unit 4
一、知识点
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：
条件从句
主 句
谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be动词一律用were)
would+动词原形
即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时
如：if i had time, i would go for a walk.
如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
if i were you, i would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
i would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 i pretended to sleep just now.
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事
the students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in.
pretend +从句 假装… i pretended that i fell asleep.
3. be late for 迟到 如：
i am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别
⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义
如：he has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
there is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义
如：he has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
there is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several
一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很
多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people
几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
8. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如：
what if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？
what if lilei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？
9. add sth. to sth. 添加…到…
如： i added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张
feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好
11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：
i’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
12. help with sth. 如：they help with this problem.
help sb. do. 如：they help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
13. in public 在公共场所 如:
don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。
14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：she is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。
energy n. 活力 如：she has lots of energies. 她有活力。
15. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
如：teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
16. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：
he started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
i borrowed a book from lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
18.wait for sb.等某人 如：i am wait for him. 我正在等他。
19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
i introduced lily to anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：
lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如：
they have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。
23. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me
give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果
24. get along (with)=get on (with)
①进行，进展
the business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
how are you getting along with your english study?
你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？
②相处
do you get along with your boss?= do you and your boss get along?
你跟老板合得来吗？
i’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
25. would rather … than … （= would … rather than）宁愿，而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。
he would rather jog than play football.
=he prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”
he would rather watch tv at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。
i’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
i decided to write rather than telephone.
i like going out with you rather than with him.
she enjoys listening rather than speaking.
25. in fact 事实上
26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：
don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
27. come up with sth. 提出 想出
如：he came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
catch up with sb. 追上 赶上
如：lily caught up with anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：
i have experience teaching chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
29. come out 出版，出来
如：the magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。
30. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：
last week i cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。
31. hurry to do 匆忙… i hurry to call the police.
32. more than=over 超过
34. offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××……
offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
35. ①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
36.look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
37.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来
38.talk to/with sb 同××说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。
39.what if …… 如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）
what if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办？
what if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？
what if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？
40.what does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。
what’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
41.give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
42.permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许
without permission 未经许可
43.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.
44.not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
46.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。the other(s) 只能指代可数名词