名人教英文:活用复合词
上周谈到,欧债问题给欧洲一体化进程蒙上阴影。geopolitical weekly评论员george friedman指出,基于历史因素,要统一欧洲,向来障碍重重。他的分析自15世纪末欧洲崛起开始。他认为远航技术的出现是欧洲发展的转折点,因为航海技术不但促进欧洲的内河贸易,加快经济和科技发展,而且让欧洲人得以征服世界上其他地方,获取更多资源:
"the ability to engage in long-range shipping safely allowed businesses on the continent's various navigable rivers to interact easily with each other, magnifying the rivers' capital-generation capacity. deep-water navigation also allowed many of the european nations to conquer vast extra-european empires. and the close proximity of those nations combined with ever more wealth allowed for technological innovation and advancement at a pace theretofore unheard of anywhere on the planet. as a whole, europe became very rich, became engaged in very far-flung empire-building that redefined the human condition and became very good at making war. in short order, europe went from being a cultural and economic backwater to being the engine of the world."
friedman在文章中使用了许多compound adjectives(复合形容词)。compound adjectives由两个或以上的英文字组成,并以hyphen(连字符)串连起来。上文示范了几种组合方式:
(1)形容词 + 名词:long-range(远程的)和deep-water(深水的)
(2)名词 + 名词:capital-generation(创造资本的)
(3)副词 + 过去分词:far-flung(无远弗届的、遥远的)
(4)前缀 + 专有形容词:extra-european(欧洲以外的)
long-range和far-flung是较常用的compound adjectives,例如long-range missile(远程导弹)、far-flung territory(辽阔的领土)。
此外,上段还有一个常见的compound noun(复合名词)- empire-building。empire-building不仅可指政治版图的扩张,也可以指企业扩充或其他拓展权力的行为。
除了惯用的复合词之外,很多人都爱用这个办法自创词语,令文字更灵活多变。
英语单词词汇学习:
proximity……邻近
theretofore……直到那时
flung……投掷(fling的过去分词)
in short order……短时间内
backwater……落后状态