Unit Three
Text
died long ago, but many of his ideas are
still of great interest to us.
FROM JEFFERSON
Bruce Bliven
Jefferson, the third
President of the United States, may
be less famous than George Washing-
ton and Abraham Lincoln, but most
5 people remember at least one fact
about him: he wrote the Declaration
of Independence.
Jefferson lived more
than 200 years ago, there is much
10 that we can learn from him today.
Many of his ideas are especially in-
teresting to modern youth. Here are
some of the things he said and wrote:
and see. Jefferson believed
15 that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and
that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was
appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the
James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other
members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on
20 the subject,Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.
can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson be-
longed to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons
ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson
went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson
25 once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go into the
people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their
bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are
dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. "
for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions
without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to
30 his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven
has given you a mind for judging trttth and error. Use it. "
felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything
true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to
decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newsp-
35 apers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the
latter. "
what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be
conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not
40 unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.Though Jefferson was for
many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics.
He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, " There are two sides
to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with
effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."
45 the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present
should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. " No
society," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual
law. The earth belongs to the living generation. " He did not fear new
ideas, nor did he fear the future. " How much pain, " he remarked, "has
50 been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the
worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind. "
courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He proba-
bly knew more thari any other man of his age. He was an expert in agricul-
ture,archeology; and medicine.He practiced crop rotation and soil conser-
55 vation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a
plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture
throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making
the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.
all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good
60 and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first
time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon
discovered,and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence
at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have
thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
65 are created equal. . . "
Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American
independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples.
American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed
that only a nation of educated people could remain free.
declaration / n. document containing an open public announce-
ment 宣言
independence / n. freedom from the control of others 独立
obtain / vt. get through effort 获得
source / n. place from which sth. comes; place where a
river starts ( 来 )源 ; 源头
personal / a. done in person;belonging to a person 亲自的;
个人的
investigation/ n. detailed or careful examination 调查
investigate vt.
appoint / vt. put (sb. ) in a position 任命
appointment n.
committee / n. a group of people chosen for special duties
委员会
capitol / n. (美国)州议会大厦
canoe / n. light boat moved by a paddle 独木舟
on-the-spot a. at the place of the action 现场的
humble / a. low in position 地位低下的
origin / n. parentage;birth;beginning 血统;出身; 起源
gardener n. person who works in a garden either for pay
or as a hobby 园丁
waiter n. person who serves food to the tables in a
restaurant (男 )侍者
nobleman. 贵族
dissatisfy/vt. fail to satisfy; displease 使不满
threaten / vt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat
against 威胁
threat n.
reject / vt. refuse to take,believe,use or oonsider 拒绝
rejection n.
nephew / n. the son of one's brother or sister
error / n. mistake;sth. done wrongly
false / a. not true or .correct
judgment n. opinion 判断 , 看法
hesitate / vi. feel doubtful; be undecided 犹豫, 迟疑不决
hesitation n.
prefer /prifaJvt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜欢;宁愿
preference /n.
latter / a. nearer to the end 后面的 ; 后半的
n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者
conflict / vi. be opposed; clash 冲突
/n. disagreement; clash; fight
unquestioning/ a. given or done without question or doubt
agreement n. having the same opinion ( s ) ; thinking in
the same way 同意 ; 一致
criticism / n. unfavourable remarks or judgments 批评
critic / n. person who makes judgments about the good
and bad qualities of sth.;person who points
out mistakes 评论家; 批评者
criticize vt.
philosophy /n. 哲学
resent / vt. feel angry or bitter at 对"'忿恨;对"'不满
action n. the process of doing things; sth. done 行动
过程；行动
custom / n. 习惯，风俗
perpetual / a. never-ending; going on for a long time or
without stopping 永恒的; 连续不断的
constitution/ n. 宪法；章程
living a. alive now 活(着)的
remark / vt. say; comment 说; 评论说
n. 话语 ; 评论
evil / n. sth. bad; sin 邪恶 , 罪恶
a. very bad 邪恶的 , 坏的
idealism / n. 理想主义；唯心主义
arch(a)eology/ n. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehis-
toric times 考古学
rotation n. 轮作；旋转
rotate v.
conservation / n. protecting from loss or from being use
保护；保存
conserve vt.
superior / a. good or better in quality or value 较好的; 优的
superiority n.
existence / n. the state of existing 存在
influence / vt. have an effect on 影响
arthitecture / n. art and science of building 建筑术;建筑学
constantly / ad. continuously; frequently 不断地;经常地
constant a.
perform / vt. do, carry out 做 , 履行
talent / n. special natural ability 才能;天资
central / a. chief ; main; most important 主要的
tireless /a. never or rarely getting tired
writer n. a person who writes esp.as a way of earning
money 作家
publish /vt. have ( a book, etc. ) printed and put on
sale 出版
volume / n. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;册
thrill vi. have a very exciting feeling 非常激动
self evident a. clear without proof 不言而喻的
create / vt. make (sth. that has not been made before)
创造
creation n.
anniversaty / n. the yearly return of a special date 周年纪念日
countryman n. a person from one's own country 同胞
legacy / n. sth. that one person leaves to another when
he dies 遗产
owe / vt. 欠 (债等); 应把…归公于(to)
debt / n. scsmething owed to someone else 债( 务 )
educate / vt. train;teach how to read, write, think, etc.
Phrases & Expx'essions
goout of one's way (to do take particular trouble; make a special
sth. ) effort 特地
leave. . . to leave sb. in charge of 交托, 委托
act on act according to 按照…行事
leave behfnd abandon;fail to take or bring 丢弃;留下,忘带
in existence existing 存在
above all most important of all 首先, 尤其是
Proper Names
Bruce Bliven / 布鲁斯·布利文
Thomas Jefferson / 托马斯·杰斐逊
George Washington / 乔治·华盛顿
Abraham Lincoln / 亚伯拉罕·林肯
the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》
the James River 詹姆斯河
Lafayette / 拉斐特
France / 法国
Heaven / 上帝；天堂
Philadelphia / 费城 (美国港市)