名人教英文：肯尼迪经典演辞赏析（4）
肯尼迪就职美国总统之际，doctrine of deterrence（威慑论）主宰美苏两阵思维：双方竞相增强军备，以阻吓敌方，因为大家都知道，一旦开战，强大的核武足以灭全世界。所以肯尼迪说：we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
他呼吁两阵为和平而对话：
‧let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.（这句名言运用了chiasmus交错对句，前后句结构对称，但词序fear和 negotiate对调，形成对比。）
‧let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.（以unite us对比divide us，表达寻求共同目标的愿望。）
‧let both sides... bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations...（重复the absolute... nations的结构，突出「核武」和「国际合作」的对比。）
‧let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of isaiah-to "undo the heavy burdens, and let the oppressed go free."
（引用《圣经》，诉诸道德权威ethos）以上宏愿非一日可达成，肯尼迪用一连串否定句，强调道路漫长。但千里之行始于足下，最后他号召国人作出贡献：
all this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. but let us begin...
now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need-not as a call to battle, though embattled we are-but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation", a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
（trumpet号角在《圣经》有神圣涵义，rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation则出自罗马书）
and so, my fellow americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country...（这名句也运用了chiasmus）
with a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that here on earth god's work must truly be our own.
演辞以「自由」贯穿全文（freedom一字出现了4次，free 5次，liberty 1次），并诉诸《圣经》和上帝，凭信念激励人心。演说可用修辞来润饰，但若要启发听众，理念不可或缺。
英语单词词汇学习：
trumpet
号角，在《圣经》往往象征神圣的呼唤
embattled
准备好战斗的（上文的embattled就是这个意义）；四面受敌的