover,ifwewanttosolvetheliteracyproblem,thecomputersmayhelpinself-learning.Thenobleplaceofateacherwillbetakenupbyapersonalcomputer,aswhateveronewillseeonthescreenwillbecomeareality,whyshouldanyonegotoone’sparentsorteacherswhenthePCcanprovideanswerstoallyourquestions.Already,thelatestPCisthereinthemarketintheUnitedStates,whichcanstoreallfullencyclopediasinit,eventhewholelibrary.
Withthewidespreadofinformation,thecategorizedstructureoftheorganizationbreaksup.Thereisnoneedofvariouslayersofmanagementtoperformthevariedtasksthatareeasiertobedonebycomputers.Duringthelastdecadetherewasanopendeclarationthatonepersoncanmanageaprojectoracompany.Inthe70’stherewastheconceptofcontrollingfinance(财务控制).Today,thewidespreadofinformationthroughvariousmediahastobemanaged.
Inthe1940’sthereusedtoberadiosetsthathadvacuumtubes,whichhavebeenreplacedtodaybytheintegratedcircuit(集成电路).Atechnologicaladvancementisgaugedbythepoweritgivesortheenergyitconsumesandthecostthatisinvolved.Thetechnologythatwasprevalentinthe1940’susedtobeabout100percentmoreexpensiveandabout1000timesenergyconsuming.Electronicsinturnhasrevolutionized(使…根本改变)thecomputerindustrytoday.
Today,inthefieldofdigitalcommunication,thereisdigitaltransmission,digitalswitchingandsignalingthatistakingplace.Theprogressofthedigitaltechniquesmainlydependsoncomputer’sdevelopmentandtheprogressofdigitaltransmissionsystemsbasedonithavemergedcomputerandcommunication.Ithasmadepossibletherealizationofthethreebasicfunctions,i.e.,thetransmission,memoryandprocessinginasimpleformandrealizationoffurtheradvancedandmorecomplicatedsystems.Thisprogresshasgivenusmanyusefulmeanstobetteroursociallifeandwelfare.
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