青少年问题Teenage problemsUnit3第二课时--牛津初中英语9A知识点

语法点拨

1. 动词不定式

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。

(1) 作主语

It is + adj.(形容词)/n.(名词)+ (for sb.) + to-v (动词不定式)

It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. 尽力处理每个挑战是我们的职责。

(2) 作表语

主语 + be + to-v (动词不定式)

My dream is to become a policeman. 我的梦想就是当一名警察。

(3) 作宾语

① 主语 + vt. (及物动词) + to-v (动词不定式)

want, decide, wish, hope, choose, refuse, would like, expect, …

He prefers to eat rice. 他更喜欢吃米饭。

② 主语 + vt. (及物动词) + to-v (动词不定式)

stop, go on, remember, forget, start, begin, …

Don’t forget to bring your book next time. 不要忘记下次把书带来。

③ 主语 + vt.(及物动词) +it + adj.(形容词) + to-v (动词不定式)

find, think, make, feel, …

I find it difficult to remember everything.我觉得记住每一件事是困难的。

④ 主语 + vt.(及物动词) + 疑问词 + to-v (动词不定式)

teach, show, know, …

I don’t know whether to go there. 我不知道是否去那儿。

(4) 作定语

不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：

① 表示将来的动作。The next train to arrive is from Washington.

② 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。

Would you please give me some paper to write on?

③ 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态。Do you have anything to say on the question?

如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态。Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?

④ 不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句。

The next train to arrive is from Washington.(to arrive=that will arrive)

(5) 作补语

① 主语+ vt.(及物动词) +sb./sth.+ (not) + to-v (动词不定式)

get, allow, encourage, beg, wait for, warn, ask, want, would like, tell, prefer, wish, expect, invite, …

It’s raining hard now. Let’s wait for the rain to stop. 雨下得很大，让我们等雨停下来。

② 主语+ vt.(及物动词) +sb./sth.+ (not) + v (动词原形)

feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, see, watch, look at, notice, …

We often hear him sing in the next room.我们经常听到他在隔壁房间里唱歌。

The workers was made to work twelve hours a day. 工人们被迫每天工作十二小时。

(6) 作状语

① 目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question.

② 原因状语，多见于“sb. + be + adj. + to do...”结构句中。如：

My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.

③ 结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：

The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.

【真题演练】

① Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us_______the public rules. (2010上海市)

A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed

② Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______.(2010兰州市)

A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry

③ They were all so tired that they could ______.(2010兰州市)

A. do nothing but sleep B. do anything but sleep

C. do nothing but to sleep D. do anything but to sleep

④ The teachers often tell their pubils_____aeross the road when the traffic light is red. (2010聊城市)

A. not go B. not to go C. don’t go D. didn’t go

⑤ -- What would you like for breakfast ?

-- I like hamburgers. But now I’d like________ some cakes. (2010黄石市)

A. eating B. to eat C. to drink D. drinking

⑥ There are so many kinds of Mp3 in the shop. We can’t decide . (2010眉山市)

A. what to buy B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which

⑦ While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _____ out of the water. (2010四川省)

A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping