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名人教英文:大有可能

名人教英文:大有可能

上星期介绍了一些带后缀-ly的形容词,有时会被误当副词使用。不过,有的 -ly收尾的形容词,同时可作副词使用,其中最常见是表示频密程度的形容词或副词 hourly、daily、weekly、biweekly、monthly、quarterly、yearly 等等:例如 biweekly 在 a biweekly magazine(双周刊)中是形容词,但当我们说 "this magazine is published biweekly" 的时候,biweekly就是副词。

有的名词加上-ly,本来只可用作形容词,但有时候「习非成是」,字典也承认了把它们当作副词的「合法性」。例如orderly本来是形容词,即整齐的、有秩序的;「循序渐进地发展」应译作 "develop in an orderly and gradual manner",不能说成 "develop orderly and gradually",因为形容词 gradual有副词 gradually,但 orderly 并没有相应的副词。但 此字也有人作副词用,如 "a lattice(物理学名词,中文是「晶格」或「栅格」)is a solid with orderly arranged atoms in repeating patterns." 有的字典亦载有 orderly 作为副词的解法,即整齐地、有秩序地,虽然注明是「罕用」。

又如本来是形容词的 leisurely(来自「闲暇」的名词leisure;a leisurely holiday,一个悠闲的假期),字典也指可作副词使用:we walked leisurely in the park,我们在公园悠闲地走着。

特别值得一提的是 likely 一字的用法。它是形容词,可以用作attributive adjective(定语形容词),放在名词前面,如 he is a likely candidate for the job,他是很有机会赢得那职位的候选人;也可以用作 predicative adjective(谓语形容词),放在be、seem等动词的后面,如he is likely to get the job,他有可能得到那职位。

字典说,likely也可用作副词,即「可能地」;不过,字典给它的用法加了这样一个注脚,指出在标准的「英式英文」里,likely 不应单独地作副词使用:

in standard british english, when likely is used as an adverb it must be preceded by a submodifier such as very, most or more, as in "we will most likely see him later". in informal us english, use without a submodifier is very common and not regarded as incorrect, as in "we will likely see him later."

注意,相反词unlikely用作副词更罕见:「我们不大可能见到他」,不能说成 "we will unlikely see him",而应说成 "we are unlikely to see him"。