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名人教英文:量化宽松

名人教英文:量化宽松

美国联邦储备局为了刺激经济复苏,推出第二轮「量化宽松」货币政策,购买6000亿美元美国长期国债。

量化宽松,英文quantitative easing,是什么回事?以下是一则标准的解说:"quantitative easing" is when governments create money out of thin air, which is typically what happens when they realise there are no more interest rates left to cut.

词组out of thin air字面解法是「来自空气」,create money out of thin air即凭空创造钱财。钱财怎么可以像变魔术般无中生有呢?英文《维基百科》解释说:a central bank implements quantitative easing by first crediting its own account with money it creates ex nihilo ("out of nothing"). it then purchases financial assets, including government bonds, agency debt, mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds, from banks and other financial institutions... the purchases... give banks the excess reserves required for them to create new money...

文中的out of nothing和out of thin air同解(ex nihilo是同义拉丁文):中央银行利用凭空创造出来的钱,向银行和其他金融机构购买政府或政府赞助企业债券、按揭证券、公司债券等资产;银行由此获得多余的储备,便可藉以创造新钱。这就是无中生有的戏法,其实跟滥印钞票没有分别。
来自虚无的事物,最终也要回归虚无;靠「量化宽松」创造的财富,自也不会例外,不过要蒙受财富损失的,可能是美国以外的国家:你的财富无中生有,我的财富却化为乌有。

化为乌有、消失得无影无踪,可以叫做vanish(或disappear)into thin air:the stock market crashed and trillions of dollars vanished into thin air. 股市崩溃,数以千亿的财富被蒸发掉。

量化宽松也好,quantitative easing也好,都是美化名称,光看字面没法知道它的意义。其实,如果中文名称是译自英文的话,把quantitative译作「量化」,并不准确。来自quantity(量)的形容词quantitative,是「量的」,相对于qualitative,「质的」;例如化学里有quantitative analysis和qualitative analysis,即定量和定性分析。

至于「量化」,应是动词quantify,如the economic benefits of this project cannot be quantified. 这项计划的经济利益是不能量化(用数字表达)的。

英语单词词汇学习:

create out of thin air 凭空创造、无中生有
vanish into thin air 消失、化为乌有
quantitative 量的
quantify 量化