1．I’m starting to put on weight again.
[译文]我正又开始在增加体重。
put on weight意为“增加体重；变胖了”，相当于get fatter，它的反义词组为lose weight，意为“减肥；变瘦了”，相当于get thinner。
e.g. You should do more exercise, or you’ll put on weight/get fatter.
你应该多做运动，否则你会变胖的。
另外，put on该词意义较多。
① put on上演，举行
e.g. The new play will be put on next week.
这出新戏将于下周上演。
They put on a concert for us.
他们为我们举行了场音乐会。
② 穿上，戴上
e.g. He put on his coat and went out.
他穿上外套出去了。
③ 打开(灯，收音机等)=turn on
e.g. Let’s put the light on.
让我们打开灯。
2．You may wish to keep it all for yourself.
[译文]你可能希望全部留下来给自己。
wish作“但愿，希望”解。表示过去、现在或将来发生的，令人遗憾的事。可接不定式(短语)，双宾语，“宾语+不定式”的复合结构以及that从句(从句的动词用虚拟语气，即wish后的宾语从句常常用过去时态，表示不可能实现的愿望)。
e.g. I wish you to go to Beijing with me next year.
我希望你明年和我去北京。
Everyone wish (that) he could pass the English exam.
每个人都希望他能通过英语考试。(但实际上他不能通过)
We wish you success /to be successful.
祝你成功。
I wish that I were a millionaire.
我要是个百万富翁就好了。(但实际我不是)
提醒：当wish表示实现愿望的可能性不大或根本不可能时，从句用虚拟语气。
另外注意该词与want，hope，look forward to的区别。hope，wish，want这三个词都表示“希望”“想要”，其后都可接不定式作宾语，wish和want后可接带to的不定式作宾补，而hope不能；hope和wish后都可接宾语从句，而want不能。
e.g. We hope to hear from you soon.
我们希望不久能收到你的来信。
I hope that you can tell us the truth.
我希望你能告诉我们真相。
I wish to see your teacher.
我希望能见你的老师。
I want to buy a new bike.
我想买一辆新自行车。
[误]We hope you to meet us at the station.
我们希望你来车站接我们。
注意：没有hope sb. to do sth.这一结构，hope后只能接不定式或宾语从句。hope不能像think等词那样对宾语从句进行否定转移。
e.g. I don’t think you are busy now, or at least I hope not.
我想你们现在不忙，或者说至少我希望不忙。(不能说I don’t hope so)
而look forward to用于表达对将来的期盼，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
e.g. We are looking forward to seeing each other soon.
我们期盼着早点见到对方。
keep (sth) for oneself意为“把(某物)留给自己”。
e.g. I have a new dictionary. You keep the old one for yourself.
我有本新字典，你把这本旧的留给你自己用吧。
3．You may wish to get advice from other people.
[译文]你可能希望采纳别人的建议。
advice作名词，意为“建议，劝告；忠告；信息，消息；(商贸的)正式通知”，advice为不可数名词，“建议”，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices，表示提出建议或忠告，一般用动词give，表示向某人请教或征求意见，一般用动词ask (for)；表示接受意见或劝告，一般用动词take/follow/accept。
e.g. He gave us good advice on how to learn English well.
他就怎样学好英语给我们提了很好的建议。
He asked for the teacher’s advice
= He asked the teacher for his advice.
他向老师请教。
If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.
要是听取了他的意见，我们不仅可以节省人力、物力，而且还会把工作做得更好。
另外，它的动词形式为advise，表示“建议，劝告”之义。
常见搭配：
e.g. He advised waiting until the proper time.
他建议等到适当的时候。
The teacher advised me to do more speaking.
老师建议我多说。
4．Just then, a bank clerk came to open the bank.
[译文]就在那时，一个银行职员来开门。
just then意为“就在那时”，=just at that time，just此时用来加重then的语气。
e.g. Just then the train stopped.
就在那时，火车停了下来。
Just then, he came into.
就在那时，他进来了。
注意与just now的区别，just now意为“刚刚”=a moment ago.，但动词只能用过去时，不用现在完成时。
e.g. They gave it to me just now.
他们刚才把它给了我。
just now还可意为“(加重语气的)现在”或“片刻之后”，=at this moment，这时用现在时或将来时。
e.g. They are asleep just now.
他们现在正在睡觉。
I’ll tell you a story just now if you have time to listen to it.
如果你有时间，我马上就把故事讲给你听。
5．Immediate memory holds pieces of information from the five senses for less than a second.
[译文]瞬间记忆包含来自五官不到1秒钟搜集到的信息。
information意为“消息，情报，信息，资料”，它为不可数名词。可用some，much，a piece of或pieces of等修饰。
e.g. I’ve one or two useful pieces of information to pass on to you.
我有一两条有用的消息告诉你。
less than为“少于；不到”之意。
e.g. a distance of less than 100 meters.
不足100米100米的距离。
另外注意no less than与not less than的含义。
no less than…不少于……，不亚于……；多达……，有……之多
(强调数量之多，带有感情色彩。)其意思相当于as many as。
e.g. The book has been translated into no less than 40 languages.
此书已翻译成多达40种语言。
She is no less active than she used to be.
她和从前一样活跃。
not less than…至少(有过之而无不及之意)，不少于……(无强调多少之意)
e.g. not less than 1000 people.
不少于1000人。
He has not less than 2,000 dollars.
他至少有二千美元。
6．Short-term memory can hold about seven pieces of information at a time.
[译文]短期记忆能同时包含大约七条信息。
at a time意为“一次，每次”。
e.g. We had to see the nurse one at a time.
我们必须一个一个地去见护士。
He dragged himself along a few steps at a time.
他几步一停地拖着脚往前走。
另外请注意常见与time的搭配的词组：
e.g. at one time (过去)有个时期；一度
at no time决不，在任何时候都不；
at all times无论何时；一直；
at that time 在那时
at the same time 同时
in time 及时；总有一天；终于，最后
on time 准时
7．Learning a new skill also helps your brain develop.
[译文]学习一种新的技能帮助你的大脑发达。
此句中的learning a new skill作主语。动名词在句中起名词的作用，可单独或引起短语用作主语、表语、宾语、定语或介词的宾语。
e.g. Walking is good exercise. (作主语)
走路是很好的运动。
Their job is building houses. (作表语)
他们的工作就是做房子。
I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing. (作宾语)
很遗憾在北京时我没见到你。
Tom is in the reading room. (作定语)
汤姆在阅览室。
I am proud of having a friend like you. (作介词宾语)
我为有这样的朋友感到骄傲。
8．You must allow yourself to have enough sleep and rest.
[译文]你必须让自己有足够的睡眠和休息。
（1）allow为动词，意为“准许，允许”。其常用句型为allow doing sth.准许做某事；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。
e.g. They do not allow smoking here.
他们不允许在这里抽烟。
Her mother allowed her to go to the party.
她妈妈允许她去参加聚会。
Allow me to introduce Mr. Green.
请允许我介绍一下格林先生。
（2）enough
① 作名词，意为“足够的东西(如钱、事情、工作等)”，可代表不可数名词或可数名词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
e.g. Not enough is known about this subject. (作主语)
关于这个问题，知道的还不够。
Six men will be quite enough. (作表语)
6个人将完全够了。
② 作形容词，意为“足够(的)”。enough作形容词时，可以放在它所修饰的名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。
e.g. We haven’t enough time/ (time enough) to catch the train now.
我们现在赶火车的时间不够了。
③ 作副词，意为“足够地”。enough作副词时，放在它所修饰的形容词、副词和过去分词之后，并与不定式或for连用。
e.g. The situation is serious enough.
局势够严重的。
9．Besides, being tired will stop you from concentrating.
[译文]另外，疲劳将会使你注意力不够集中。
（1）besides为介词，常作为插入语，意为“除……之外(尚有……)，而且，包括……在内”，注意与介词beside区别开来，beside意为“在……旁边”。
e.g. They all went there besides Tom.
除汤姆(去了)以外，他们也都去了。
I bought a story book. Besides. I paid 5 yuan for a picture book.
我买了一本故事书。另外，我又付了5元钱买了一本图画书。
（2）此句中的动名词短语being tired作主语，动名词在句中起名词的作用，可单独或引起短语作主语、表语、宾语、定语或介词的宾语，这个在前面第七个知识点已讲过。
（3）stop sb. (from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，等于prevent/keep sb from doing sth.
e.g. Dam stops the river from flowing away.
大坝阻止江水流失。
What can stop us from going if we want to go?
如果我们想去，又有什么能阻止我们去呢？
10．An excellent way to help memory is to link information with pictures.
[译文]一条帮助记忆的极好的方法是用图片联系信息。
link sth. with sth.意为“把某物与另一某物连接起来”，等于connect/join…with。
e.g. We should link theory with practice.
我们应把理论与实践结合起来。
These traditional stories link the past with the present.
这些传统故事把过去和现在联系到了一起。
11．You should focus your attention and concentrate on the most important things about it.
[译文]你应当集中注意力，集中在最重要的信息上。
focus one’s attention on sth.集中注意力于某事上。
e.g. The recent wave of bombings has focused public attention on the region.
最近一连串的爆炸案把公众的注意力集中到该地区。
I’m sorry. I didn’t know you are here. I focused my attention on the news on the paper.
对不起，我不知你来了，我把注意力集中到报纸上的新闻。