名人教英文:wake和awake、wait和await
上次提到rise和arise的分别:两者都是不及物动词(intransitive verb),但只有rise可作名词;rise多指对象或数字的上升,arise多指事情的发生。今次再介绍两组类似的字。
wake、awake和awaken
第一组字是wake、awake和awaken。wake(过去式woke,过去分词woken)最为常用,解作「醒来」或「弄醒」,也可以写成wake up。如:
‧i woke (up) at 6 o'clock.
‧the fire alarm woke him (up).
wake up to表示「察觉」。例如有「末日博士」之称的经济学家nouriel roubini说美国还未充分意识到其财政问题有多严重:"america has yet to wake up to the full extent of its fiscal nightmare."
awake作形容词用,意即「醒着」,例如:i was awake all night。wide awake即「完全清醒的」;stay awake即「保持清醒」。
awaken表达比喻意义上的「唤醒」,如:in the 19th century, china was awakened by the onslaught (猛击) of western imperialism (势力扩张) to her own weaknesses.
awaken 通常不用来表达字面意义上的「叫醒」。这情况用wake较合适。例如the mother woke up her child. 不宜说成the mother awakened her child.
wait和await
wait和await都有「等候」的意思,但用法略有不同。第一,await是及物动词,必须跟宾语,中间不用前置词;wait是不及物动词,可以不加宾语使用,亦可用for连接宾语。await for something/someone及wait something/someone都不对。以下是正确例子:
‧i am awaiting your reply.
‧the children are waiting for the school bus.
‧i waited and waited but nobody answered the door.
第二,await在较正式的场合使用,日常口语多用wait。朋友迟到,我们会说:"i've been waiting for you for hours!" 而不会说 "i've been awaiting you for hours!"
英语单词词汇学习
fiscal……财政的
nightmare……噩梦
onslaught……猛烈攻击